Fish osmoregulation /
副标题：无
作 者：editors, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Juan Miguel Mancera Romero, B.G. Kapoor.
分类号：
ISBN：9781578084470
微信扫一扫,移动浏览光盘
简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
Through this complex interaction of kidneys, gills and intestine, fish are able to adapt to the salinity of their environment. In this collection of 16 articles, contributors describe how osmoregulation works and how it relates to other functions, particularly the immune system. Topics include immune and osmoregulatory interaction, the renin-angiotensin systems of fish, the effects of water acidity and hardness on the survival and growth of freshwater teleosts, cellular and molecular approaches, fish transportation, extreme or unstable habitats and their impact on teleosts, renal contributions to water and salt balance, immunochemistry in branchial ion transport, rapid regulation of ion transport in mitochondrion-rich cells, and the effects of diet, arginine vasotocin and isotocin, energy metabolism and osmotic acclimation, intestinal transport processes, calcium, prolactin, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, cortisol and the thyroid gland. Distributed in the US by Enfield. Annotation 漏2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
目录
Preface 6
Contents 8
List of Contributors 10
1. Immune and Osmoregulatory System Interaction 14
Introduction 14
Fish Immune System Organization 16
Influence of environmental Salinity on Fish Immune Response 18
Osmoregulatory Hormones\u2014Do They Control the Immune System? 22
Role of Fish Cytokines in the Endocrine System 30
Interactions between Osmoregulatory and Immune Responses 31
Concluding Remarks 35
References 35
2. The Involvement of the Thyroid Gland in Teleost Osmoregulation 48
Introduction 48
Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Plasma Transport 49
Plasma Transport and Cellular Uptake of Thyroid Hormones 50
Peripheral Metabolism 52
Thyroid Hormone Targets 56
Thyroid Gland Regulation 58
Osmoregulatory Aspects of Thyroid Hormones 61
Heterotopic Thyroid Follicles in Osmoregulatory Organs 62
Conclusion 64
References 65
3. Diet and Osmoregulation 80
Introduction 80
Dietary Na+ and Cl\u2013 81
Dietary Ca2+ 85
Dietary Phosphorus 87
Dietary Mg2+ 89
References 91
4. The Renin-Angiotensin Systems of Fish and their Roles in Osmoregulation 98
RAS: The Biochemical Cascade 99
Angiotensin Sequences in Fish 103
Angiotensin Receptors 106
Euryhalinity and Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System 109
Role of Angiotensin in Osmoregulation 114
Drinking 115
Renal Function 125
Rectal Gland 132
Gill Function 133
Steroidogenic Actions of Angiotensin and Links to Osmoregulation 134
Summary and Future Directions 135
References 136
5. Effect of Water pH and Hardness on Survival and Growth of Freshwater Teleosts 148
Introduction 148
Survival in Acidic and Alkaline Waters 149
General Aspects of Osmoregulation in Acidic and Alkaline Soft Waters 150
Effect of Water Hardness on Survival and Osmoregulation 153
Effect of Water pH on Hatching and Growth 155
Effect of water hardness on Hatching and Growth 157
References 159
6. Arginine Vasotocin and Isotocin: Towards their Role in Fish Osmoregulation 164
Neuropeptides Arginine Vasotocin and Isotocin\u2014General View 164
Signals for AVT/IT Synthesis and Release 168
Arginine Vasotocin/Isotocin: Targets of Action and Mechanisms 171
Interactions with Other Hormones 180
Analogy Between Neurohypophysial Hormones in Fish and Mammals: A Useful Paradigm? 181
Summary. Are There Convincing Evidences on a Role of AVT/IT in Fish Osmoregulation? 182
References 183
7. Cellular and Molecular Approaches to the Investigation of Piscine Osmoregulation: Current and Future Perspectives 190
Utilization and Application of Cellular Techniques in Fish Osmoregulation 192
