Table Of Contents:
Preface xiii
Introduction: On the Nature of Morality 1(4)
PART I THE NATURE OF MORALITY: Good and Evil 5(218)

1. What Is the Purpose of Morality? 7(47)

William Golding / Lord of the Flies: A Moral Allegory 8(23)

Louis P. Pojman / On the Nature and Purpose of Morality: Reflections on William Golding's Lord of the Flies 31(10)

Thomas Hobbes / On the State of Nature 41(11)

Further Readings for Chapter 1 52(2)

2. Good and Evil 54(101)

Herman Melville / Billy Budd 57(12)

Fyodor Dostoevsky / Why Is There Evil? 69(6)

William Styron / Sophie's Choice 75(8)

Kevin Bales / The New Slavery 83(10)

Philip Hallie / From Cruelty to Goodness 93(15)

Stanley Bern / Wickedness 108(19)

Friedrich Nietzsche / Beyond Good and Evil 127(14)

Richard Taylor / On the Origin of Good and Evil 141(12)

Further Readings for Chapter 2 153(2)

3. Is Everything Relative? 155(68)

Herodotus / Custom Is King 156(1)

Ruth Benedict / The Case for Moral Relativism 157(9)

Louis P. Pojman / The Case Against Moral Relativism 166(25)

Jean Bethke Elshtain / Judge Not? 191(10)

Henrick Ibsen / The Enemy of the People 201(21)

Further Readings for Chapter 3 222(1)
PART II MORAL THEORIES AND MORAL CHARACTER 223(334)

4. Utilitarianism 227(68)

Seaman Holmes and the Longboat of William Brown, Reported by John William Wallace 229(2)

Jeremy Bentham / Classical Utilitarianism 231(6)

Kai Nielsen / A Defense of Utilitarianism 237(15)

Bernard Williams / Against Utilitarianism 252(13)

Ursula Le Guin / The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas 265(7)

Aldous Huxley / The Utilitarian Social Engineer and the Savage 272(21)

Further Readings for Chapter 4 293(2)

5. Deontological Ethics 295(93)

Immanuel Kant / The Moral Law 297(20)

W. D. Ross / Intuitionism 317(15)

R. M. MacIver / The Deep Beauty of the Golden Rule 332(5)

Richard Whatley / A Critique of the Golden Rule 337(3)

Ambrose Bierce / A Horseman in the Sky 340(6)

Charles Fried / The Evil of Lying 346(10)

Susan Glaspell / A Jury of Her Peers 356(14)

Plato / Does Morality Upend on Religion? 370(4)

Thomas Nagel / Moral Luck 374(12)

Further Readings for Chapter 5 386(2)

6. Virtue Ethics 388(71)

Victor Hugo / The Bishop and the Candlesticks 390(17)

Aristotle / Virtue Ethics 407(16)

Bernard Mayo / Virtue and the Moral Life 423(6)

Nathaniel Hawthorne / The Great Stone Face 429(18)

William Frankena / A Critique of Virtue Based Ethical Systems 447(10)

Further Readings for Chapter 6 457(2)

7. Virtues and Vices 459(98)

Jesus of Nazareth / The Sermon on the Mount; The Good Samaritan 460(4)

Leo Tolstoy / How Much Land Does a Man Need? Greed 464(14)

Immanuel Kant / Jealousy, Malice, and Ingratitude 478(8)

Martin Ginsberg / Moral Cowardice 486(4)

Helen Keller / Three Days to See: Gratitude 490(10)

Epictetus and Others / The Stoic Catechism 500(12)

Plutarch / In Consolation to His Wife: Equanimity 512(9)

Vice Admiral James Stockdale / The World of Epictetus: Courage and Endurance 521(14)

The Story of David and Bathsheba: Lust 535(4)

Leo Tolstoy / Where Love Is, There Is God: Love 539(5)

Bertrand Russell / Reflections on Suffering 544(6)

Charles Colson / The Volunteer at Auschwitz: Altruism 550(6)

