简介
Handbook of International Feminisms Perspectives on Psychology, Women, Culture, and Rights 聽 Alexandra Rutherford, Rose Capdevila, U. Vindhya, and Ingrid Palmary, Editors 聽 Although feminism has influenced psychological theory and practice across much of the world, their intersection has rarely been an easy one - particularly in post-colonial, and more recently, globalizing and transnational contexts.聽 The Handbook of International Feminisms offers a dynamic and nuanced picture of the diversity of feminism and its challenges around the world, both inside and outside of academia. 聽 As seen in these pages, the very concept of 鈥榝eminist psychology鈥?varies widely, as do the conditions under which it struggles or flourishes. Resistance to feminism may come from psychology in particular or the culture at large, in clashes between egalitarian ideals and longstanding cultural beliefs and practices that are inimical to women's interests. In some countries, the emergence of psychology and/or feminism is often seen as Western interference rather than welcome innovation. In others, activist psychologists are pressured to downplay aspects of their work or risk marginalization by the mainstream. Throughout this volume, the coverage is balanced between local context and global connection and commitment. Chapters analyze current and historical developments from: 聽 Brazil.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鈥Canada. India.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鈥Spain. Turkey.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鈥Britain. China.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鈥Nordic region. South Africa.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鈥Sri Lanka. Israel.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鈥Pakistan. New Zealand.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鈥United States. 聽 As a comparative study, a call for new lines of communication, or a springboard for future interventions within psychology, the Handbook of International Feminisms is a significant volume for聽 psychologists of women and gender, clinical, social, and developmental psychologists, researchers in women鈥檚 studies, and upper-level students in women鈥檚 studies and behavioral science courses.
目录
Preface 4
Contents 6
Contributors 8
Part I Introduction 10
1 Feminisms and Psychologies: Multiple Meanings, Diverse Practices, and Forging Possibilities in an Age of Globalization 11
\ 13
What Is Feminist Psychology, Who Are Feminist Psychologists, and Where Can You Find Them? 15
Further Notes on Exclusions and Omissions 18
Summing Up 21
References 22
Part II History, Politics, Context 23
2 Searching for Feminism in Psychology in Turkey 24
The History of the Organized Womens Movement in Turkey 24
The Development of a Feminist Perspective in the Social Sciences in Turkey 26
The Scope and Visibility of Feminist Social Sciences in Turkey Today 28
Why Has a Self-Consciously Feminist Psychology Not Developed in Turkey? 32
Growth of a Culturally Grounded Psychology in Turkey and the Case for a ''Familial Self'' 36
The Current Challenges for Women in Turkey 37
The Potential Role of Social Work Applications at Community Centers Towards Women's Empowerment 38
Conclusion 39
References 39
3 Waves of Feminist Psychology in the United States: Politics and Perspectives 44
Forms of Feminism 47
Epistemological Positions of Feminist Psychologists 49
Feminist Empiricists and the Study of Sex Differences 50
The Development of a Feminist Standpoint Perspective 51
Moving Toward the Postmodern 53
Backlash Against Feminism and Feminist Psychology 55
Medicalization of Women's Experiences 57
Evolutionary Psychology 58
The Feminization of Psychology 59
The Impact of Feminist Psychology 59
Postmodernism: The Way Forward? 60
References 61
4 Feminist Changes in Israel 66
Background 67
Feminist Ideas and Historical Changes 68
Feminism and the Hegemonic Socialist Era of Nation Building
Up to the 1970s 68
Feminism and the Liberal Opening to \ 71
Multiculturalism, Globalization, and Its Local Nuances
Since the 1990s 72
Feminism and Gender Identities 76
Gender Identity and Social Action in Israel: Redefining the Social Order? 79
Political Environments and Women's Activism 81
Two Examples: Left- and Right-Wing Activism 82
Summation and Implications 84
Conclusion 84
Notes 85
References 86
5 Feminisms and Psychology in the Contemporary Spanish State 90
Spanish Geopolitical Herstory in a Nutshell 91
Origins of Psychology and Women Pioneers 93
Gender Gaps Within Spanish Academia 95
Women First......Feminist Later? When Words Matter 97
Whats In? Who Is Doing It? 100
Gender/Feminism as Topics Within Psychology Degrees 101
Developmental Psychology and Coeducation 101
Subjectivities 102
Health/Bodies 103
