计算机文化(新版 英文版 第8版)

table of contents

orientation

0-4 section a: getting started with your computer and bookoncd

0-4 computer equipment

0-5 how to turn your computer on and off

0-6 windows basics

0-7 mouse basics

0-9 keyboard basics

0-11 quickcheck a

0-12 section b: getting started with software

0-12 how to start software

0-13 windows controls

0-14 creating documents

0-16 bookoncd software features

0-17 help

0-17 quickcheck b

0-18 section c: getting started on the internet and new perspectives np8 web site

0-18 internet and web basics

0-18 how to use a web browser and search engine

0-20 accessing the new perspectives np8 web site

.0-21 quickcheck c

0-22 section d: communicating with your instructor

0-22 working with e-mail

0-23 how to transfer tracking disk data

0-25 quickcheck d

0-26 section e: security and privacy

0-25 securing your computer and data

0-27 avoiding viruses

0-28 preventing intrusions

0-29 blocking spyware and pop-up ads

0-30 protecting e-commerce transactions

0-31 avoiding e-mail scams

0-33 protecting your privacy

0-33 quickcheck e

chapter 1

computer, internet, web, and e-mail basics

on the bookoncd

operating a personal computer lab

making a dial-up connection lab

browsing and searching lab

using e-mail lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

tech tv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

4 section a: computer basics

4 a computer is...

6 computer categories

9 personal computer systems

11 data, information, and files

12 application software and operating system basics

13 ouickcheck a

14 lab: operating a personal computer

15 section b: internet basics

15 internet resources

18 internet connections

20 internet service providers

22 user ids and passwords

24 quickcheck b

25 lab: making a dial-up connection

26 section c: web basics

26 the world wide web

28 browsers

31 search engines

34 quickcheck c

35 lab: browsing and searching

36 section d: e-mail basics

36 e-mail overview

38 netiquette

40 e-mail technology

42 quickcheck d

43 lab: using e-mail

44 techtalk: the boot process

47 ouickcheck techtalk

48 issue: e-mail privacy

50 computers in context: homeland security

52 review activities

62 interactive summary

54 interactive key terms

55 interactive situation questions

55 interactive practice tests

56 review on the web

57 student edition labs

chapter 2

computer hardware

on the bookoncd

working with binary numbers lab

benchmarking lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and leaming objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

60 section a: data representation and digital electronics

60 data representation

63 quantifying bits and bytes

64 digital electronics

66 quickcheck a

67 lab: working with binary numbers

68 section b: microprocessors and memory

68 microprocessor basics

69 microprocessor performance factors

71 today's microprocessors

72 random access memory

74 read-only memory

75 cmos memory

76 quickcheck b

77 lab: benchmarking

78 section c: storage devices

78 storage basics

81 floppy disk technology

83 hard disk technology

65 tape storage

86 cd and dvd technology

88 solid state storage

89 quickcheck c

90 section d: input and output devices

90 basic input devices

92 display devices

94 printers

96 installing peripheral devices

99 quickcheck d

100 techtalk: how a microprocessor executes instructions

103 ouickcheck techtalk

104 issue: computers and the environment

106 computers in context: military

108 review activities

108 interactive summary

110 interactive key terms

111 interactive situation questions

111 interactive practice tests

112 review on the web

113 student edition labs

chapter 3

computer software

on the bookoncd

using the windows interface lab

installing and uninstalling software lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment,

