简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
The growing concern in the United States about the safety of chemicals in our environment makes the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) a timely topic. TSCA is the primary vehicle for enabling the government to review most chemicals, other than foods, drugs, cosmetics and pesticides, before they are introduced into commerce. Last year's dramatic recall of children's toys tainted with lead has increased the calls for thorough information about the chemicals in our environment. In addition, the lightening speed of nanotechnology development threatens to leave regulators with very few tools to address the environmental and toxicological effects of nanomaterials. This book is a unique resource for lawyers and regulatory affairs specialists who need to understand the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), including the surrounding law, regulations and guidances. This volume includes a CD-ROM containing a broad array of resource materials, references to other supporting source materials, and procedures to implement an integrated TSCA compliance plan.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(8)
I What is TSCA 2(1)
II History of TSCA 3(1)
III TSCA's Future 4(3)
IV How to Use this Book and Accompanying CD 7(2)
Chapter 2 TSCA's Scope 9(46)
I Chemical Substances Subject to TSCA 10(18)
A Commercial Chemicals 10(2)
B Impurities 12(1)
C Byproducts 13(1)
D Isolated Intermediates 14(3)
E Chemicals Manufactured for Export Only 17(3)
F Research & Development Chemicals 20(1)
G Nanomaterials 20(1)
1 Background on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 21(1)
2 TSCA Status of Nanomaterials 22(6)
II Chemical Substances and Materials Not Subject to TSCA 28(18)
A Mixtures 28(6)
B Pesticides 34(5)
C Nuclear Material 39(1)
D Firearms 40(1)
E Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics 41(2)
F Articles 43(3)
III Activities Governed by TSCA 46(5)
A Use and Process 47(2)
B Manufacture and Toll Manufacture 49(1)
C Importation 50(1)
D Manufacture or Distribution in Commerce 50(1)
IV TSCA's Interrelationship with Other Laws 51(4)
A Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 51(1)
B Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 52(1)
C Tort Law 52(1)
D Others 53(2)
Chapter 3 The Inventory 55(40)
I Compilation of the Inventory 57(7)
A Purpose of the Inventory 57(1)
B Public and Confidential Inventories 58(1)
C Inventory Corrections 59(1)
1 Correction Categories 59(2)
2 Potential Outcomes 61(2)
3 Third Party Corrections 63(1)
II Searching the Inventory 64(2)
III Inventory Update Rules 66(13)
A Chemical Substances Excluded From the IUR 67(1)
1 Polymers 67(1)
2 Microorganisms 68(1)
3 Naturally Occurring Chemical Substances 68(1)
4 Certain forms of Natural Gas 69(1)
5 Special Cases 69(1)
a Hydrates 69(1)
b Mixtures 69(1)
c Alloys 70(1)
B Chemical Substances Partially Exempt from the IUR 70(1)
1 Petroleum Process Streams 71(1)
2 Chemical Substances of Low Interest 71(1)
C Who Must Report for the IUR 72(2)
D What to Report for the IUR 74(1)
1 Information Requirements for All Reportable Chemical Substances Made or Imported in Quantities of Twenty-five Thousand Pounds or More 75(1)
2 Information Requirements for Substances Made or Imported in Quantities of Three-hundred Thousand Pounds or More 76(1)
3 Importers Without Knowledge of Chemical Identity 77(1)
4 Recordkeeping Requirements 78(1)
5 IUR Corrections 78(1)
IV Inventory Representation Issues 79(12)
A Polymers 80(1)
1 Listing Polymers 80(2)
2 The Two Percent Rule 82(4)
B UVCB Substances 86(3)
C Substances Containing Varying Carbon Lengths 89(1)
D Complex Reaction Prodcucts 90(1)
V Inventory Reset 91(1)
VI Enforcement 91(4)
Chapter 4 Premanufacture Notifications 95(46)
I Introduction to the Premanufacture Notification Program 97(1)
II History 98(3)
III Entities that Must File PMNs 101(5)
A Manufacturers and Importers 101(2)