Further Readings for Chapter 7 556(1)
PART III MORAL ISSUES 557(170)

8. Ethics and Egoism: Why Should We Be Moral? 559(45)

Plato / The Ring of Gyges 561(8)

Ayn Rand / In Defense of Ethical Egoism 569(11)

Louis P. Pojman / Egoism and Altruism: A Critique of Ayn Rand 580(8)

James Rachels / A Critique of Ethical Egoism 588(14)

Further Readings for Chapter 8 602(2)

9. Does Life Have Meaning? 604(44)

Voltaire / The Good Brahmin 606(3)

Epicurus / Hedonism 609(7)

Albert Camus / Life Is Absurd 616(7)

Lois Hope Walker / Religion Gives Meaning to Life 623(7)

Viktor Frankl / The Human Search for Meaning: Reflections on Auschwitz 630(8)

Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha / The Four Noble Truths 638(6)

Robert Nozick / The Experience Machine 644(3)

Further Readings for Chapter 9 647(1)

10. Freedom, Autonomy, and Self-Respect 648(79)

Martin Luther King, Jr. / I Have a Dream 649(4)

Maya Angelou / Graduation 653(13)

Stanley Milgram / An Experiment in Autonomy 666(15)

Jean-Paul Sartre / Existentialism Is a Humanism 681(10)

Thomas E. Hill, Jr. / Servility and Self-Respect 691(12)

John Benson / Who Is the Autonomous Man? 703(16)

Kurt Vonnegut / Harrison Bergeron 719(6)

Further Readings for Chapter 10 725(2)
PART IV APPLIED ETHICS: Moral Problems 727

11. Sex, Love, and Marriage 729(58)

John Barth / Pansexuality 731(1)

Immanuel Kant / On the Place of Sex in Human Existence 732(3)

John McMurtry / Monogamy: A Critique 735(11)

Michael D. Bayles / Marriage, Love, and Procreation: A Critique of McMurtry 746(14)

Bonnie Steinbock / What's Wrong with Adultery? 760(7)

C. S. Lewis / We Have No "Right to Happiness" 767(5)

Hugh LaFollette / Licensing Parents 772(14)

Further Readings for Chapter 11 786(1)

12. Is Abortion Morally Permissible? 787(31)

John T. Noonan, Jr. / Abortion Is Not Morally Permissible 789(8)

Mary Anne Warren / Abortion Is Morally Permissible 797(9)

Jane English / The Moderate Position: Beyond the Personhood Argument 806(11)

Further Readings for Chapter 12 817(1)

13. Substance Abuse: Drugs and Alcohol 818(32)

John Stuart Mill / On Liberty 820(4)

Gore Vidal / Drugs Should Be Legalized 824(3)

William Bennett / Drugs Should Not Be Legalized 827(6)

Yoshida Kenko / On Drinking 833(3)

Bonnie Steinbock / Drunk Driving 836(13)

Further Readings for Chapter 13 849(1)

14. Our Duties to Animals 850(35)

George Orwell / Shooting an Elephant 852(7)

Immanuel Kant / We Have Only Indirect Duties to Animals 859(2)

Peter Singer / Animal Liberation: All Animals Are Equal 861(17)

Carl Cohen / The Case Against Animal Rights 878(6)

Further Readings for Chapter 14 884(1)

15. Our Duties to the Environment 885(39)

Sophocles / On Mankind's Power over Nature 891(1)

Robert Heilbroner / What Has Posterity Ever Done for Me? 892(5)

Garrett Hardin / The Tragedy of the Commons 897(18)

William F. Baxter / People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution 915(8)

Further Readings for Chapter 15 923(1)

16. International Justice and the Threat of Terrorism 924

God's Command to Destroy Jericho and Ai 931(6)

Martha C. Nussbaum / Compassion and Terror 937(25)

Louis P. Pojman / The Cosmopolitan Response to Terrorism 962(22)

Further Readings for Chapter 16 984