and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

116 section a: software basics

116 software: the inside story

118 programmers and programming languages

119 how software works

120 application software and system software

121 quickcheck a

122 section b: computer operating systems

122 operating system overview

126 windows, mac os, unix, linux, and dos

130 handhold and tablet operating systems

131 quickcheck' b

132 lab: using the windows interface

133 section c: application software

133 document production software

138 spreadsheet software

141 "number crunching" software

142 database software

145 graphics software

147 music software

148 video editing software

148 software suites

149 educational and reference software

150 entertainment software

151 business software

151 quickcheck c

152 section d: software installation and copyrights

152 installation basics

154 installing from distribution media

155 installing downloaded software

156 uninstalling software

157 software copyrights

157 software licenses

159 quickcheck d

160 lab: installing and uninstalling software

161 techtalk: the windows registry

163 ouickcheck techtalk

164 issue: software piracy

166 computers in context: journalism

168 review activities

168 interactive summary

170 interactive key terms

171 software key terms

171 interactive situation questions

171 interactive practice tests

172 review on the web

173 student edition labs

chapter 4

file management, virus protection, and backup

on the bookoncd

working with windows explorer lab

backing up your computer lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

176 section a: file basics

176 filenames, extensions, and formats

178 file locations, folders, and paths

179 file sizes and dates

179 quickcheck a

180 section b: file management

180 application-based file management

182 file management utilities

183 file management metaphors

184 windows explorer

185 file management tips

186 physical file storage

189 quickcheck b

190 lab: working with windows explorer

191 section c: computer viruses

191 viruses, trojan horses, and worms

196 antivirus software

197 virus hoaxes

198 quickcheck c

199 section d: data backup

199 backup and restore procedures

203 disk, cd, and dvd backup

204 network and internet backup

204 hard disk and tape backup

206 boot and recovery disks

207 quickcheck d

208 lab: backing up your computer

209 techtalk: file formats

213 quickcheck techtalk

214 issue: computer crime

216 computers in context: law enforcement

218 review activities

218 interactive summary

220 interactive key terms

221 interactive situation questions

221 interactive practice tests

222 review on the web

223 student edition labs

chapter 5

internet and lan technology

on the bookoncd

tracking packets lab

securing your connection lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

226 section a: network building blocks

226 network advantages and challenges

228 network classifications

228 geographic scope: pans, nans, lans, wans, and mans

229 organizational structure: client/server and peer-to-peer

230 physical topology

231 network links

233 analog and digital signals

234 bandwidth

234 communications protocols

237 quickcheck a

238 section b: local area networks

238 lan standards

239 ethernet

241 wi-fi

243 homepna and homeplc networks

244 installing a lan

245 using a lan

245 quickcheck b

246 section c: internet technology

246 background

247 internet structure

248 isp infrastructure

249 internet protocols

250 ip addresses

251 domain names

253 quickcheck c

254 lab: tracking packets

255 section d: internet access

255 dial-up connections

258 cable modem connections

260 dsl, isdn, t1, and t3

262 direct satellite access

263 lan internet access

264 mobile intemet access

267 intemet connection roundup

267 quickcheck d

268 lab: securing your connection

269 techtalk: internet access security

271 quickcheck techtalk

272 issue: free wi-fi

274 computers in context: education

276 review activities

276 interactive summary

278 interactive key terms

279 interactive situation questions

279 interactive practice tests

280 review on the web

281 student edition labs

chapter 6

web pages, web sites, and e-commerce

on the bookoncd

working with cookies lab

browser security settings lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

284 section a: web technology

284 the web, the net, and hypertext

286 html and xhtml

289 web browsers

291 helper applications, plug-ins, and players

292 http

293 web servers

295 cookies

297 quickcheck a

298 lab: working with cookies

299 section b: basic web page authoring

299 web page authoring tools

301 basic web page components

302 formats, styles, and style sheets

303 web page graphics, sound, and animation

304 links, buttons, and hot spots

306 html forms

307 tables and frames

308 testing and posting web pages

309 quickcheck b

310 section c: web page extensions, scripts, and programs

310 dhtml

311 xml and xsl

312 javascript and vbscript

313 java applets

315 activex controls

317 quickcheck c

318 lab: browser security settings

319 section d: e-commerce

319 e-commerce basics

321 online shopping

322 shopping carts

323 transaction privacy and security

326 electronic wallets

327 person-to-person payment services

327 quickcheck d

328 techtalk: encryption

33t ouickcheck techtalk

332 issue: information quality

334 computers in context: fashion industry

336 review activities

336 interactive summary

338 interactive key terms

339 interactive situation questions

339 interactive practice tests

340 review on the web

341 student edition labs

chapter 7

digital media

on the bookoncd

working with bitmap graphics lab

video editing lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

344 section a: bitmap graphics

344 bitmap basics

345 scanners and cameras

347 modifying bitmap graphics

347 image resolution

350 color depth and palettes

353 bitmap graphics formats

354 quickcheck a

355 lab: working with bitmap graphics

356 section b: vector and 3-d graphics

356 vector graphics basics

350 vector-to-bitmap conversion

361 vector graphics on the web

362 3-d graphics

364 quickcheck b

365 section c: digital video

365 digital video basics

366 producing video footage

367 video transfer

370 video editing

371 video output

372 desktop, pda, and web video

373 dvd video

374 quickcheck c

375 lab: video editing

376 section d: digital sound

376 waveform audio

379 portable audio players

380 midi music

382 speech recognition and synthesis

383 quickcheck d

384 techtalk: data compression

389 quickcheck techtalk

390 issue: digital rights management

392 computers in context: film

394 review activities

394 interactive summary

396 interactive key terms

397 interactive situation questions