B Entities Must have a Commercial Purpose for Theri Activities 103(1)
C U.S. Entities and "Principal Importers" 104(1)
D Toll Manufacturers 105(1)
IV Filling a PMN 106(30)
A When Filling is Required 106(1)
B How to File a PMN 106(4)
C Data That Must Be Included in the PMN 110(1)
1 Where to Look for Data 110(3)
2 Chemistry 113(2)
3 Manufacturing, Processing, and Use Information 115(2)
4 Test Data and Other Data 117(2)
5 Optional Pollution Prevention Information 119(1)
6 Binding Boxes 120(1)
7 Continuing Obligations 120(1)
8 Confidential Business Information 121(1)
9 PMNs on Related Substances 122(1)
10 Fees 123(1)
11 Recordkeeping 123(1)
D What Happens after a PMN is Submitted 124(5)
E Expedited PMNs---Sustainable Futures 129(1)
F Outcomes of the PMN Process 130(1)
1 Section 5(e) Orders 130(4)
2 Section 5(f) Orders 134(1)
3 Practical Implications 135(1)
G Notice of Commencement 135(1)
V Enforcement 136(5)
Chapter 5 PMN Exclusions and Exemptions 141(60)
I Introduction 143(2)
II Exemptions Not Requiring Prior Notice to the EPA 145(31)
A Byproducts 145(1)
B Research & Development 145(2)
1 Small Quantities for R&D 147(1)
2 Post-R&D Substances 147(1)
3 Risk Evaluation and Notification Requirement 148(2)
4 Technically Qualified Individuals 150(1)
5 Recordkeeping 151(1)
6 Research on Pesticides 152(1)
C The Polymer Exemption 152(1)
1 Current Polymer Exemption 152(1)
2 Eligibility Requirements 153(2)
a Exclusions---Polymers That Must Be on the Inventory 155(4)
b Criteria 159(4)
3 Recordkeeping and Reporting 163(2)
4 Superseded Polymer Exemption 165(2)
5 Practical Implications 167(1)
6 Violations and Enforcement 168(1)
D Chemicals Formed when Other Substances Are Used or Exposed 168(2)
1 Chemicals Formed on Exposure---the (h)(3) Exemption 170(1)
2 Chemicals Formed on Storage or Disposal---the (h)(4) Exemption 170(1)
3 Chemicals Formed on End Use---the (h)(5) Exemption 170(1)
4 Chemicals Formed on Manufacture of an Article---the (h)(6) Exemption 171(1)
5 Chemicals Formed when Property Modifiers Are used---the (h)(7) Exemption 172(4)
E Chemicals Made or Imported Solely for Export, Impurities, and Nonisolated Intermediates 176(1)
III Exemptions Requiring Prior Notice to the EPA 176(25)
A Test Marketing Exemption 178(1)
1 Eligibility Requirements 178(1)
2 Exemption Application 178(2)
3 Continuing Obligations 180(1)
4 Practical Implications 181(1)
B Low-Volume Exemption 182(1)
1 Eligibility Requirements 182(1)
2 Exemption Application 183(1)
3 Continuing Obligations 184(4)
4 LVE Revocation 188(1)
5 Practical Implications 189(1)
C Low Release and Exposure Exemption---LoREX 190(1)
1 Eligibility Requirements 190(2)
2 Exemption Application 192(2)
3 Continuing Obligations 194(3)
4 LoREX Revocation 197(1)
5 Practical Implications 198(1)
D The Polaroid Exemption for Instant Film and Peel-apart Film 199(2)
Chapter 6 Microorganisms 201(8)
I Introduction 202(2)
II Microbial Commercial Activity Notice 204(3)
III TSCA Experimental Release Application 207(1)
IV Enforcement 208(1)
Chapter 7 Reporting and Recordkeeping 209(60)
I Introduction 211(2)
II TSCA § Reports 213(5)
A The Preliminary Assessment Information Rule---PAIR 213(1)
1 Persons Covered/Exemptions 214(1)
2 Chemicals Subject to PAIR Reporting/Lists and Reporting Periods 214(1)
3 Information to Be Reported/Form and Instructions 215(1)
B Other Chemical Specific Rules 216(1)
C Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule---CAIR 216(1)
D Practical Implications 217(1)
III TSCA § 8(c) Recordkeeping---Allegations of Significant Adverse Reactions 218(10)
A Persons Subject/Exemptions 219(3)
B Chemicals Covered 222(1)
C Allegations subject to Recordkeeping 223(2)
D Recordkeeping Requirements 225(1)
E Inspections and Reporting 226(1)
F Practical Implications 227(1)
IV TSCA § 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting 228(5)
A Persons Subject/Exemptions 229(1)
B Chemicals Covered 229(1)
C Information to be Reported 230(2)
D The Reporting Period 232(1)
E Guidance/Management Practices 233(1)
