CCNP Routing Study Guide

about the contributors

acknowledgments

preface

introduction


1 ip routing fundamentals

routing protocols and their placement in the ip sack

routing information protocol

interior gateway routing protocol

enhanced interior gateway routing protocol

open shortest path first protocol

exercise 1-1: routing protocols

border gateway protocol

key information for routers to route data

what is routing?

requirement for ip routing

exercise l-2: making ip routing work

the two major functions of routing

comparing distance-vector protocols to link-state routing protocols

classful vs. classless routing

.distance-vector routing protocol characteristics

exercise 1-3: configuring igrp

link-state routing protocol characteristics

convergence issues for ip routing protocols

two-minute drill

q&a self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


2 ip addressing issues

requests for comments dealing with ip addressing issues

rfc 950: ip. subnet masking

rfc 15 18: route summarization

rfcs 1519 and 2050: classless interdomain routing

rfc 1631 : network address translation

rfc 1812: variable-length subnet masks

b.fc 1918: address allocation for private internets

ip addressing

ip address classes

rfc 1918: private address space

subnetting overview

issues with ip addressing

ip addressing choices

exercise 2.1 : subnetting

review of complex subnetting

variable-length subnet masking

exercise 2-2: applying vlsm

route summarization

what is route summarization?

considerations for summarization

rules for summarization

route summarization walkthrough

classless interdomain routing

cidr walkthrough

exercise 2-3: summarizing 192. 168. 1.0 through 192.168.1o.0

exercise 2-4; creating a cidr block

related ip addressing commands

the ip unnumbered command

the ip helper-address command

exercise 2-5: using the ip helper-address and ip forward-protocol commands to forward broadcasts for dns

two-minute drill

q&a self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


3 ospf operation and configuration for a single ospf area

introduction to ospf

benefits of ospf in comparison to dv protocols

scalability

flexibility

summarized advertisement

vism

incremental routing updates

faster routing convergence

exercise 3-1: ospf benefits

other benefits

decision making

the complete picture

how ospf discovers, chooses, and maintains routes

ospf concepts

exercise 3-2: ospf timers

ospf neighbor relationships

building an ospf neighbor relationship

elements that must match for a neighbor relationship to happen

ospf states in building a neighbor relationship

ospf packet types

lsa types

shortest path first algorithm and route selection

ospf lsa propagation

walk-through of an lsa through a designated router

the ospf decision tree when receiving an lsa

configuring ospf in a single area

the router ospf [process-id] command

the network command and the wildcard mask

ospf selection of a router id

exercise 3-3: adding networks to the ospf process

trade-offs and the loopback address

the ospf cost interface command

monitoring and verifying ospf operations

the show ip protocols command

the show ip route command

the show ip ospf interface command

the show ip ospf command

the show ip ospf neighbor command

the show ip ospf neighbor detail command

the debug ip ospf adj command

exercise 3-4: listing the contents of ospf databases

two-minute drill

q8ea self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


4 ospf behavior and con8guratien for wide area network

ospf behavior over a wan link

ospf behavior on an hdlc or ppp link

exercise 4-1: basic ospf configuration (single area)

ospf configuration and behavior on a x.25 link

ospf configuration and behavior on broadcast networks

topology choices for an nbma network-specifically, frame relay

frame relay and ospf

ospf network types and nbma network

frame relay logical interfaces vs. physical interfaces

dr elections over nbma network

standard-based (rfc-based) implementation and operation of ospf for all nb}via network

the nonbroadcast multiaccess command option

the point-to-multipoint command option

exercise 4-2: point-to-multipoint networks and ospf

cisco proprietary modes of implementation and operation of ospf for an nbma network