397 interactive practice tests

398 review on the web

399 student edition labs

chapter 8

the computer industry: history, products, and careers

on the bookoncd

online job hunting lab

interactive review activities

interactive fiaures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

402 section a: computer history

402 manual calculators

403 mechanical calculators

405 computer prototypes

407 generations of computers

410 personal computers

412 quickcheck a

413 section b: the computer and it industries

413 industry overview

416 economic factors

418 product development

420 market share

422 marketing channels

424 industry regulation

425 quickcheck b

426 section c: careers for computer professionals

426 jobs and salaries

429 working conditions

432 education

434 certification

435 quickcheck c

436 section d: job hunting resources

436 job hunting basics

437 resumes for today's job market

439 web portfolios

440 job listings

441 job banks

443 head hunters and employment agencies

444 evaluating job openings

444 quickcheck d

445 lab: online job hunting

446 techtalk: the future of computing

449 quickcheck techtalk

450 issue: offshoring

452 computers in context: travel

454 review activities

454 interactive summary

456 interactive key terms

457 interactive situation questions

457 interactive practice tests

458 review on the web

459 student edition labs

chapter 9

information systems analysis and design

on the bookoncd

working with dfds lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

462 section a: information systems

462 information systems in organizations

465 transaction processing systems

467 management information systems

468 decision support systems

470 expert systems and neural networks

472 quickcheck a

473 section b: systems analysis

473 planning phase

474 assemble project team

474 justify project

477 system development life cycle

478 analysis phase

478 study the current system

479 determine system requirements

480 ouickcheck b

481 lab: working with dfds

482 section c: system design

482 design phase

482 identify potential solutions

485 evaluate solutions and select the best

485 select hardware and software

487 develop application specifications

488 obtain approval to implement the new system

488 ouickcheck c

489 section d: implementation and maintenance

489 implementation phase

489 purchase and install hardware and software

489 create applications

490 test applications

491 finalize documentation

49f train users

491 convert data

492 convert to new system

493 maintenance phase

495 quickcheck d

496 techtalk: documentation tools

501 ouickcheck techtalk

502 issue: professional ethics

504 computers in context: architecture and construction

506 review activities

506 interactive summary

508 interactive key terms

509 interactive situation ouestions

509 interactive practice tests

510 review on the web

511 student edition labs

chapter 10

databases

on the bookoncd

working with database software lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

514 section a: file and database concepts

514 databases and structured files

514 fields

515 records

517 relationships and cardinality

518 hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented databases

521 quickcheck a

522 section b: data management tools

522 data management software

525 database management systems

527 databases and the web

530 xml documents

532 quickcheck b

533 section c: database design

533 defining fields

537 normalization

539 organizing records

540 designing the interface

542 designing report templates

544 loading data

544 quickcheck c

545 lab: working with database software

546 section d: sql

546 sql basics

548 adding records

549 searching for information

551 updating fields

552 joining tables

553 quickcheck d

554 techtalk: data analysis

557 quickcheck techtalk

558 issue: privacy

560 computers in context: medicine

562 review activities

562 interactive summary

564 interactive key terms

565 interactive situation questions

565 interactive practice tests

566 review on the web

567 student edition labs

chapter 11

computer programming

on the bookoncd

using a visual development environment lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

570 section a: programming basics

570 computer programming and software engineering

572 programming languages and paradigms

576 program planning

577 program coding

581 program testing and documentation

582 quickcheck a

583 lab: using a visual development environment

564 section b: procedural programming

584 algorithms

587 expressing an algorithm

590 sequence, selection, and repetition controls

595 procedural languages and applications

596 quickcheck b

597 section c: object-oriented programming

597 objects and classes

599 inheritance

600 methods and messages

604 object-oriented program structure

606 object-oriented languages and applications

607 quickcheck c

608 section d: declarative programming

608 the declarative paradigm

609 prolog facts

613 prolog rules

616 input capabilities

618 debugging with trace

618 declarative languages and applications

619 quickcheck d

620 techtalk: programming tools

623 quickcheck techtalk

624 issue: human factors

626 computers in context: agriculture

628 review activities

628 interactive summary

630 interactive key terms

631 interactive situation questions

631 interactive practice tests

632 review on the web

633 student edition labs

chapter 12

beyond desktop computing

on the bookoncd

grid computing lab

interactive review activities

interactive figures

on the web

interactive overview, pre-assessment, and learning objectives

infoweblinks

techtv video project

projects, study tips, and online games

student edition labs

636 section a: large-scale computing

636 enterprise computing

641 high-performance computing

643 quickcheck a

644 section b: components of large-scale computing systems

644 enterprise hardware

650 hpc hardware

653 enterprise software

655 hpc software

656 quickcheck b

657 section c: enterprise and high-performance architecture

657 centralized architecture

659 distributed architecture

661 tiered architecture

662 grid architecture

665 clustering

667 quickcheck c

668 lab: grid computing

669 section d: quality of service

669 reliability, availability, and serviceability

671 risk management

674 data centers

675 disaster recovery plans

676 quickcheck d

677 techtalk: hierarchical storage management

679 quickcheck techtalk

680 issue: donate cpu cycles

682 computers in context: banking

684 review activities

684 interactive summary

686 interactive key terms

687 interactive situation questions

687 interactive practice tests

688 review on the web

689 student edition labs

69o techbuzz

698 qulckcheck answers

702 photo credits

704 glossary

732 index