copyright 4
table of contents 5
front matter 12
Contributors 12
Preface 16
1. Extrapituitary Effects of the Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone 18
I. INTRODUCTION 1 19
II. ENDOCRINE ROLE OF GHRH 21
IN CARCINOGENESIS 21
III. VARIOUS CANCERS AND NORMAL TISSUES THAT PRODUCE AND RESPOND TO GHRH 22
IV. DIRECT EFFECTS OF GHRH 24
IN CARCINOGENESIS 24
V. MECHANISM OF ACTION FOR LOCALLY PRODUCED GHRH 30
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 33
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 36
REFERENCES 1 36
2. IRS-1 and Vascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus 42
I. INTRODUCTION 2 43
II. INSULIN RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY 44
III. INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATES 46
IV. SIGNALING PATHWAYS REGULATED BY IRS-1 50
V. IRS-1 AND INSULIN RESISTANCE 59
VI. THE ROLE OF IRS-1 IN ATHEROTHROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS 63
VII. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 68
APPENDIX 2 69
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 70
REFERENCES 2 70
3. Structural and Functional Properties of CCN Proteins 85
I. DISCOVERY OF THE CCN GENE FAMILY 86
II. CCN FAMILY MODULAR STRUCTURE 88
III. CCN FAMILY AND HEPARIN INTERACTIONS 90
IV. CCN GENE FAMILY AND INTEGRINS 91
V. CCN2 BINDING TO LRP 93
VI. CCN GENE FAMILY AND INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING 93
VII. THE LINK BETWEEN TGF-AND CCN2 94
VIII. CCN GENE FAMILY ACTION IN NORMAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 96
IX. CCN PROTEIN ACTION IN PATHOLOGICAL DISEASE PROCESSES 101
X. SUMMARY 107
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3 107
REFERENCES 3 108
4. Stanniocalcin: No Longer Just a Fish Tale 120
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 4 121
II. EARLY STUDIES ON THE DISCOVERY AND 122
FUNCTION OF STANNIOCALCIN IN FISH 122
III. THE DISCOVERY OF MAMMALIAN STANNIOCALCIN 124
IV. THE SEQUESTERING HYPOTHESIS 133
V. FUTURE DIRECTIONS 142
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4 144
REFERENCES 4 145
5. Thyroid Hormone Transporters 151
I. INTRODUCTION 5 152
II. THYROID HORMONE TRANSPORTERS 155
III. CONCLUSIONS 5 176
REFERENCES 5 177
6. Phytoestrogens and Colorectal Cancer Prevention 182
I. INTRODUCTION 6 183
II. PHYTOESTROGENS 184
III. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 187
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS 203
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6 204
REFERENCES 6 204
7. Transcriptional Activities of Retinoic Acid Receptors 212
I. INTRODUCTION 7 213
II. RETINOID PHYSIOLOGY 214
III. RETINOID-BINDING PROTEINS 216
IV. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS: THE TRANSACTIVATION PROCESS 220
V. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS: THE TRANSREPRESSION PROCESS 247
VI. NONGENOMIC EFFECTS OF RETINOIDS 252
VII. CONCLUSION 7 253
REFERENCES 7 253
8. Biochemical and Ionic Signaling Mechanismsfor ACTH-Stimulated Cortisol Production 278
I. INTRODUCTION 8 279
II. ACTH RECEPTORS: cAMP- AND CA2+ DEPENDENT SIGNALING 280
III. IONIC MECHANISMS IN ACTH-STIMULATED CORTISOL SECRETION 282
IV. CHRONIC CONTROL OF ION CHANNEL EXPRESSION BY ACTH IN AZF CELLS 286
V. SUMMARY AND PROSPECTS 8 287
REFERENCES 8 289
9. ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Their Role in Nuclear Receptor-Dependent Transcription In Vivo 293
I. INTRODUCTION 9 294
II. ATP-DEPENDENT CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEXES 299
III. ATP-DEPENDENT CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEXES AND THEIR ROLE IN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTION 303
IV. CONCLUSIONS 9 310
REFERENCES 9 311
10. Novel Roles for Acylation Stimulating Protein/C3adesArg: A Review of Recent In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence 320
I. INTRODUCTION 10 321
II. ASP PRODUCTION 322
III. ASP FUNCTION AND ROLE IN METABOLISM 323
IV. ASP EFFECTS ON INSULIN, CYTOKINE, AND PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETION 335
V. DISCUSSION 337
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 10 338
APPENDIX: ABBREVIATIONS 10 338
REFERENCES 10 339
11. STAT3 and Transactivation of Steroid Hormone Receptors 344
I. INTRODUCTION 11 344
II. STAT STRUCTURE 345
III. MECHANISMS OF STAT ACTIVATION AND REGULATION 348
IV. THE JAK/STAT PATHWAY IN NONMAMMALIAN SYSTEMS 355
V. STATS IN HUMAN MALIGNANCY 357
VI. STAT3 AND STEROID HORMONE RECEPTOR ACTIVATION 359
VII. CONCLUSION 11 361
REFERENCES 11 361
12. Coactivators in Gene Regulation by STAT5 369
I. SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION BY STAT5 370
II. PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF STAT5 373
III. STRUCTURE AND DNA-BINDING OF STAT5 374
IV. TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION BY STAT5 376
V. INTERACTION OF STAT5 WITH OTHER SIGNALING PATHWAYS 384
VI. REGULATION OF STAT5 TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY BY SECONDARY MODIFICATIONS 386
VII. CONCLUSIONS 12 388
REFERENCES 12 388
13. New Insights into the Regulation of Mammalian Sex Determination and Male Sex Differentiation 397
I. INTRODUCTION 13 398
II. THE GENETICS OF MALE SEX DETERMINATION 399
III. HORMONAL REGULATION OF MALE SEX DIFFERENTIATION 404
IV. CONCLUSION 13 414
REFERENCES 13 415
14. The Role of Alcohol and Steroid Hormones in Human Aggression 424
I. INTRODUCTION 14 425
II. ALCOHOL 426
III. THE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF AGGRESSION 428
IV. THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON STEROID HORMONES 435
V. CONCLUSIONS 14 436
REFERENCES 14 438
Index 447