Vitamin Tolerance of Animals Subcommittee on Vitamin Tolerance

Vitamin Tolerance of Animals 1
Copyright 2
Preface 3
Contents 7
Introduction 11
Vitamin A 13
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 13
Dietary Requirements Of Various Species 13
Biochemical Functions 13
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 14
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 14
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 15
Concentrations In Tissues 18
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 18
SUMMARY 19
REFERENCES 19
Vitamin D 21
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 21
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 21
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 21
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 23
Clinical Signs 23
Soft Tissue Changes 25
Lesions That Are Not Associated With Hypercalcemia 25
Factors Affecting Toxicity 25
Concentrations in Milk and Liver 26
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 26
CONCLUSION 30
SUMMARY 30
REFERENCES 30
Vitamin E 33
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 33
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 33
Biochemical Functions 33
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 34
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 34
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 35
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 39
SUMMARY 39
REFERENCES 39
Vitamin K 41
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 41
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 41
Biochemical Functions 41
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 42
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 42
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 43
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 43
SUMMARY 43
REFERENCES 45
Ascorbic Acid 46
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 46
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 46
Biochemical Functions 46
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 46
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 46
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 47
Concentrations in Tissues 50
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 50
SUMMARY 50
REFERENCES 51
Thiamin 53
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 53
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 53
Biochemical Functions 53
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 54
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 54
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 54
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 55
SUMMARY 55
REFERENCES 55
Niacin 57
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 57
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 57
Biochemical Functions 57
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 57
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 58
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 58
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 59
SUMMARY 62
REFERENCES 62
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 63
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 63
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 63
Biochemical Functions 63
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 63
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 64
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 65
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 65
SUMMARY 67
REFERENCES 67
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 68
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 68
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 68
Biochemical Functions 68
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 68
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 68
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 69
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 72
SUMMARY 72
REFERENCES 72
Folic Acid 74
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 74
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 74
Biochemical Functions 74
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 74
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 75
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 75
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 75
SUMMARY 75
REFERENCES 76
Pantothenic Acid 77
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 77
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 77
Biochemical Functions 77
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 77
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 78
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 78
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 78
SUMMARY 78
REFERENCES 79
Biotin 80
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 80
Dietary Requirements Of Various Species 80
Biochemical Functions 80
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 80
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 81
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 83
SUMMARY 83
REFERENCES 83
Vitamin B12 84
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 84
Dietary Requirements Of Various Species, 84
Biochemical Functions 84
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 84
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM. 84
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 85
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 86
SUMMARY 86
REFERENCES 86
Choline 87
NUTRITIONAL ROLE 87
Dietary Requirements of Various Species 87
Biochemical Functions 87
FORMS OF THE VITAMIN 87
ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM 87
HYPERVITAMINOSIS 88
PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS 92
SUMMARY 92
REFERENCES 93
Research Needs 94
Summary 95
Appendix Table 97
Index 103