V TSCA § 8(e) Substantial Risk Reporting 233(31)
A The Statutory Language 234(1)
B EPA's Interpretative Guidances 235(2)
C Persons Subject to Reporting 237(2)
D Chemicals Covered 239(3)
E Information That Must Be Reported 242(1)
1 Human Health Effects 243(1)
a Carcinogenicity 244(1)
b Mutagenicity 244(1)
c Acute Toxicity 245(1)
d Neurotoxicity 246(1)
e Subacute or Chronic Toxicity 247(1)
f Skin/Eye Irritation and Sensitization 248(1)
g Benign Tumors 249(1)
h Reproductive or Developmental Toxicity 249(1)
i Previously Unknown Exposure 250(1)
2 Environmental Effects 250(1)
a Non-emergency Situations of Environmental Contamination 251(1)
i Widespread Distribution 251(2)
ii Bioaccumulation 253(1)
iii Adverse Effects 253(1)
iv Changes in Species' Interrelationships 254(1)
v Facile Transformation 254(1)
b Emergency Incidents of Environmental Contamination 255(1)
F Information That Is Not Reportable 255(5)
G How to Submit 260(1)
1 When Submittals Are Due 260(2)
2 Cover Letters 262(1)
3 "FYI" Submissions 262(1)
4 Practical Implications of Submitting 8(e) Studies 263(1)
H Confidentiality 263(1)
VI Enforcement 264(5)
Chapter 8 Exports and Imports 269(38)
I Regulation of Exports 271(14)
A Scope of Coverage of Export Notifications 271(4)
B Content and Timing of Export Notifications 275(3)
C Confidentiality 278(3)
D Ensuring Compliance with Export Notification Requirements 281(1)
1 Match Products to Controlled Chemical Substances 281(1)
2 Export Processing 282(1)
3 Sample Notification Form 283(1)
4 Notification Retention Requirements 284(1)
E Mercury Export Ban 284(1)
II Regulation of Imports 285(16)
A Importer Defined 286(1)
B Import Shipment Certifications 287(1)
1 Individual Shipment Certifications 287(1)
2 Blanket Certifications 288(2)
3 Certifications for Chemical Substances Imported by Mail 290(1)
C Products Subject to Positive Certification 291(2)
D Products Subject to Negative Certification or to No Certification 293(3)
E Import for Export Only 296(1)
F Basis of Certification 296(2)
G Additional TSCA Requirements Applicable to Importers 298(1)
H Ensuring Compliance with import Certification Requirements 299(1)
1 General Importation Arrangements 300(1)
2 Determining Type of Certification Required, if Any 300(1)
3 Documentation and Certification Retention Requirements 301(1)
III Enforcement 301(6)
A EPA Enforcement 302(2)
B Customs Enforcement 304(1)
1 Detention Procedures 304(1)
2 Post-detention Options 304(3)
Chapter 9 Test Rules 307(18)
I Objectives of Legislation 308(2)
II Threshold Requirements for Issuing Test Rules 310(13)
A Who Must Perform Testing 310(1)
B Contents of Test Rules 311(1)
C Exemption from Test Rules 312(1)
D Hazardous Air Pollutants 313(1)
E Use of Test Results 313(1)
F Export Notification 314(1)
G The Interagency Testing Committee 314(2)
H Interpretations and Guidance 316(1)
1 Meaning of "Unreasonable Risk" 316(2)
2 Meaning of "Substantial Quantities" or "Substantial Human Exposure" 318(2)
3 Enforceable Consent Agreements and Voluntary Testing Agreements 320(1)
4 The Regulations on Consent Agreements 321(1)
5 Compliance and Procedures 322(1)
III Enforcement 323(2)
Chapter 10 Voluntary Initiatives 325(20)
I Background of Voluntary Initiatives 326(2)
II High Production Volume Challenge Program 328(8)
A The Voluntary Program 329(1)
1 Program Mechanics 329(2)
2 Program Results 331(1)
B Orphan Chemicals 332(1)
1 Test Rules 333(2)
2 Reporting Rules 335(1)
III Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program 336(5)
A Program Mechanics 337(1)
1 Selection of Chemicals for VCCEP 337(1)
2 Submission Collection Tiers 338(1)
3 Sponsor Commitments 339(1)
B Program Evaluation 339(2)
IV Nanoscale Materials Stewardship Program 341(1)
V Shifting Winds 342(3)
Chapter 11 Bans and Restrictions 345(44)
I Introduction to Types of Restrictions 347(5)
A Regulatory Action to Address a Finding of Unreasonable Risk 348(2)
1 Procedures for Rulemaking 350(1)
2 Corrosion Proof Fittings and the Asbestos Rule 350(2)