the neighbor command

the point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast command

the broadcast command

the point-to-point command

exercise 4-3 : a point-to-multipoint network without broadcast capabilities

two-minute drill

q&a self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


5 ospf operations in a multiarea network

scalability issues with a single-area ospf network

exercise 5-1: using a multiarea design to control lsa traffic

differentiating among the type of areas, routers, and lsas in an ospf network

functional descriptions of routers in an ospf network

types of ospf link-state advertisements

types of ospf areas

lsa propagation across a standard-area ospf network

lsa propagation across a stab area and standard-area ospf network

lsa propagation across a totally stubby area and standard, area ospf network

benefits of ospf summarization

exercise 5-2: troubleshooting poor backbone performance

configuring a multiarea ospf network

the ospf network statement

the ospf stub command

the ospf abr summarization command

the ospf asbr summary-address command

ospf virtual link

exercise 5-3 troubleshooting the network command

monitoring and verifying ospf operations

exercise 5-4: troubleshooting virtual link

two-minute drill

q8ea self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


6 eicrp operations and configuration

enhanced igrp features and operations

eigb.p and its major features

benefits of eigrp in comparison to other ip routing protocols

eigrp terminology

building eigrp neighbor relationships

eigrp packet types

the neighbor table

eigrp reliability

initial exchange of packets

eigrp route selection and metric calculation

exercise 6-1 : eigrp metric calculation

the diffusing update algorithm

the dual algorithm

feasible distance

advertised distance

feasibility condition

loop avoidance

exercise 6-2: a dual scenario

basic eigrp configuration

the router eigrp command

the network statement

exercise 6-3: basic eigrp configuration

monitoring and verifying eigrp operations

show ip protocols command

show ip route command

show m eigrp neighbors command

show m eigrp topology command

show ip eigrp traffic command

the show ip eigrp events command

the show ip eigrp interface command

the debug eigrp packet command

the debug eigrp neighbor command

the debug eigrp fsm command

exercise 6-4: troubleshooting eigrp operation

two-minute drill

q8ca ser test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


7 advanced eicrp behavior and gonfiguration

considerations for a large-scale network using eigrp

using the proper bandwidth for the wan interfaces

exercise 7-1 : how metrics dictate traffic paths using eigrp

good addressing

hierarchical network design

sufficient memory on the router

sufficient bandwidth on wan interfaces to handle update traffic

limiting the update and query range

eigb.p ip address summarization

disabling automatic summarization

eigrp manual summarization

eigrp load balancing

exercise 7-2 : load balancing unequal cir(committed information rate)

eigrp wan optimization

using bandwidth statement

limiting the percentage of bandwidth eigrp uses

point-to-point subinterfaces with cir per subinterface

multipoint circuit with equal cir per neighbor

multipoint circuit with unequal cir per neighbor(not recommended)

multipoint circuit with unequal cir per neighbor(recommended)

exercise 7.3: configuring frame relay

eigrp query issues

the eigrp query process

limiting the scope of updates and query propagation

two-minute drill

q.8ca self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


8 bgp basic operations and conn8uration

alternatives to bgp

when it is appropriate to use bgp

when it is not appropriate to use bgp

static and default routes

exercise 8-1 : reasons for using and not using bgp, and using a default route with bgp

understanding the border gateway protocol

what is an exterior routing protocol?

border gateway protocol version 4 and how it differs from its predecessors

an autonomous system in relation to bgp

the internet and routing

bgp terminology and characteristics

bgp peering

what is a bgp attribute?

bgp attributes

bgp synchronization

bgp message types

bgp route selection process

exercise 8-2: identifying massage formats and purposes

configuring basic bgp

the router bgp autonomous-system command

the network statement under router bgp

the neighbor command

bgp basic configuration

the neighbob. next-hop-self command

the no synchronizauon command

the aggregate address command

the clear ip bgp command

bgp configuration

exercise 8.3: resetting peer connections

monitoring bgp operations

the show ip protocols command

the show ip route command

the show ip bgp neighbors command

the show ip bgp command

the show ip bgp summary command

the debug ip bgp updates command

exercise 8-4: monitoring bgp

two-minute drill

q8ea self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


9 bgp scalability issues

salability issues and solutions with ibgp

peering with ibgp neighbors

contrasting ibgp behavior to an igp method of propagating changes

scalability issues with ibgp neighbors

route reflectors as a scalability solution

route reflector terminology

route reflector design and migration tips

route reflector operations

route reflector configuration

exercise 9.1: route reflector redundancy

verifying route reflectors

policy control

defining prefix lists

benefits of prefix lists

prefix list operations

configuring prefix lists

exercise 9-2: prefix list configuration

prefix list example

verifying prefix lists

multihoming

types of multihoming

default routes from all providers

limited bgp table and default route from each provider

full bgp table from aii providers

bgp metric commands

exercise 9-3: combining multihoming methods

a multihoming bgp configuration example

redistribution with igps

notifying bgp of which network to advertise

using the network command

redistributing static routes into bgp

redistributing dynamic routing protocols into bgp

redistribution of bgp into a local routing protocol

exercise 9-4: redistribution of bgp into igp

isp policy on redistribution

end autonomous systems policy on redistribution

two-minute drill

q&a self test

lab question

ser test answers

lab answer


1o route filtering and redisttribution

selecting and configuring ways to control route update traffic

when to use redistribution

redistribution considerations

exercise 10-1: the case of the missing routes

configuring route bedistribution with a single redistribution gateway

selecting the core and edge routing protocols

configuring redistribution into rip

configuring redistribution into ospf

configuring redistribution into eigrp

eigrp and ospf redistribution example

configuring the default-metric

configuring the passive-interface command

configuring static routes

exercise 10-2: the correct filter

configuring route redistribution will multiple redistribution gateways

resolving path selection problems resulting from redistribution

solutions for path selection problems

using route filtering

using administrative distance

verifying route redistribution

the show ip route command

exercise 10-4: selective route display

the traceroute command

two-minute drill

q&a self test

lab question

ser test answers

lab answer


11 policy-based routing and route naps

understanding policy-based routing

defining policy-based routing

reasons to use policy-based routing .

types of policy-based routing

exercise 11-1 : creating a policy route to force the next-hop address

operations of route maps

defining route maps

comparison between route maps and access lists

exercise 11-2: setting the default next-hop ip address with a policy route

configuring route maps

creating a route-map command

linking a route map to an interface

conclusion

exercise 11-3: using ip policy routing to assign a physical interface as a default gateway

verifying route maps

the show ip policy command

the show route-map command

exercise 11-4: using the show ip policy and show route-map commands

two-minute drill

q&a self test

lab question

self test answers

lab answer


a about the cd

installing certtrainer

system requirements

certtrainer

examsim

saving scores as cookies

e-book

drivetime

help

upgrading

glossary

index