Humor Your English Grammar a Trouble - Shooting Guide and Workbook

目 录

unit one: introduction

1 orientation

1.1 words to learners

1.2 regarding rules of grammar

1.3 a happy median

e1 exercises for introduction

2 english — indebted， prestigious and unpredictable

2.1 the indebted status of english: three periods of language development

2.2 the prestigious status of english

2.3 the unpredictable status of english: a poetic complaint

2.4 a gracious attitude

e2 exercises for introduction

unit two: parts of speech

3 seven word classes of english

3.1 seven parts of speech: a table

3.2 common word order and positions

3.3 identifying parts of speech

e3 exercises for parts of speech

4 english nouns

.4.1 the naming function of nouns

4.2 concrete versus abstract nouns

4.3 countable versus uncountable nouns

4.4 common versus proper nouns

4.5 collective nouns

4.6 regular versus irregular nouns

4.7 irregular nouns and their erratic spellings

4.8 useful nounˉmaking suffixes

e4 exercises for nouns

5 english pronouns

5.1 pronouns versus nouns

5.2 personal pronouns

5.3 possessive pronouns

5.4 reflexive pronouns

5.5 demonstrative pronouns

5.6 indefinite pronouns

5.7 interrogative pronouns

5.8 relative pronouns

5.9 expletive pronouns

5.10reciprocal pronouns

e5 exercises for pronouns

6 english verbs

6.1 analyzing verbs in a quotation

6.2 the importance of verbs

6.3 various attributes of english verbs

6.4 transitive versus intransitive verbs

6.5 regular versus irregular verbs

6.6 action， linking and helping verbs

6.7 verbs as tense markers

6.8 productive verbˉmaking affixes

e6 exercises for verbs

7 english adjectives

7.1 semantic functions of adjectives

7.2 attributive versus predicative adjectives

7.3 regular versus irregular adjectives

7.4 the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives

7.5 the gradable status of adjectives

7.6 nominal， phrasal， and sentential adjectives

7.7 productive adjectiveˉmaking affixes

e7 exercises for adjectives

8 english adverbs

8.1 the modifying capability of adverbs

8.2 the semantic coverage of adverbs

8.3 the mobility of adverbs

8.4 conjunctive adverbs

8.5 the adverbˉmaking suffix:ˉly

e8 exercises for adverbs

9 english prepositions

9.1 attributes of prepositions

9.2 singleˉword prepositions

9.3 fixed prepositional phrases

9.4 nonˉfixed prepositional phrases

9.5 grammatical functions of prepositional phrases

e9 exercises for prepositions

10 english conjunctions

10.1 coordinating conjunctions

10.2 correlative conjunctions

10.3 subordinating conjunctions

10.4 conjunctions versus conjunctive adverbs

e10 exercises for conjunctions

unit three: controlling word-level errors

11 wrong verb form:v

11.1 confusing irregular and regular verbs

11.2 confusing past participial and perfect verb forms

11.3 how to tackle wrong verb forms

e11 exercises against wrong verb form

12 wrong pronoun:p

12.1 confusing the two pronoun cases

12.2 confusing the two types of possessive pronouns

12.3 confusing the two types of relative pronouns

12.4 confusing the two types of reciprocal pronouns

e12 exercises against wrong pronoun

13 faulty pronoun reference:pr

13.1 pronouns with no antecedent

13.2 pronouns with more than one antecedent

13.3 pronouns with an unqualified antecedent

13.4 pronouns with an incompatible antecedent

e13 exercises against faulty pronoun reference

14 wrong possessive form:pos

14.1 a test for the possessive case

14.2 rules governing the possessive case

14.3 possessive pronouns versus contracted words

14.4 key points about the possessive form

e14 exercises against wrong possessive form

15 wrong spelling:sp

15.1 useful spelling rules

15.2 （more）ways to improve your spelling

e15 exercises against wrong spelling

16 wrong word choice:w

16.1 understanding wrong word choices

16.2 confusing words that sound alike

16.3 confusing words that look alike

16.4 misunderstanding a word

16.5 being careless

e16 exercises against wrong word choice

unit four: controlling sentence ˉlevel errors

17 requirements for a correct english sentence

17.1 the subject

17.2 the predicate

17.3 more on the defining requirements

e17 exercises for the correct sentence

18 fragment:frag

18.1 the unsettling effect of fragments

18.2 purposeful versus purposeless fragments

18.3 causes of fragments and their solutions

e18 exercises against fragment

19 fused sentence:fs

19.1 overt fused sentences and their solutions

19.2 covert fused sentences and their solutions

e19 exercises against fused sentence

20 comma splice:cs

20.1 the cause of comma splices

20.2 ways to avoid comma splices

e20 exercises against comma splice

21 misplaced modifiers:mm

21.1 modifier defined and classified

21.2 understanding misplaced modifiers

21.3 the rule against misplaced modifiers

e21 exercises against misplaced modifier

22 dangling modifiers:dm

22.1 understanding dangling modifiers

22.2 the dm rule against dangling modifiers

22.3 ways to correct dangling modifiers

e22 exercises against dangling modifier

unit five: controlling inconsistency ˉbased errors

23.1 common situations behind s ˉv errors

23.2 ways to correct s ˉv errors

e23 exercises against subjectˉverb disagreement

24 number disagreement: #ag

24.1 analyzing number disagreement errors

24.2 analyzing writers who make number disagreement errors

24.3 ways to control number disagreement errors

e24 exercises against number disagreement

25 number shift: #s

25.1 the problem with number shift errors

25.2 how to be politically correct without being illogical

e25 exercises against number shift

26 pronoun shift:ps

26.1 a pronoun shift that grants telepathic power

26.2 reasons for avoiding pronoun shifts

26.3 how to fix pronoun shifts

26.4 a contrastive look at personal pronouns

e26 exercises against pronoun shift

27 tense shift:ts

27.1 the various kinds of tenses

27.2 problems with tense shifts

27.3 analyzing tense shifts

27.4 ways to control tense shifts

27.5 acceptable cases for tense shifts

e27 exercises against tense shift

28 mood shift:ms

28.1 understanding the four mood types

28.2 understanding mood shifts

28.3 how to control mood shifts

e28 exercises against mood shift

29 voice shift:vs

29.1 active voice versus passive voice

29.2 understanding voice shifts

29.3 how to control voice shifts

29.4 situations that need passive voice

29.5 using both voices meaningfully

e29 exercises against voice shift

unit six: controlling the english punctuation

30 an overview of english punctuation

30.1 the semantic importance of punctuation

30.2 a unique quote on punctuation

30.3 classifying punctuation marks

e30 exercises for overview

31 ending punctuation marks

31.1 the period （ . ）

31.2 the exclamation mark （ ! ）

31.3 the question mark （ ? ）

31.4 modeling the professional

e31 exercises for ending punctuation marks

32 non-ending punctuation marks

32.1 the comma （ ， ）

32.2 the colon （ : ）

32.3 the semicolon （ ; ）

32.4 the dash （ — ）

32.5 modeling the professional

e32 exercises for nonˉending punctuation marks

33 pairing punctuation marks

33.1 the double quotation marks （ “ ” ）

33.2 the single quotation marks （‘ ’ ）

33.3 the parentheses ［ （ ） ］

33.4 modeling the professional

e33 exercises for pairing punctuation marks

e34 exercises for general punctuation control

appendixes

diagnostic test 1

diagnostic test 2

progress test 1 —word

progress test 2 —verb

progress test 3 —sentence

progress test 4 —punctuation

progress test 5 —general

progress test 6 —bonus

final diagnostic test

keys to self-grading exercises

editing symbols