'Yolk-balls'\u2014A Novel Surrogate Preparation for Chloride Cell Investigation 193
Cultured Fish Cells\u2014Reconstituting Epithelia for Transport Studies 195
Purifying Epithelial Cell Types\u2014Techniques for Assigning Osmoregulatory Function 202
Enriched Membrane Vesicles\u2014Mechanistic and Structural Analysis of Transport 206
Pharmacology of Ion Transport\u2014Caveats for Comparative Biologists 209
Molecular Biology of Fish Osmotic and ionic Regulation 211
Physiological versus Genomic Models\u2014As the Krogh Flies 213
Gene Duplication and Isoform Switching \u2014The Unravelling Complexity of Fish Biology 215
Cloning of Transporters\u2014Molecular Support for Physiological Theories 217
Corticosteroid Hormone Receptors\u2014Molecular Insight into Endocrine Regulation 219
Transgenics and Antisense Applications\u2014Manipulating Gene Expression 223
'-omics'\u2014Monitoing Global Changes in Cellular Expression 226
Perspectives 231
References 233
8. Osmoregulation and Fish Transportation 248
Osmoregulation 248
Gill Structure and Function 249
Freshwater and Saltwater Fishes 250
Stress and Osmoregulation 251
Stress During Fish Transportation 252
Transport Water 253
Conclusion 257
References 259
9. Special Challenges to Teleost Fish Osmoregulation in Environmentally Extreme or Unstable Habitats 262
Introduction 262
Extremely Low Temperatures 263
Extremely High Salinities 272
Unstable Habitats: Estuarine and Intertidal 275
Conclusions 281
References 282
10. Energy Metabolism and Osmotic Acclimation in Teleost Fish 290
Introduction 290
Metabolic Rates 291
Changes in Energy Metabolism During Osmotic Acclimation 292
Plasma 293
Gills 295
Kidney 299
Gastrointestinal Tract 302
Liver 303
Muscle 308
Brain 310
Heart 312
References 313
11. The Renal Contribution to Salt and Water Balance 322
Introduction 322
Kidney Morphology 324
Osmoregulatory Processes of the Kidney 326
The Role of the Urinary Bladder 338
Conclusions 340
References 340
12. Intestinal Transport Processes in Marine Fish Osmoregulation 346
Osmoregulation in Marine Fish 346
Integrative Salt and Water Mass Balance 347
Water 347
Monovalent Ions 348
Divalent Ions 348
Luminal Alkalinity 350
Intestinal Fluid Composition 350
Salinity 351
Intestinal Transport Processes\u2014NaCl Absorption 354
Intestinal Anion Exchange and Cl- Absorption 355
Intestinal Transport Processes\u2014Water Absorption 358
Composition of the Fluid Absorbed by the Intestine Hypertonicity 359
The Missing Cation\u2014Acidic Absorbate 359
Dual Role of the Intestine: Feeding vs Osmoregulation 359
Endocrine Control of Intestinal Salt and Water Transport 360
Guanylins 361
Vasointestinal Peptide (VIP) 361
Neuropeptide Y 361
Natriuretic Peptides 362
Urotensin II and Somatostatin 362
Cortisol 362
Prolactin 363
Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 363
References 363
13. The Use of Immunochemistry in the Study of Branchial Ion Transport Mechanisms 372
Introduction 372
Adding to the Seawater Model of Ion Excretion 378
Freshwater Ion Uptake Mechanisms 380
Chloride Uptake 384
Other Transporters in the Gill 385
Identification of Na+/K+-Atpase Immunoreactive Cells, Chloride Cells? 385
Technical Consideration 387
The Antibody 387
Fixation 389
Embedding 390
Detection 391
Controls 393
Antigen-Retrieval Techniques 395
Additional Resources 399
References 399
14. Rapid Regulation of Ion Transport in Mitochondrion-rich Cells 408
Introduction 408
Control of Cl\u2013 Secretion 411
Hypotonic and Hypertonic Stress and Cl\u2013 Secretion 423
Non-Genomic Effect of Cortisol 430
Proposed Model for Rapid Regulation of Chloride Transport 431
Conclusion 432
References 432
15. Control of Calcium Balance in Fish 440
Introduction 440
CA2+ Exchange Tissues and Sensing Mechanisms 443
Gills 443
Intestine 450
Kidney 453
Calcified Structures 456
Early Life Stages 458
