Criminal law : cases and materials / 6th ed.

Table Of Contents:
Preface xxv
Acknowledgments xxix
Special Notice xxxv
Introduction 1(1)

The Career of a Criminal Case 1(8)

Procedure Before Trial 2(1)

Donald Dripps, Criminal Justice Process 2(3)

Substantive Legal Issues Before Trial 5(2)

Procedure at Trial 7(1)

Substantive Legal Issues on Appeal 8(1)

Sources of Criminal Law 9(5)

Statues 9(1)

Precedent 10(2)

Constitutions 12(2)

The Analysis of Criminal Liability 14(2)

The Purpose of Analysis 14(1)

The Model Penal Code Scheme 15(1)

The German Scheme 16(1)

Burdens of Proof and Due Process 16(5)

I Just Punishment 21(82)

Colorado Revised Statutes 26(3)

The Purposes and Limits of Punishment 29(74)

An Introductory Problem 29(2)

Notes and Questions 30(1)

Utilitarianism and Retributivism 31(3)

Not Just Deserts: A Republican Theory of Criminal Justice 32(2)

John Braithwaite

Philip Pettit

Utilitarian Punishment 34(10)

The Utility Principle as a Limit on Punishment 34(1)

The Theory of Legislation 34(1)

Jeremy Bentham

Deterrence 35(1)

The Theory of Legislation 35(1)

Jeremy Bentham

Thinking About Crime 36(2)

James Q. Wilson

Sentence Severity and Crime: Accepting the Null Hypothesis 38(1)

Anthony N. Doob

Cheryl Marie Webster

Soldiers, Martyrs, and Criminal Law: Utilitarianism and the Problem of Crime Control 39(1)

Louis Seidman

Social Influence, Social Meaning, and Deterrence 40(2)

Dan M. Kahan

Notes and Questions 42(2)

Rehabilitation 44(6)

The Discovery of the Asylum 44(3)

David Rothman

The Inevitability of Rehabilitation 47(1)

Edward L. Rubin

Criminal Justice, Legal Values, and the Rehabilitative Ideal 48(1)

Francis A. Allen

Confronting Crime: An American Challenge 48(1)

Elliot Currie

Malign Neglect: Race, Crime, and Punishment in America 49(1)

Michael Tonry

Notes and Questions 49(1)

Incapacitation 50(8)

Thinking About Crime 50(3)

James Q. Wilson

Characterizing Criminal Careers 53(1)

Alfred Blumstein

Jacqueline Cohen

Incapacitation: Penal Confinement and the Restraint of Crime 54(1)

Franklin E. Zimring

Gordon Hawkins

Recidivist Statutes as Arational Punishment 55(1)

Markus Dirk Dubber

Notes and Questions 55(3)

Retribution 58(13)

Retribution as a Limit on Punishment 58(1)

A Non-Utilitarian Approach to Punishment 58(1)

H.J. McCloskey

Two Concepts of Rules 59(1)

John Rawls

Framed: Utilitarianism and Punishment of the Innocent 59(1)

Guyora Binder

Nicholas J. Smith

The Limits of the Criminal Sanction 60(1)

Herbert Packer

The Paradox of Punishment 61(1)

Alan H. Goldman

Three Mistakes of Retributivism 61(1)

David Dolinko

The Abolition of Punishment 62(1)

Michael L. Corrado

Kansas v. Hendricks 63(2)

Notes and Questions 65(1)

Retribution as an Affirmative Justification for Punishment 66(1)

The Appeal to Intuition 66(1)

Law and Psychiatry 66(1)

Michael Moore

Notes and Questions 66(1)

The Argument from Social Contract 67(1)

On Guilt and Innocence 67(1)

Herbert Morris

Marxism and Retribution 68(1)

Jeffrie Murphy

Notes and Questions 68(1)

The Expressive Argument 69(1)

Doing and Deserving 69(1)

Joel Feinberg

Punishment as Defeat 70(1)

Jean Hampton

Notes and Questions 71(1)

Beyond Utility and Desert: Educative Theories of Punishment 71(4)

A Paternalistic Theory of Punishment 72(1)

Herbert Morris

Trials and Punishments 73(1)

R.A. Duff

Crime, Shame, and Reintegration 74(1)

John Braithwaite

Notes and Questions 75(1)

Proportionality 75(8)

Ewing v. California 75(4)