Sexualities/Gender Non-normativities 103
Gender Violence(s) 105
Epistemology and Methodologies 106
\u2026 Is That All? 107
Where Do We Want To Go? Feminist Theorization, Activist Praxis 108
Notes 109
References 110
6 Feminism, Psychology, and Gender Studies: The Brazilian Case 115
Gender Studies in Brazil 116
Institutionalization and Development of Psychology in Brazil 120
Feminism and Psychology 121
Gender Studies and Psychology 123
Gender and Social Psychology in Brazil 123
Role of Interdisciplinarity 125
Masculinity Studies 126
Final Considerations 127
Notes 129
References 130
7 Development of Feminist Psychology: A Pakistani Perspective 134
Historical and Political Overview of Pakistani Society 134
Education and Rights for Women: Establishment of Psychology as an Independent Discipline 136
The Early Period of Feminization of Psychology 139
Expansion of Feminist Views in Psychology 142
Developments in Psychology 144
Research 145
Organization and Reification of Feminist Psychological Work 146
Feminist Views in Psychology 147
Research 149
Concluding Thoughts 150
References 151
Part III Experience 153
8 Feminist Approaches to Psychology in the Nordic Countries: The Fates of Feminism in Psychology in Modern Welfare Societies 154
Psychology and the Nordic Countries 155
Academic Forerunners with Political Connections 156
Institutionalization of Feminism in the Discipline of Psychology 158
Critical Events for Early Feminists in Psychology 159
Development of Topics and Themes in Nordic Feminist Psychology 163
Questioning Gender and Family Relations in Everyday Life 164
Reconsidering Male Dominance and Female Submission 166
Inventive Methodologies for Analyzing Gendered Subjectivities 169
The Contemporary Scene: Cultural Sensitivity and Disciplinary Reflexivity 170
Notes 172
References 172
9 (Re)Locating the Feminist Standpoint in the Practice of Psychology Today: A Case of India 178
Remembering Histories, Feminisms and Forgettings in Psychology 178
Fort-da:1 Feminism in India 178
Power and Its Discontents 181
Women Without Needs: An Experience with Social Workers in Gujarat 181
Gender, Power, and Subjectivity: Or How Psychology Reached Its Limits 183
Not Yet a Field of Its Own: Indian Psychology and Feminism 184
Up Against the Wall: Setting Up Women Against Women 185
Incommunicado, Again and Again! 186
Situating Herstory/History: Choked Voices of the Kutchi Girl Child 187
Feminization of Education and Appropriation of Women's Voices 188
Women in a Colonized Terrain
As a Mute ''Subject'' 188
Disciplining Psychology 190
Notes 192
References 193
10 Shaping Feminist Psychologies in Aotearoa: History, Paradox, Transformation 197
Colonizing and Enabling Education 198
Institutionalizing Biculturalism 200
Feminist Alliances, Tensions and Critiques 202
Breaking the Silence 205
The \ 207
Shaping Voices: After the Silence is Broken 209
Transforming Education 213
Feminist Multiplicity 214
Notes 216
References 217
11 Psychology, Women, and Political Practice in Britain 221
Preface 221
The Birth of POWS 222
POWS and Its Others 224
Preamble 226
Beginnings 227
WIPS and POWS: From Differentiation to Autonomy and Proliferation? 228
Lost Connections 230
General Lessons from the Outside In 232
Material Shifts, Shifting Material 234
Systematizing and Navigating Current Positions 234
Which Women and Why? 237
Audience and Accountability 238
Afterwords (Are Actions) 239
Notes 242
References 243
Part IV Specificity 246
12 South African Psychology and Gender: An Analysis of the SAJP and PINS Journals 1994--2009 247
Background and Context 248
Theoretical Framework 249
Feminist Politics and Research in South Africa: A Brief Overview 249
Feminist Challenge to Mainstream and Critical Psychology 251
Psychosocial Approaches to (Gendered) Subjectivity: What Relevance for Feminist Work? 252
The Journals 254
Discussion: Feminist Psychology in South Africa (1994--2009) 254
Emergent Themes 255
Gender and HIV/AIDS Research 255
Gender and Violence 257
Masculinity Studies 260
Concluding Thoughts 263
Note 264
References 264
13 Feminist Psychology in China 268
Development of Feminism in China 268
Origins of Feminism in China 268
Liberation Thoughts in The New Culture Movement (~1915--1923) 268
Women's Voice lost in the Nationalism Movement (~1927--1949) 269
The Gender-Neutral Era from the Founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) to China's Adoption of Open Policy (~1949--1979) 270
Development of Feminism in Contemporary China (1980 to the Present) 271
Chinese Feminist Psychology 272
What is Feminist Psychology? 272
Recent Research in Feminist Psychology in China 273
Gender Stereotypes 273
Work--Family Interference 275
Women Home Alone 278
Domestic Violence 279
One-Child Policy 281
Challenges of Feminist Psychology in China 284
