Reader's Guide ..................................... ix
Industrial Revolution Timeline............. xiii
Chapter 1: Economic Theory 1
Adam Smith........................................... 3
Excerpt from An Inquiry into the Nature and
Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776 ................6
From the work of the British economist still cited
today in defense of free market economics.
Andrew Ure ......................................... 13
Excerpt from The Philosophy of Manufactures;
or, an Exposition of the Scientific, Moral, and
Commercial Economy of the Factory System
of Great Britain, 1835 ............................. 15
An argument advocating the benefits of factory work
to laborers.
Karl Marx ......................................... 21
Excerpt from The Communist Manifesto, 1848 ......... 24
The core document of communism by the German
philosopher.



Andrew Carnegie..................................... 34
Excerpt from "Wealth," 1889 ........................ 36
A defense of wealth and capitalism.
Chapter 2: Technological Advances and Criticisms.... 45
Thomas Savery ...................................... 47
Excerpt from The Miner's Friend; or, An Engine
to Raise Water by Fire, 1702 ....................... 49
The author documents the uses of his steam engine.
The Workers and Merchants of Leeds ..................54
"Yorkshire Cloth Workers' Petition," 1786........... 57
"Leeds Cloth Merchant Proclamation in
Support of Machinery," 1791 ........................59
Documents against and for the use of machines to
produce goods.
The Luddites and Charlotte Bronti .................. 63
Luddite letter threatening an owner of textile
machines, 1811 ......................................66
A Luddite oath, 1811. .............................. 67
A Luddite threat, 1811 .............................67
An address from the framework knitters to
the gentlemen hosiers of the town of
Nottingham, 1811. .................................. 68
Follow-up letter (fragment) allegedly written
by Ned Ludd, 1811 .................................. 69
Excerpt from Charlotte Bronte's Shirley,
a Tale, 1849 ....................................... 69
Letters, an oath, and a novel shed light on
machine-breakers.
Newspaper Accounts Regarding the Telegraph.......... 75
"The Age of Miracles," 1848 ........................ 79
"Newspaper Enterprise-Extraordinary Express
from Lexington, Kentucky," 1844..................... 80
Newspaper clipping, title unknown, c. 1844 ......... 82
Articles saved by Samuel F. B. Morse and preserved
by the Library of Congress.
J. D. B. Stillman .................................. 85
Excerpt from "The Last Tie," 1869 .................. 90
An eyewitness's creative depiction of the
completion of the transcontinental railroad.



Chapter 3: Working Conditions ...................... 99
Michael Sadler ....................................101
Excerpt from the Sadler Report, 1833 ............. 103
Testimony about working conditions given to a
member of the British Parliament.
Samuel Gompers .................................... 112
Excerpt from "Tenement-House Cigar
Manufacture," 1881 ................................ 114
Article documenting the squalid living and working
conditions of cigar makers.
Emile Zola ....................................... 123
Excerpts from Germinal, 1885 ...................... 126
Novel describing work in a French coal mine.
Upton Sinclair. ....................................135
Excerpts from The Jungle, 1906..................... 138
A story of European immigrants working in
Chicago's stockyards.
Jane Addams ....................................... 146
Excerpts from Twenty Years at Hull-House, with
Autobiographical Notes, 1910....................... 148
Writings of the woman regarded as America's
first social worker.
William G. Shepherd ............................... 156
"Eyewitness at the Triangle," 1911................. 158
A journalistic account of the factory fire.
Camella Teoli ..................................... 164
Excerpt from U.S. Congressional Hearings,
March 2-7, 1912 ................................... 168
Testimony of a child laborer.
Chapter 4: Politics and Law. ...................... 177
Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 1904 .... 179
Excerpt from the United States Supreme
Court decision .................................... 183
Supreme Court upholds the right of the U.S.
government to challenge monopolies.
Progressive Party Documents ....................... 192
Excerpt from the Platform of the Progressive
Party, 1912....................................... 194



Excerpt from Address by Theodore Roosevelt before the Convention of the National Progressive Party in Chicago, 1912. .. 200 The former president makes another run at the White House.