Sensing Mechanisms\u2014The Extracellular Ca2+ \u2013Sensing Receptor (CaSR) 461
Endocrine Control of Ca2+ Balance 464
Pituitary Hormones and Cortisol 465
Estradiol 17beta 468
Calcitonin 470
Vitamin D3 473
Stanniocalcin 475
PTHrP and PTH-like Peptides 480
Perspectives 484
References 485
16. Role of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Cortisol in Teleost Osmoregulation 510
Introduction 510
Prolactin (PRL) 511
Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) Axis 514
Cortisol 515
Hormone Interactions 519
Conclusion 521
References 522
Index 530
Contents 8
List of Contributors 10
1. Immune and Osmoregulatory System Interaction 14
Introduction 14
Fish Immune System Organization 16
Influence of environmental Salinity on Fish Immune Response 18
Osmoregulatory Hormones\u2014Do They Control the Immune System? 22
Role of Fish Cytokines in the Endocrine System 30
Interactions between Osmoregulatory and Immune Responses 31
Concluding Remarks 35
References 35
2. The Involvement of the Thyroid Gland in Teleost Osmoregulation 48
Introduction 48
Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Plasma Transport 49
Plasma Transport and Cellular Uptake of Thyroid Hormones 50
Peripheral Metabolism 52
Thyroid Hormone Targets 56
Thyroid Gland Regulation 58
Osmoregulatory Aspects of Thyroid Hormones 61
Heterotopic Thyroid Follicles in Osmoregulatory Organs 62
Conclusion 64
References 65
3. Diet and Osmoregulation 80
Introduction 80
Dietary Na+ and Cl\u2013 81
Dietary Ca2+ 85
Dietary Phosphorus 87
Dietary Mg2+ 89
References 91
4. The Renin-Angiotensin Systems of Fish and their Roles in Osmoregulation 98
RAS: The Biochemical Cascade 99
Angiotensin Sequences in Fish 103
Angiotensin Receptors 106
Euryhalinity and Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System 109
Role of Angiotensin in Osmoregulation 114
Drinking 115
Renal Function 125
Rectal Gland 132
Gill Function 133
Steroidogenic Actions of Angiotensin and Links to Osmoregulation 134
Summary and Future Directions 135
References 136
5. Effect of Water pH and Hardness on Survival and Growth of Freshwater Teleosts 148
Introduction 148
Survival in Acidic and Alkaline Waters 149
General Aspects of Osmoregulation in Acidic and Alkaline Soft Waters 150
Effect of Water Hardness on Survival and Osmoregulation 153
Effect of Water pH on Hatching and Growth 155
Effect of water hardness on Hatching and Growth 157
References 159
6. Arginine Vasotocin and Isotocin: Towards their Role in Fish Osmoregulation 164
Neuropeptides Arginine Vasotocin and Isotocin\u2014General View 164
Signals for AVT/IT Synthesis and Release 168
Arginine Vasotocin/Isotocin: Targets of Action and Mechanisms 171
Interactions with Other Hormones 180
Analogy Between Neurohypophysial Hormones in Fish and Mammals: A Useful Paradigm? 181
Summary. Are There Convincing Evidences on a Role of AVT/IT in Fish Osmoregulation? 182
References 183
7. Cellular and Molecular Approaches to the Investigation of Piscine Osmoregulation: Current and Future Perspectives 190
Utilization and Application of Cellular Techniques in Fish Osmoregulation 192
'Yolk-balls'\u2014A Novel Surrogate Preparation for Chloride Cell Investigation 193
Cultured Fish Cells\u2014Reconstituting Epithelia for Transport Studies 195
Purifying Epithelial Cell Types\u2014Techniques for Assigning Osmoregulatory Function 202
Enriched Membrane Vesicles\u2014Mechanistic and Structural Analysis of Transport 206
Pharmacology of Ion Transport\u2014Caveats for Comparative Biologists 209
Molecular Biology of Fish Osmotic and ionic Regulation 211
Physiological versus Genomic Models\u2014As the Krogh Flies 213
Gene Duplication and Isoform Switching \u2014The Unravelling Complexity of Fish Biology 215
Cloning of Transporters\u2014Molecular Support for Physiological Theories 217
