高中生应试作文高分秘诀

CHAPTERONEIntroduction
1ImportanceofInterculturalCommunication
1.1TheNewTechnology
1.2TheNewPopulation
1.3TheNewEconomicArena
2StudyingInterculturalCommunication
3InterculturalCommunication
3.1HostandMinorityCultures
3.2Subcultures（Co-cultures）
3.3Multiculturalism
3.4Cross-culturalCommunication
3.5PrinciplesofInterculturalCommunication
3.6Rationale
3.7Approach
3.8Philosophy
Exercises
BibllographyandFurtherReading
CHAPTERTWOLanguageUseandCommunication
1HumanCommunication
1.1IntentionalandUnintentionalBehavior
1.2ADefinitionofCommunication
1.3TheComponentsofCommunication
2Pragmatics：LanguageUse
2.1TheProblem
2.2TheMessageModelofLinguisticCommunication
2.3ProblemswiththeMessageModel
2.4AnInferentialApproachtoCommunication
2.5InferentialTheoriesversustheMessageModel
3TheCharacteristicsofCommunication
3.1NoDirectMind-to-MindContact
3.2WeCanOnlyInfer
3.3CommunicationIsSymbolic
3.4Time-BindingLinksUsTogether
3.5WeSeektoDefinetheWorld
3.6CommunicationHasaConsequence
3.7CommunicationIsDynamic
3.8CommunicationIsContextual
3.9CommunicationIsSelf-Reflective
4TheBrainIsanOpenSystem
5WeAreAlikeandWeAreDifferent
Exercises
BibliographyandFurtherReading
CHAPTERTHREECultureandCommunication
1CultureIsourInvisibleTeacher
1.1TheBasicFunctionsofCulture
1.2SomeDefinitionsofCulture
1.3TheCharacteristicsofCulture
2LanguageandCulture
3TeachingCulture
4FormsofInterculturalCommunication
5AnInterculturalCommunicationModel
6ElementsofInterculturalCommunication
6.1Perception
6.2VerbalProcesses
6.3NonverbalProcesses
Exercises
BibliographyandFurtherReading
CHAPTERFOURCulturalDiversityinPerception
1UnderstandingPerception
1.1CultureandPerception
1.2Beliefs
1.3Values
2DominantAmericanCulturalPatterns
2.1Individualism
2.2Equality
2.3Materialism
2.4ScienceandTechnology
2.5ProgressandChange
2.6ActivityandWork
3DiverseCulturalPatterns
3.1Hofstede’sValueDimensions
3.2Kluckhohn，Kluckhohn，andStrodtbeck’sValueOrientations
3.3Hall’sHigh-andLow-ContextCommunication
3.4EtCetera
Exercises
BibliographyandFurtherReading
CHAPTERFIVETheDeepStructureofCulture
1WorldView
1.1Religion
1.2AComparisonofWorldViews
2Family
2.1ImportanceandFunctions
2.2CultureandFamily
3History
3.1Americans
3.2Jews
3.3Russians
3.4Chinese
3.5Japanese
3.6Arabs
Exercises
BibliographyandFurtherReading
CHAPTERSIXCross-culturalPragmatics
1DirectandLiteralCommunication
1.1DirectStrategy
1.2LiteralStrategy
2NonliteralCommunication
2.1StrategiesforNonliteralCommunication
2.2IndirectCommunication
2.3StrategiesforIndirectCommunication
2.4Proverbs
3DiscourseandConversation
3.1LanguageandContext
3.2Openings
3.3TurnTaking
3.4Closings
3.5Conclusion
4SpecialTopicsonPragmatics
4.1Performatives
4.2SpeechActs
4.3Meaning，Saying，andImplicating
4.4PragmaticPresupposition
4.5SpeakerReference
4.6Conclusion
Exercises
BibliographyandFurtherReading
CHAPTERSEVENWordsandMeanings
1TheImportanceofLanguage
2TheNatureofLanguage
3CultureandMeaning
4LanguageandCulture
4.1PatternsofThought
4.2TheUseofLanguage
5ForeignLanguagesandTranslation
5.1TypesofEquivalence
5.2ProblemsofTranslation
5.3WorkingwithaTranslator
6FemaleLanguageinCommunication
7ArgotinEnglishLanguage
7.1WhatisArgot？
7.2FunctionsofArgot
Exercises
BibliographyandFurtherReading
CHAPTEREIGHTNonverbalCommunication
1TheImportanceofNonverbalCommunication
2DefiningNonverbalCommunication
3FunctionsofNonverbalCommunication
3.1Repeating
3.2Complementing
3.3Substituting
3.4Regulating
4VerbalandNonverbalSymbolSystems
4.1Similarities
4.2Differences
5NonverbalCommunicationandCulture
6BodyBehavior
6.1GeneralAppearanceandDress
6.2BodyMovements：KinesicsandPosture
6.3FacialExpressions
6.4EyeContactandGaze
6.5Touch
6.6Smell
6.7Paralanguage
7SpaceandDistance
7.1PersonalSpace
7.2Seating
7.3FurnitureArrangement
8Time
8.1InformalTime
8.2Past，Present，andFuture
8.3Monochronic（M-time）andPolychronic（P-time）
9Silence
Exercises
BibliographyandFurtherReading
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