Identity of ''Chinese Feminist'' 284
How to Construct ''Our'' Theories 284
How to Develop Interdisciplinary Methods 285
References 286
14 Canadian Perspectives on Feminism and Psychology 292
Locating Canadian Academic Psychology Within the Canada-U.S. Context 293
The Origins and Development of Feminist Psychology 296
Organizing in the Academy 296
Developing Feminist Practice 298
The Current Institutional Status of Feminist Psychology 300
Research Trends in Feminist Psychology in Canada 302
Conclusions 306
References 307
15 Present but Unnamed: Feminisms and Psychologies in Sri Lanka 313
Women's Status and Women's Rights 315
Feminisms, Feminists, and Gender Activists 316
Psychology in Sri Lanka: A Protracted Gestation 318
Feminisms and Psychologies in Humanitarian Organizations 319
Women's Empowerment Programme: Feminist Psychology by Other Means 320
Women In Need: Countering Gendered Power in Marital Relations 322
Nest: Stretching the Boundaries of Community Mental Health 324
In Retrospect: Commonalities and Differences 327
Conclusion 328
References 330
About the Contributors 332
Index 340
Contents 6
Contributors 8
Part I Introduction 10
1 Feminisms and Psychologies: Multiple Meanings, Diverse Practices, and Forging Possibilities in an Age of Globalization 11
\ 13
What Is Feminist Psychology, Who Are Feminist Psychologists, and Where Can You Find Them? 15
Further Notes on Exclusions and Omissions 18
Summing Up 21
References 22
Part II History, Politics, Context 23
2 Searching for Feminism in Psychology in Turkey 24
The History of the Organized Womens Movement in Turkey 24
The Development of a Feminist Perspective in the Social Sciences in Turkey 26
The Scope and Visibility of Feminist Social Sciences in Turkey Today 28
Why Has a Self-Consciously Feminist Psychology Not Developed in Turkey? 32
Growth of a Culturally Grounded Psychology in Turkey and the Case for a ''Familial Self'' 36
The Current Challenges for Women in Turkey 37
The Potential Role of Social Work Applications at Community Centers Towards Women's Empowerment 38
Conclusion 39
References 39
3 Waves of Feminist Psychology in the United States: Politics and Perspectives 44
Forms of Feminism 47
Epistemological Positions of Feminist Psychologists 49
Feminist Empiricists and the Study of Sex Differences 50
The Development of a Feminist Standpoint Perspective 51
Moving Toward the Postmodern 53
Backlash Against Feminism and Feminist Psychology 55
Medicalization of Women's Experiences 57
Evolutionary Psychology 58
The Feminization of Psychology 59
The Impact of Feminist Psychology 59
Postmodernism: The Way Forward? 60
References 61
4 Feminist Changes in Israel 66
Background 67
Feminist Ideas and Historical Changes 68
Feminism and the Hegemonic Socialist Era of Nation Building
Up to the 1970s 68
Feminism and the Liberal Opening to \ 71
Multiculturalism, Globalization, and Its Local Nuances
Since the 1990s 72
Feminism and Gender Identities 76
Gender Identity and Social Action in Israel: Redefining the Social Order? 79
Political Environments and Women's Activism 81
Two Examples: Left- and Right-Wing Activism 82
Summation and Implications 84
Conclusion 84
Notes 85
References 86
5 Feminisms and Psychology in the Contemporary Spanish State 90
Spanish Geopolitical Herstory in a Nutshell 91
Origins of Psychology and Women Pioneers 93
Gender Gaps Within Spanish Academia 95
Women First......Feminist Later? When Words Matter 97
Whats In? Who Is Doing It? 100
Gender/Feminism as Topics Within Psychology Degrees 101
Developmental Psychology and Coeducation 101
Subjectivities 102
Health/Bodies 103
Sexualities/Gender Non-normativities 103
Gender Violence(s) 105
Epistemology and Methodologies 106
\u2026 Is That All? 107
Where Do We Want To Go? Feminist Theorization, Activist Praxis 108
Notes 109
References 110
6 Feminism, Psychology, and Gender Studies: The Brazilian Case 115
Gender Studies in Brazil 116
Institutionalization and Development of Psychology in Brazil 120
Feminism and Psychology 121
Gender Studies and Psychology 123
Gender and Social Psychology in Brazil 123
Role of Interdisciplinarity 125
Masculinity Studies 126
Final Considerations 127
Notes 129
References 130
7 Development of Feminist Psychology: A Pakistani Perspective 134
Historical and Political Overview of Pakistani Society 134
Education and Rights for Women: Establishment of Psychology as an Independent Discipline 136
The Early Period of Feminization of Psychology 139
Expansion of Feminist Views in Psychology 142
Developments in Psychology 144
Research 145
Organization and Reification of Feminist Psychological Work 146
Feminist Views in Psychology 147
Research 149
Concluding Thoughts 150
References 151
Part III Experience 153
