On being different : diversity and multiculturalism in the North American mainstream / 2nd ed.

Table Of Contents:

List of Boxes xiii
About the Authors xiv
Preface xvii

Introduction 1(10)

American Culture and Cultures 6(1)

The Anthropological Perspective 7(4)

Science, Humanities, and Mirror for Humanity 9(2)

Culture 11(19)

Culture and Its Aspects 14(8)

Unifying Factors in Contemporary American Culture 22(3)

Football 25(1)

Anthropology and American Pop Culture 26(1)

Mechanisms of Cultural Change 27(1)

The Uses of Culture 28(2)

Globalization, Identity, and Affinity 30(14)

Identity Politics and Globalization 33(3)

The Decline Of Government 33(1)

Trade and Globalization 34(1)

Antiglobalization 35(1)

Multilocality and Media 36(2)

NGOs and Rights Movements 38(3)

Diasporas and Postmodernity 41(1)

Agency 42(2)

The Multicultural Society 44(19)

The Power of Culture 46(1)

Conceptualizing Cultural Diversity 47(4)

Assimilation 48(1)

Pluralism 49(1)

Multiculturalism 50(1)

Theory of Multiculturalism 51(8)

Sociocultural Transformation 52(1)

Multiculturalism in the North American Mainstream 53(3)

The Center of Cultural Production 56(1)

Agency and Resistance 57(2)

Multiculturalism: The Master Movement 59(4)

Ethnicity 63(21)

Ethnicity and Social Statuses 66(3)

Status Shifting 67(2)

Ethnic Groups, Nations, and Nationalities 69(2)

Nationalities and Imagined Communities 70(1)

Ethnic Tolerance and Accommodation 71(6)

Cultural Assimilation 71(1)

The Plural Society 71(1)

Multiculturalism and Ethnic Identity 72(5)

Roots of Ethnic Conflict 77(7)

Prejudice and Discrimination 77(2)

Chips in the Mosaic 79(2)

Aftermaths of Oppression 81(3)

Race: Its Social Construction 84(20)

Race and Racism 87(4)

Race, Ethnicity, and Culture 91(1)

The Cultural Construction of Race 92(12)

Hypodescent: Race in the United States 92(3)

Changes in North American Racial Classification 95(2)

Not Us: Race in Japan 97(3)

Phenotype and Fluidity: Race in Brazil 100(4)

Race: Its Biological Dimensions 104(17)

Racial Classification 106(3)

Explanatory Approaches to Human Biological Diversity 109(2)

Explaining Skin Color 109(2)

Lactose Intolerance 111(1)

The Case for Cultural versus Biological Determination of Physical Attractiveness and Sports Abilities 111(3)

The Case for Cultural versus Biological Determination of Intelligence 114(7)

Testing and Affirmative Action 118(3)

Religion 121(21)

Church and State 123(2)

Politics and Religion 125(1)

Religion and Solidarity 125(4)

Ritualized Changes in Status and Identity 126(3)

Religious Diversity 129(7)

The World's Major Religions 131(2)

Protestant Values 133(2)

Social Control 135(1)

Religion and Change 136(6)

New and Alternative Religious Movements 137(3)

Secular Religion 140(2)

Gender 142(18)

Nature, Nurture, and Gender 144(2)

Gender Roles, Stratification, and the Economy 146(7)

Gender among Foragers (Hunter-Gatherers) 147(2)

Gender among Horticulturists 149(1)

Reduced Gender Stratification---Matrilineal, Matrilocal Societies 149(1)

Reduced Gender Stratification---Matrifocal Societies 150(1)

Increased Gender Stratification---Patrilineal-Patrilocal Societies 151(1)

Homosexual Behavior among the Etoro 152(1)

Patriarchy and Violence 153(1)

Gender and Industrialism 153(5)

The Feminization of Poverty 156(2)

What Determines Variation in Gender Issues? 158(2)

The Impact of the Mass Media on Sex-Gender Roles 158(2)

Sexual Orientation 160(18)

The Nature and Culture of Sexual Orientation 162(4)

Changing Patterns and Views of Sexual Orientation 166(2)

Varieties of Human Sexuality 168(2)

The Social Construction of Sexual Orientation 170(3)

The Political Organization of Sexual Orientation 173(5)

Age and Generation 178(18)

Ages and Cohorts 181(4)

The Generation Gap 185(2)

An Aging Population 187(3)

The Aging Process 190(2)

Intergenerational Conflict 192(1)

The Social Construction of Childhood 193(3)

Bodies, Fitness, and Health 196(16)

Culture and the Body 199(5)

Well and Sick Bodies 204(3)

People with Disabilities 207(2)

Mental Health 209(1)

Health and Healing in Cyberspace 210(2)

Class 212(19)

Class in America 214(1)

Forms of Socioeconomic Stratification 215(5)

Industrial Stratification 216(1)

Poverty and Homelessness 217(3)

Closed Class Systems 220(1)

Domination, Hegemony, and Resistance 220(3)

Class and Values across Cultures 223(5)

Portrayals of Class in the Mainstream Media 225(3)

Diversity within Social Categories 228(3)

Where We Live 231(19)

Regional Diversity 234(1)

Geographic Mobility 235(6)

Cities and Urbanites 241(2)

Region and the Income Gap 243(2)

Urban Ethnic Groups, Poverty, and Crime 245(2)

The American Periphery 247(3)

Speech 250(15)

Linguistic Relativism 252(1)

Sociolinguistics: The Study of Linguistic Diversity 253(9)

Gender Speech Contrasts 254(2)

Stratification and Symbolic Domination 256(3)

Black English Vernacular (BEV), a.k.a. Ebonics 259(3)

Education and Linguistic Diversity 262(3)

Family Background 265(18)

Changing North American Families 268(1)

All Sorts of Families 269(5)

Family and Work 274(1)

Media and the Family 275(2)

The Cult of Childhood ``Success'' 277(3)

Kinship and Class 280(2)

Family Diversity 282(1)

Conclusion 283

Using Culture to Build Humanity 285

From Civil Rights to Human Rights 288

Human Agency as a Prime Mover of Social Reform 290
Glossary G-1
Bibliography B
Photo Credits P-1
Index I-1