Notes and Questions 79(4)

Modern Guidelines Sentencing 83(20)

Sentencing: Guidelines 86(5)

Kevin Reitz

Due Process, the Jury, and Sentencing Designs 91(1)

Apprendi v. New Jersey 91(4)

Notes and Questions 95(1)

The Blakely-Booker Revolution in Sentencing 95(8)

II The Elements of the Criminal Offense 103(206)

The Criminal Act 105(70)

The Need for an Actus Reus 107(4)

Proctor v. State 107(3)

Notes and Questions 110(1)

Omissions 111(4)

Notes and Questions 113(2)

Possession 115(8)

United States v. Maldonado 115(3)

Notes and Questions 118(5)

The Requirement of Harm 123(8)

Lawrence v. Texas 124(5)

Notes and Questions 129(2)

The Requirement of Voluntariness 131(9)

People v. Newton 131(1)

Notes and Questions 132(1)

Martin v. State 132(1)

Notes and Questions 133(1)

People v. Grant 134(3)

Notes and Questions 137(3)

The Prohibition of ``Status'' Crimes 140(9)

Robinson v. California 140(1)

Notes and Questions 141(4)

Johnson v. State 145(3)

Notes and Questions 148(1)

Legality 149(14)

United States v. Hudson and Goodwin 149(1)

Notes and Questions 150(1)

State v. Egan 151(2)

Notes and Questions 153(2)

Rogers v. Tennessee 155(4)

Notes and Questions 159(4)

Specificity 163(12)

Chicago v. Morales 163(4)

Notes and Questions 167(8)

The Guilty Mind 175(84)

The Requirement of a Guilty Mind 178(20)

People v. Dillard 178(3)

Notes and Questions 181(5)

United States v. Wulff 186(2)

Notes and Questions 188(5)

Lambert v. California 193(2)

Notes and Questions 195(3)

Categories of Culpability 198(15)

Regina v. Faulkner 198(2)

Notes and Questions 200(6)

Model Penal Code §§ 1.13 and 2.02 206(1)

Notes and Questions 207(6)

Mistake and Mens Rea Default Rules 213(16)

Regina v. Prince 213(4)

Notes and Questions 217(2)

People v. Ryan 219(3)

Notes and Questions 222(7)

``Mistake of Law'' 229(18)

Introduction to Mistake of Law 229(2)

Mistake of Law and Mens Rea 231(1)

People v. Bray 231(2)

Notes and Questions 233(2)

United States v. Baker 235(1)

Notes and Questions 236(1)

Cheek v. United States 237(4)

Notes and Questions 241(1)

Mistake of Law as an Excuse 242(1)

Commonwealth v. Twitchell 242(2)

Notes and Questions 244(3)

Capacity for Mens Rea 247(12)

Hendershott v. People 247(3)

Notes and Questions 250(2)

State v. Cameron 252(3)

Notes and Questions 255(1)

Montana v. Egelhoff 256(1)

Notes and Questions 257(2)

Causation 259(50)

``But-For'' Causation 262(10)

Regina v. Martin Dyos 262(2)

Notes and Questions 264(5)

R. v. Benge 269(2)

Notes and Questions 271(1)

Violent Acts 272(3)

Hubbard v. Commonwealth 272(2)

Notes and Questions 274(1)

Proximate Cause: Forseeability and Related Limitations 275(6)

Commonwealth v. Rhoades 275(2)

Notes and Questions 277(4)

Intervening Causes 281(21)

Commonwealth v. Root 281(3)

Notes and Questions 284(3)

United States v. Hamilton 287(3)

Notes and Questions 290(3)

Stephenson v. State 293(2)

Notes and Questions 295(2)

People v. Kevorkian 297(4)

Notes and Questions 301(1)

Causation by Omission: Duties 302(7)

People v. Beardsley 302(2)

Notes and Questions 304(5)

III Homicide Offenses 309(198)

Kan. Stat. Ann. §§21-3401 through 21-3405 311(1)

Ala. Code §§13A-6-2 through 13A-6-4 312(1)

Cal. Penal Code §§187 through 189, 191 through 192 313(2)

Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann., Title 18, §§2502 through 2504, 2506 315(1)

Illinois Compiled Statutes Ann. 720 ILCS 5/9-1 through 720 ILCS 5/9-2 316(1)

Minnesota Statues Ann. 609.185 317(1)