8 Feminist Approaches to Psychology in the Nordic Countries: The Fates of Feminism in Psychology in Modern Welfare Societies 154
Psychology and the Nordic Countries 155
Academic Forerunners with Political Connections 156
Institutionalization of Feminism in the Discipline of Psychology 158
Critical Events for Early Feminists in Psychology 159
Development of Topics and Themes in Nordic Feminist Psychology 163
Questioning Gender and Family Relations in Everyday Life 164
Reconsidering Male Dominance and Female Submission 166
Inventive Methodologies for Analyzing Gendered Subjectivities 169
The Contemporary Scene: Cultural Sensitivity and Disciplinary Reflexivity 170
Notes 172
References 172
9 (Re)Locating the Feminist Standpoint in the Practice of Psychology Today: A Case of India 178
Remembering Histories, Feminisms and Forgettings in Psychology 178
Fort-da:1 Feminism in India 178
Power and Its Discontents 181
Women Without Needs: An Experience with Social Workers in Gujarat 181
Gender, Power, and Subjectivity: Or How Psychology Reached Its Limits 183
Not Yet a Field of Its Own: Indian Psychology and Feminism 184
Up Against the Wall: Setting Up Women Against Women 185
Incommunicado, Again and Again! 186
Situating Herstory/History: Choked Voices of the Kutchi Girl Child 187
Feminization of Education and Appropriation of Women's Voices 188
Women in a Colonized Terrain
As a Mute ''Subject'' 188
Disciplining Psychology 190
Notes 192
References 193
10 Shaping Feminist Psychologies in Aotearoa: History, Paradox, Transformation 197
Colonizing and Enabling Education 198
Institutionalizing Biculturalism 200
Feminist Alliances, Tensions and Critiques 202
Breaking the Silence 205
The \ 207
Shaping Voices: After the Silence is Broken 209
Transforming Education 213
Feminist Multiplicity 214
Notes 216
References 217
11 Psychology, Women, and Political Practice in Britain 221
Preface 221
The Birth of POWS 222
POWS and Its Others 224
Preamble 226
Beginnings 227
WIPS and POWS: From Differentiation to Autonomy and Proliferation? 228
Lost Connections 230
General Lessons from the Outside In 232
Material Shifts, Shifting Material 234
Systematizing and Navigating Current Positions 234
Which Women and Why? 237
Audience and Accountability 238
Afterwords (Are Actions) 239
Notes 242
References 243
Part IV Specificity 246
12 South African Psychology and Gender: An Analysis of the SAJP and PINS Journals 1994--2009 247
Background and Context 248
Theoretical Framework 249
Feminist Politics and Research in South Africa: A Brief Overview 249
Feminist Challenge to Mainstream and Critical Psychology 251
Psychosocial Approaches to (Gendered) Subjectivity: What Relevance for Feminist Work? 252
The Journals 254
Discussion: Feminist Psychology in South Africa (1994--2009) 254
Emergent Themes 255
Gender and HIV/AIDS Research 255
Gender and Violence 257
Masculinity Studies 260
Concluding Thoughts 263
Note 264
References 264
13 Feminist Psychology in China 268
Development of Feminism in China 268
Origins of Feminism in China 268
Liberation Thoughts in The New Culture Movement (~1915--1923) 268
Women's Voice lost in the Nationalism Movement (~1927--1949) 269
The Gender-Neutral Era from the Founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) to China's Adoption of Open Policy (~1949--1979) 270
Development of Feminism in Contemporary China (1980 to the Present) 271
Chinese Feminist Psychology 272
What is Feminist Psychology? 272
Recent Research in Feminist Psychology in China 273
Gender Stereotypes 273
Work--Family Interference 275
Women Home Alone 278
Domestic Violence 279
One-Child Policy 281
Challenges of Feminist Psychology in China 284
Identity of ''Chinese Feminist'' 284
How to Construct ''Our'' Theories 284
How to Develop Interdisciplinary Methods 285
References 286
14 Canadian Perspectives on Feminism and Psychology 292
Locating Canadian Academic Psychology Within the Canada-U.S. Context 293
The Origins and Development of Feminist Psychology 296
Organizing in the Academy 296
Developing Feminist Practice 298
The Current Institutional Status of Feminist Psychology 300
Research Trends in Feminist Psychology in Canada 302
Conclusions 306
References 307
15 Present but Unnamed: Feminisms and Psychologies in Sri Lanka 313
Women's Status and Women's Rights 315
Feminisms, Feminists, and Gender Activists 316
Psychology in Sri Lanka: A Protracted Gestation 318
Feminisms and Psychologies in Humanitarian Organizations 319
Women's Empowerment Programme: Feminist Psychology by Other Means 320
Women In Need: Countering Gendered Power in Marital Relations 322
Nest: Stretching the Boundaries of Community Mental Health 324
In Retrospect: Commonalities and Differences 327
Conclusion 328
References 330
About the Contributors 332
Index 340
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