简介
"This compelling new account traces the origins and development of the most dramatic and destructive disease epidemic of modern times. Jacques Pepin looks back to the early twentieth-century events in Africa that triggered the emergence of HIV/AIDS and the subsequent evolution and transmission of the disease before it was first officially identified in 1981. The book focuses on the specific circumstances in Leopoldville, the capital of the Belgian Congo, where urbanization, the spread of prostitution, and medical interventions to control the incidence of tropical diseases interconnected to fuel the communication of HIV-1 in the 1960s, as the country struggled to adapt to its newfound independence. With a unique synthesis of historical, political and medical elements, this book adds a coherent and necessary historical perspective to recent molecular studies of the chronology of the HIV/AIDS pandemic"--Provided by publisher.
目录
Cover 1
Title 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Figures, maps and table 9
Abbreviations 13
Note on terminology 15
Introduction 19
1 Out of Africa 24
Ex Africa semper aliquid novi 24
Archival samples 25
Viral diversity 29
2 The source 36
Our closest relatives 36
All kinds of trees 40
The fourth ape 48
Origins of SIV in chimpanzees 49
3 The timing 50
Bush medicine 50
A colonial tragedy 51
Instructive autopsies 54
Molecular clocks 57
4 The cut hunter 61
Hunters and their prey 61
Quantifying the exposure 64
The river 68
Bold experiments 71
Eternal youth 73
5 Societies in transition 77
The slave trade and the exportation of infectious diseases to the Americas 77
A pool on the river 79
Kamerun, Cameroun and Cameroons 83
Congo Belge/Belgisch Kongo 85
Created by Europeans, populated by Africans 86
Too many males 88
A short journey 98
Meanwhile in Cameroun 100
6 The oldest trade 102
The core group 102
Hospitality and housekeeping 105
Venus\u2019s curse 108
Prostitution in L茅opoldville 111
The voice of Congo 114
Across the river 115
Independence: for whom? 117
7 Injections and the transmission of viruses 121
Parenteral or iatrogenic 121
HIV among drug addicts 123
Iatrogenic epidemics of HIV 125
The largest ever iatrogenic epidemic 128
HCV infection in central Africa 129
Inoculation hepatitis 132
8 The legacies of colonial medicine I: French Equatorial Africa and Cameroun 136
The system 136
The mother of all tropical diseases 138
Treponemes and metallic drugs 149
From segregation to cure 152
Quinimax 154
And the rest 155
An accident of history 156
From tropical diseases to blood-borne viruses 157
9 The legacies of colonial medicine II: the Belgian Congo 161
A patchwork 162
The control of infectious diseases 164
A network 169
In a class of his own 172
An epidemic of tuberculosis 175
Taking good care of free women 176
The perfect storm 184
10 The other human immunodeficiency viruses 186
HIV-1 groups O, N and P 186
HIV-2 and Guin茅 Portuguesa 188
11 From the Congo to the Caribbean 198
A botched decolonisation 198
The rise and fall of Patrice Lumumba 201
Nation building, with help from the Caribbean 205
The fourth \u2018H\u2019 208
12 The blood trade 215
The vampire of the Caribbean 218
The red gold 223
13 The globalisation 227
The early spread 227
The subsequent spread 231
The response 233
14 Assembling the puzzle 239
15 Epilogue: lessons learned 253
References 256
Introduction 256
1 Out of Africa 256
2 The source 260
3 The timing 262
4 The cut hunter 263
5 Societies in transition 266
6 The oldest trade 270
7 Injections and the transmission of viruses 274
8 The legacies of colonial medicine I: French Equatorial Africa and Cameroun 278
9 The legacies of colonial medicine II: the Belgian Congo 282
10 The other human immunode.ciency viruses 284
11 From the Congo to the Caribbean 288
12 The blood trade 292
13 The globalisation 295
14 Assembling the puzzle 297
Appendix Classification of retroviruses 300
Index 302
Title 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Figures, maps and table 9
Abbreviations 13
Note on terminology 15
Introduction 19
1 Out of Africa 24
Ex Africa semper aliquid novi 24
Archival samples 25
Viral diversity 29
2 The source 36
Our closest relatives 36
All kinds of trees 40
The fourth ape 48
Origins of SIV in chimpanzees 49
3 The timing 50
Bush medicine 50
A colonial tragedy 51
Instructive autopsies 54
Molecular clocks 57
4 The cut hunter 61
Hunters and their prey 61
Quantifying the exposure 64
The river 68
Bold experiments 71
Eternal youth 73
5 Societies in transition 77
The slave trade and the exportation of infectious diseases to the Americas 77
A pool on the river 79
Kamerun, Cameroun and Cameroons 83
Congo Belge/Belgisch Kongo 85
Created by Europeans, populated by Africans 86
Too many males 88
A short journey 98
Meanwhile in Cameroun 100
6 The oldest trade 102
The core group 102
Hospitality and housekeeping 105
Venus\u2019s curse 108
Prostitution in L茅opoldville 111
The voice of Congo 114
Across the river 115
Independence: for whom? 117
7 Injections and the transmission of viruses 121
Parenteral or iatrogenic 121
HIV among drug addicts 123
Iatrogenic epidemics of HIV 125
The largest ever iatrogenic epidemic 128
HCV infection in central Africa 129
Inoculation hepatitis 132
8 The legacies of colonial medicine I: French Equatorial Africa and Cameroun 136
The system 136
The mother of all tropical diseases 138
Treponemes and metallic drugs 149
From segregation to cure 152
Quinimax 154
And the rest 155
An accident of history 156
From tropical diseases to blood-borne viruses 157
9 The legacies of colonial medicine II: the Belgian Congo 161
A patchwork 162
The control of infectious diseases 164
A network 169
In a class of his own 172
An epidemic of tuberculosis 175
Taking good care of free women 176
The perfect storm 184
10 The other human immunodeficiency viruses 186
HIV-1 groups O, N and P 186
HIV-2 and Guin茅 Portuguesa 188
11 From the Congo to the Caribbean 198
A botched decolonisation 198
The rise and fall of Patrice Lumumba 201
Nation building, with help from the Caribbean 205
The fourth \u2018H\u2019 208
12 The blood trade 215
The vampire of the Caribbean 218
The red gold 223
13 The globalisation 227
The early spread 227
The subsequent spread 231
The response 233
14 Assembling the puzzle 239
15 Epilogue: lessons learned 253
References 256
Introduction 256
1 Out of Africa 256
2 The source 260
3 The timing 262
4 The cut hunter 263
5 Societies in transition 266
6 The oldest trade 270
7 Injections and the transmission of viruses 274
8 The legacies of colonial medicine I: French Equatorial Africa and Cameroun 278
9 The legacies of colonial medicine II: the Belgian Congo 282
10 The other human immunode.ciency viruses 284
11 From the Congo to the Caribbean 288
12 The blood trade 292
13 The globalisation 295
14 Assembling the puzzle 297
Appendix Classification of retroviruses 300
Index 302
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