Model Penal Code §§210.2 through 210.4 318(1)

New York Penal Code §§125.10, 125.12, 125.15, 125.20, 125.25, 125.27 319(6)

Intentional Homicide 325(56)

Intentional Murder (Second Degree) 325(5)

Francis v. Franklin 325(3)

Notes and Questions 328(2)

Premeditated Murder (First Degree) 330(10)

United States v. Watson 330(4)

Notes and Questions 334(6)

Voluntary Manslaughter 340(41)

The Theory of Mitigation 340(1)

People v. Walker 340(2)

Notes and Questions 342(4)

``Cooling Time'' 346(1)

Ex Parte Fraley 346(1)

Notes and Questions 347(3)

The Common Law and Its Categories and Rules 350(1)

Adultery and Other ``Adequate Provocations'' 350(1)

Rowland v. State 350(2)

Notes and Questions 352(6)

Provocation Under Reform Rules 358(1)

People v. Berry 358(3)

Notes and Questions 361(8)

Cultural Norms and the Reasonable Person 369(1)

People v. Wu 369(9)

Notes and Questions 378(3)

Unintentional Homicide 381(72)

Involuntary Manslaughter 381(19)

Negligent and Reckless Homicide 381(1)

Commonwealth v. Welansky 381(4)

Notes and Questions 385(5)

Involuntary Manslaughter in Contemporary Settings 390(1)

State v. Williams 390(3)

Notes and Questions 393(7)

Reckless Murder 400(13)

Mayes v. People 400(3)

Notes and Questions 403(10)

Homicide in the Course of Another Crime 413(40)

Felony Murder: An Introduction 413(1)

State v. Martin 413(5)

Notes and Questions 418(9)

Causal Limitations 427(1)

People v. Hickman 427(2)

Notes and Questions 429(3)

People v. Gladman 432(3)

Notes and Questions 435(1)

People v. Cavitt 436(3)

Notes and Questions 439(1)

Dangerous Felony Limitations 439(3)

The Independent Felonious Purpose Limitation 442(1)

State v. Shock 442(4)

Notes and Questions 446(2)

Two Variants of Felony Murder 448(1)

Misdemeanor Manslaughter 448(2)

Death-Aggravated Felonies 450(3)

Capital Murder and the Death Penalty 453(54)

A Historical and Constitutional Summary 453(6)

The New Capital Statutes 459(24)

The Structure of ``Guided Discretion'': An Exemplary Case 460(1)

Olsen v. State 460(10)

Notes and Questions 470(6)

Mitigating Circumstances 476(3)

Weighing the Circumstances 479(4)

Categorical Limits on the Death Penalty 483(24)

The Mens Rea Limit: A Reprise on Felony Murder 483(1)

Tison v. Arizona 483(5)

Notes and Questions 488(3)

Status Limitations on the Death Penalty: Mental Retardation and Youth 491(2)

Notes and Questions 493(4)

Victim/Race Discrimination and the Eighth Amendment 497(1)

McCleskey v. Kemp 497(5)

Notes and Questions 502(5)

IV Justification and Excuse 507(150)

Distinguishing Justification and Excuse 507(2)

Justification, Excuse, and the Purposes of Punishment 509(4)

Combining Justification and Excuse 513(2)

Defensive Force, Necessity, and Duress 515(90)

Defensive Force 515(48)

Elements and Rationales 515(1)

People v. La Voie 515(2)

Notes and Questions 517(3)

People v. Gleghorn 520(2)

Notes and Questions 522(1)

The Reasonable Self-Defender: The Case of the Battered Spouse 523(1)

State v. Leidholm 523(8)

Notes and Questions 531(14)

Reprise on the Reasonable Self-Defender 545(1)

People v. Goetz 545(4)

Notes and Questions 549(1)

The Case of People v. Abbott 549(2)

Notes and Questions 551(1)

Defensive Force and Law Enforcement 552(1)

Tennessee v. Garner 553(3)

Notes and Questions 556(3)

People v. Ceballos 559(3)

Notes and Questions 562(1)

Choice of Evils---Necessity 563(21)

The Moral Issue 563(1)

The Queen v. Dudley & Stephens 563(5)

Notes and Questions 568(6)

Escape from Intolerable Prison Conditions 574(1)

People v. Unger 574(3)

Notes and Questions 577(1)