Corticosteroid Hormone Receptors\u2014Molecular Insight into Endocrine Regulation 219
Transgenics and Antisense Applications\u2014Manipulating Gene Expression 223
'-omics'\u2014Monitoing Global Changes in Cellular Expression 226
Perspectives 231
References 233
8. Osmoregulation and Fish Transportation 248
Osmoregulation 248
Gill Structure and Function 249
Freshwater and Saltwater Fishes 250
Stress and Osmoregulation 251
Stress During Fish Transportation 252
Transport Water 253
Conclusion 257
References 259
9. Special Challenges to Teleost Fish Osmoregulation in Environmentally Extreme or Unstable Habitats 262
Introduction 262
Extremely Low Temperatures 263
Extremely High Salinities 272
Unstable Habitats: Estuarine and Intertidal 275
Conclusions 281
References 282
10. Energy Metabolism and Osmotic Acclimation in Teleost Fish 290
Introduction 290
Metabolic Rates 291
Changes in Energy Metabolism During Osmotic Acclimation 292
Plasma 293
Gills 295
Kidney 299
Gastrointestinal Tract 302
Liver 303
Muscle 308
Brain 310
Heart 312
References 313
11. The Renal Contribution to Salt and Water Balance 322
Introduction 322
Kidney Morphology 324
Osmoregulatory Processes of the Kidney 326
The Role of the Urinary Bladder 338
Conclusions 340
References 340
12. Intestinal Transport Processes in Marine Fish Osmoregulation 346
Osmoregulation in Marine Fish 346
Integrative Salt and Water Mass Balance 347
Water 347
Monovalent Ions 348
Divalent Ions 348
Luminal Alkalinity 350
Intestinal Fluid Composition 350
Salinity 351
Intestinal Transport Processes\u2014NaCl Absorption 354
Intestinal Anion Exchange and Cl- Absorption 355
Intestinal Transport Processes\u2014Water Absorption 358
Composition of the Fluid Absorbed by the Intestine Hypertonicity 359
The Missing Cation\u2014Acidic Absorbate 359
Dual Role of the Intestine: Feeding vs Osmoregulation 359
Endocrine Control of Intestinal Salt and Water Transport 360
Guanylins 361
Vasointestinal Peptide (VIP) 361
Neuropeptide Y 361
Natriuretic Peptides 362
Urotensin II and Somatostatin 362
Cortisol 362
Prolactin 363
Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 363
References 363
13. The Use of Immunochemistry in the Study of Branchial Ion Transport Mechanisms 372
Introduction 372
Adding to the Seawater Model of Ion Excretion 378
Freshwater Ion Uptake Mechanisms 380
Chloride Uptake 384
Other Transporters in the Gill 385
Identification of Na+/K+-Atpase Immunoreactive Cells, Chloride Cells? 385
Technical Consideration 387
The Antibody 387
Fixation 389
Embedding 390
Detection 391
Controls 393
Antigen-Retrieval Techniques 395
Additional Resources 399
References 399
14. Rapid Regulation of Ion Transport in Mitochondrion-rich Cells 408
Introduction 408
Control of Cl\u2013 Secretion 411
Hypotonic and Hypertonic Stress and Cl\u2013 Secretion 423
Non-Genomic Effect of Cortisol 430
Proposed Model for Rapid Regulation of Chloride Transport 431
Conclusion 432
References 432
15. Control of Calcium Balance in Fish 440
Introduction 440
CA2+ Exchange Tissues and Sensing Mechanisms 443
Gills 443
Intestine 450
Kidney 453
Calcified Structures 456
Early Life Stages 458
Sensing Mechanisms\u2014The Extracellular Ca2+ \u2013Sensing Receptor (CaSR) 461
Endocrine Control of Ca2+ Balance 464
Pituitary Hormones and Cortisol 465
Estradiol 17beta 468
Calcitonin 470
Vitamin D3 473
Stanniocalcin 475
PTHrP and PTH-like Peptides 480
Perspectives 484
References 485
16. Role of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Cortisol in Teleost Osmoregulation 510
Introduction 510
Prolactin (PRL) 511
Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) Axis 514
Cortisol 515
Hormone Interactions 519
Conclusion 521
References 522
Index 530
Fish osmoregulation /
- 名称
- 类型
- 大小
光盘服务联系方式: 020-38250260 客服QQ：4006604884
云图客服：
用户发送的提问，这种方式就需要有位在线客服来回答用户的问题，这种 就属于对话式的,问题是这种提问是否需要用户登录才能提问
Video Player
×
Audio Player
×
pdf Player
×
