Environmental microbiology

　　Chapter 1 Introduction to Environmental Microbiology
　　 1.1 Introduction
　　 1.2 An Historical Perspective
　　 1.3 Modem Environmental Microbiology
　　 1.4 Purpose and Organization of This Text
　　Chapter 2 Microorganisms in the Environment
　　 2.1 Viruses
　　 2.2 Bacteria
　　 2.3 Fungi
　　 2.4 Algae
　　 2.5 Protozoa
　　Chapter 3 Bacterial Growth
　　 3.1 Growth in Pure Culture in a Flask
　　 3.2 Continuous Culture
　　 3.3 Growth under Aerobic Conditions
　　 3.4 Growth under Anaerobic Conditions
　　 3.5 Growth in the Environment
　　Chapter 4 Terrestrial Environments
　　 4.1 Introduction
　　 4.2 Porous Media
　　 4.3 Soil and Subsurface Environments
　　 4.4 General Characteristics of Microorganisms in Porous Media
　　 4.5 Microbial Activities in Porous Media
　　 4.6 Microorganisms in Surface Soils
　　 4.7 Microorganisms in Shallow Subsurface Environments
　　 4.8 Microorganisms in Deep Subsurface Environments
　　Chapter 5 Aquatic and Extreme Environments
　　 5.1 Introduction
　　 5.2 Microbial Habitats in the Aquatic Environment
　　 5.3 Aquatic Environments
　　 5.4 Environmental Determinants That Govern Extreme Environments
　　 5.5 Aquatic Microbes in the News
　　Chapter 6 Aeromicrobiology
　　 6.1 Introduction
　　 6.2 Important Airborne Pathogens
　　 6.3 Important Airborne Toxins
　　 6.4 Nature of Bioaerosols
　　 6.5 The Atmosphere
　　 6.6 Aeromicrobiological Pathway
　　 6.7 Sampling Devices for the Collection of Bioaerosols
　　 6.8 Microbial Survival in the Air
　　 6.9 Extramural Aeromicrobiology
　　 6.10 Intramural Aeromicrobiology
　　 6.11 Bioaerosol Control
　　 6.12 Biosafety in the Laboratory
　　 6.13 Other Areas of Interest
　　Chapter 7 Microbial Transport
　　 7.1 Introduction
　　 7.2 Factors Affecting Microbial Transport
　　 7.3 Factors Affecting Transport of DNA
　　 7.4 Novel Approaches to Facilitate Microbial Transport
　　 7.5 Methodology for Studying Transport
　　 7.6 Models for Microbial Transport
　　Chapter 8 Cultural Methods
　　 8.1 Cultural Methods for Enumeration of Bacteria
　　 8.2 Cultural Media for Bacteria
　　 8.3 Cultural Methods for Fungi
　　 8.4 Cultural Methods for Algae and Cyanobacteria
　　 8.5 Cell Culture-Based Detection Methods for Viruses
　　Chapter 9 Biogeoehemieal Cycling
　　 9.1 Introduction
　　 9.2 Carbon Cycle
　　 9.3 Nitrogen Cycle
　　 9.4 Sulfur Cycle
　　 Chapter 10 Microorganisms and Organic Pollutants
　　 10.1 Introduction
　　 10.2 Environmental Law
　　 10.3 The Overall Process of Biodegradation
　　 10.4 Relationship between Contaminant Structure, Toxicity, and Biodegradability
　　 10.5 Environmental Factors Affecting Biodegradation
　　 10.6 Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants
　　 10.7 Bioremediation
　　 Chapter 11 Microorganisms and Metal Pollutants
　　 11.1 Cause for Concern
　　 11.2 Metals Defined
　　 11.3 Sources of Metals
　　 11.4 Metal Bioavailability in the Environment
　　 11.5 Metal Toxicity Effects on the Microbial Cell
　　 11.6 Mechanisms of Microbial Metal Resistance and Detoxification
　　 11.7 Methods for Studying Metal-Microbial Interactions
　　 11.8 Adverse Effects of Microbial Metal Transformations
　　 11.9 The Benefits of Metal-Microbial Interactions
　　 11.10 Physical/Chemical Methods of Metal Remediation
　　 11.11 Innovative Microbial Approaches in the Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils and Sediments
　　 11.12 Innovative Microbial Approaches in the Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Aquatic Systems
　　Chapter 12 Indicator Microorganisms
　　 12.1 The Concept of Indicator Organisms
　　 12.2 Total Coliforms
　　 12.3 Fecal Coliforms
　　 12.4 Fecal Streptococci
　　 12.5 Clostridium perfringens
　　 12.6 Heterotrophic Plate Count
　　 12.7 Bacteriophage
　　 12.8 Other Indicator Organisms
　　 12.9 Standards and Criteria for Indicators
　　Chapter 13 Nucleic Acid-Based Methods of Analysis
　　 13.1 Structure and Complementarity of Nucleic Acids
　　 13.2 Obtaining Microbial Nucleic Acids from the Environment
　　 13.3 Nucleic Acid-Based Methods
　　Chapter 14 Domestic Wastes and Waste Treatment
　　 14.1 Domestic Wastewater
　　 14.2 Modem Wastewater Treatment
　　 14.3 Oxidation Ponds
　　 14.4 Septic Tanks
　　 14.5 Land Application of Wastewater
　　 14.6 Wetlands and Aquaculture Systems
　　 14.7 Solid Waste
　　Chapter 15 Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution
　　 15.1 Water Treatment Processes
　　 15.2 Water Distribution Systems
　　 15.3 Assimilable Organic Carbon