``Political'' Necessity 578(1)

State v. Warshow 578(3)

Notes and Questions 581(3)

Duress 584(21)

State v. Crawford 584(6)

Notes and Questions 590(6)

State v. Hunter 596(3)

Notes and Questions 599(6)

Mental Illness As A Defense 605(52)

Introduction 605(2)

The M'Naghten Rule and Cognition 607(17)

People v. Serravo 607(10)

Notes and Questions 617(7)

Cognition and Volition: The Road from M'Naghten and Back 624(18)

Smith v. State 627(4)

Notes and Questions 631(11)

Reprise: Reassessing the Insanity Defense 642(4)

The Continuing Debate over Abolition 642(2)

Insanity, the Psychopath, and the Challenge of Biology 644(2)

``Quasi-Insanity'' Defenses 646(7)

Alcohol and Other Drugs 646(2)

Specific Disorders 648(1)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 648(2)

Postpartum Psychosis 650(1)

Gambling 651(1)

``Multiple Personality'' Disorder 651(2)

``Diminished Capacity'' 653(4)

Notes and Questions 655(2)

V Attribution of Criminality 657(204)

Attempt 659(56)

The Punishment for Attempt 659(5)

Why Punish Attempt? 659(1)

The Emergence of Attempt Liability 660(1)

Rethinking Criminal Law 660(1)

George Fletcher

The Grading of Attempt 661(1)

Model Penal Code §5.05 661(1)

Notes and Questions 661(3)

The Mens Rea for Attempt 664(6)

State v. Lyerla 664(2)

Notes and Questions 666(4)

The Actus Reus of Attempt 670(24)

Preparation vs. Attempt 670(1)

People v. Murray 670(1)

Notes and Questions 671(3)

McQuirter v. State 674(1)

Notes and Questions 675(1)

People v. Rizzo 676(3)

Notes and Questions 679(5)

Abandonment 684(1)

People v. Staples 684(2)

Notes and Questions 686(3)

Solicitation 689(1)

People v. Lubow 689(2)

Notes and Questions 691(3)

Impossibility 694(21)

Booth v. State 694(6)

Notes and Questions 700(6)

People v. Dlugash 706(3)

Notes and Questions 709(1)

People v. Thousand 710(2)

Notes and Questions 712(3)

Complicity 715(76)

The Accessorial Act 718(25)

State v. Ochoa 718(5)

Notes and Questions 723(7)

State v. Tally 730(9)

Notes and Questions 739(4)

Mens Rea of Complicity 743(19)

Intent to Aid or Encourage 745(1)

People v. Beeman 745(3)

Notes and Questions 748(5)

The Mental Element of the Offense 753(1)

Wilson v. People 753(3)

Notes and Questions 756(1)

Combined Standards and Unintended Harm 757(1)

State v. Etzweiler 757(2)

Notes and Questions 759(3)

Act and Mens Rea: An Exercise 762(5)

The Killing of Yusuf Hawkins 762(4)

Notes and Questions 766(1)

Relations of Parties 767(10)

The Perpetrator Is Excused 767(1)

The Perpetrator Is Justified 768(1)

The Perpetrator Lacks Mens Rea 769(1)

Discrepant Mens Rea 770(2)

One of the Parties Lacks a Required Status for the Crime 772(5)

The ``Straw Man'' Gun Purchase: A Closing Exercise on Complicity 777(3)

Criminal Liability of Corporations 780(11)

Respondeat Superior and the Premises of Corporate Liability 781(1)

State v. Christy Pontiac-GMC, Inc. 781(2)

Notes and Questions 783(2)

United States v. Hilton Hotels Corp. 785(2)

Notes and Questions 787(1)

The MPC and the ``Corporate Mind'' 787(1)

Notes and Questions 788(3)

Conspiracy 791(70)

The Nature of Conspiracy 792(8)

State v. Verive 792(2)

Notes and Questions 794(6)

The Agreement 800(12)

Proof of Formation 800(1)

Griffin v. State 800(2)

Notes and Questions 802(4)

United States v. Zacarias Moussaoui 806(3)

Termination of the Agreement 809(1)

United States v. Recio 809(2)

Notes and Questions 811(1)

The Mens Rea of Conspiracy 812(9)

People v. Lauria 812(7)

Notes and Questions 819(2)

Special Mens Rea Problems of Conspiracy 821(2)

The Incidents of Conspiracy 823(10)

United States v. Diaz 823(2)

Notes and Questions 825(8)

The Parties to and Objects of Conspiracy 833(13)

Bilateral and Unilateral Conspiracies 833(6)

The Scope of the Conspiracy 839(1)

Single vs. Multiple Conspiracies 839(1)

Jerome Campane, Chains, Wheels, and the Single Conspiracy 839(7)

The RICO Statute and the Frontier of Conspiracy 846(15)

The Statute 846(2)

Section 1962 (a) Violations 848(1)

Section 1962 (b) Violations 848(1)

Section 1962 (c) Violations 849(1)

The Enterprise Concept 849(3)

The ``Pattern'' Requirement 852(2)

RICO Conspiracies 854(1)

United States v. Neapolitan 855(2)

Notes and Questions 857(4)

VI Additional Offenses 861(170)

Rape 863(76)

Introduction 863(6)

Defining Rape 863(1)

Some Facts About Rape in the United States 864(2)

The Evolution of Rape Rules 866(3)

The Requirement of ``Utmost Resistance'' 869(3)

Brown v. State 869(1)

Notes and Questions 870(2)

``Reasonable'' or ``Earnest'' Resistance 872(6)

People v. Dorsey 872(4)

Notes and Questions 876(2)

Force 878(12)

People v. Barnes 878(6)

Notes and Questions 884(6)

Nonconsent 890(6)

State v. Smith 890(3)

Notes and Questions 893(3)

Lack of Affirmative Expression of Consent 896(7)

In the Interest of M. T. S. 896(6)

Notes and Questions 902(1)

Incapacity to Consent 903(5)

State v. Moorman 903(2)

Notes and Questions 905(3)

Rape by Extortion 908(4)

Commonwealth v. Mlinarich 908(2)

Notes and Questions 910(2)

Rape by Fraud 912(5)

Boro v. People 912(2)

Notes and Questions 914(3)

Mens Rea 917(10)

Commonwealth v. Fischer 917(6)

Notes and Questions 923(4)

Evidentiary Reforms 927(7)

Marital Rape 934(5)

People v. Liberta 934(3)

Notes and Questions 937(2)

Theft Offenses 939(56)

Theft 939(15)

The Meaning of Theft 939(1)

Commonwealth v. Mitchneck 939(1)

Notes and Questions 940(1)

The Development of Theft Offenses 940(2)

The Case of the Carrier Who Broke Bulk 942(1)

Rex v. Chisser 943(1)

The King v. Pear 943(1)

Notes and Questions 944(10)

Fraud 954(17)

False Pretenses 954(1)

People v. Sattlekau 954(4)

Notes and Questions 958(1)

Scheme to Defraud in Federal Law 958(1)

Durland v. United States 959(2)

Notes and Questions 961(6)

United States v. Rybicki 967(4)

Notes and Questions 971(1)

Extortion 971(13)

People v. Dioguardi 971(4)

Notes and Questions 975(4)

McCormick v. United States 979(3)

Notes and Questions 982(2)

Robbery 984(4)

Lear v. State 984(2)

Notes and Questions 986(2)

Burglary 988(7)

State v. Colvin 989(2)

Notes and Questions 991(4)

Perjury, False Statements, and Obstruction of Justice 995(36)

Perjury 995(12)

Bronston v. United States 996(4)

Notes and Questions 1000(1)

Lying, Misleading, and Falsely Denying: How Moral Concepts Inform the Law of Perjury, Fraud, and False Statements 1001(5)

Stuart Green

Notes and Questions 1006(1)

False Statements 1007(3)

Brogan v. United States 1007(3)

Notes and Questions 1010(1)

Obstruction of Justice 1010(21)

The Omnibus Provision---§1503 1011(1)

United States v. Aguilar 1011(4)

Notes and Questions 1015(1)

United States v. Cueto 1015(7)

Notes and Questions 1022(1)

Section 1512 and the Arthur Andersen Case 1023(1)

Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States 1024(3)

Notes and Questions 1027(4)

Appendix A A Note on the Model Penal Code 1031(4)

Criminal Law Reform: Historical Development in the United States 1031(4)

McClain

Dan Kahan

Appendix B The Model Penal Code 1035(56)
Table of Cases 1091(8)
Table of Model Penal Code Sections 1099(2)
Index 1101