II Regulation of PCBs under TSCA § 6(e) 352(27)
A The Statutory Prohibition on Manufacture, Processing, and Distribution of PCBs 354(1)
B The Regulatory Scheme 355(1)
1 Regulation of PCBs at the 50 ppm Level 355(2)
2 PCB Terminology 357(1)
a Definition of PCBs and the Discounting Factor 357(2)
b Excluded Manufacturing Processes, Excluded PCB Products, and Recycled PCBs 359(2)
c "PCB Bulk Product Waste,""PCB-Contaminated," "PCB Transformer," and Other Regulatory PCB Nomenclature 361(1)
C Prohibitions and Authorized PCB Activities 362(1)
1 "Totally Enclosed Manner" 362(1)
2 Authorizations 363(1)
a Transformers 364(2)
b Porous Surfaces 366(1)
3 Exemptions 366(1)
D Marking of PCBs and PCB Items 367(1)
E Storage and Disposal 367(1)
1 Storage for Reuse 367(1)
2 Storage and Disposal of PCB Wastes 368(1)
a Storage for Disposal 368(1)
b Disposal of PCB Wastes 369(2)
F Remediation of PCBs and the PCB Spill Cleanup Policy 371(1)
1 Self-implementing Cleanup and Disposal 371(1)
2 Performance-based Disposal Option 372(1)
3 Risk-based Disposal Option 373(1)
4 The PCB Spill Cleanup Policy 373(1)
a Reporting Requirements 374(1)
b Requirements for Spill Cleanups 375(1)
5 Transfer of Contaminated Real Property 376(1)
G Import and Export of PCBs for Disposal 376(1)
H Notification of PCB Waste Activity, Manifests, Records, and Reports 377(1)
1 Notifications and Manifesting PCB Waste 377(2)
2 Records 379(1)
III Mercury Federal Agency Ban 379(1)
IV CFCs 380(1)
V Hexavalent Chromium 380(1)
VI Metalworking Fluids 381(1)
VII Chemicals Under Evalution 382(2)
VIII Enforcement 384(5)
A PCB Penalty Policy 384(4)
B Enforcement Actions and Inspections 388(1)
Chapter 12 Significant New Use Rules 389(52)
I Introduction to Significant New Use Rules---SNURs 390(3)
II Practical Implications 393(1)
III When and How SNURs Are Issued 393(2)
IV How to Determine if a SNUR Exists 395(1)
V How to Determine if a SNUR on a Substance Identified by Generic Name Is Applicable 396(1)
VI How to Read a SNUR 397(2)
VII Bona Fide Letters to Determine a Confidential Manufacturing Limit 399(2)
VIII Standardized Set of Significant New Uses 401(25)
A Significant New use if Used Without Workplace Protection 402(4)
B Significant New Use if Used Without a Hazard Communication Program 406(11)
C Significant New Uses Involving Industiral, commercial, and Consumer Activities 417(4)
D Significant New Uses Involving Disposal 421(2)
E Significant New Uses Involving Releases to Water 423(3)
IX Alternative Controls 426(2)
X Entities That Must File Significant New Use Notices---SNUNs 428(3)
XI Exemptions from SNUR Requirements 431(2)
XII R&D Exemption for SNURs 433(1)
XIII Filing a SNUN 434(3)
A Recordkeeping Requirements 435(2)
XIV Exporting a SNUR Substance 437(1)
XV Enforcement 437(1)
XVI Current Issues 438(3)
Chapter 13 Compliance Programs 441(50)
I The Landscape 443(2)
II Government Policies Encouraging Compliance Programs 445(14)
A The Organizational Sentencing Guidelines 445(1)
1 Legal Framework of the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines 445(2)
2 Elements of an Effective OSG Compliance Program 447(5)
3 Additional General Concepts Applicable to Effective Programs 452(1)
B Department of Justice Voluntary Disclosure Policy for Environmental Violations 453(2)
C Federal Prosecution of Corporations 455(3)
D EPA Audit Policy 458(1)
III Management Systems 459(4)
A International Organization for Standardization 460(1)
B EPA National Enforcement Investigations Center 461(2)
IV Company-specific Program Development 463(28)
A Status Quo Assessment 463(1)
1 Overall Assessment 463(2)
2 TSCA Requirements Matrix by Function 465(3)
B Compliance Program Implementation 468(1)
1 Management Support 468(5)
2 Organizational Infrastructure 473(1)
3 Employee Reporting Mechanisms 474(2)
4 Procedure Development Process 476(4)
5 Training 480(4)
6 Goals and Incentives 484(1)
7 Auditing 485(2)
8 Corrective Actions 487(1)
9 Management Review 488(1)
10 Recordkeeping 489(1)
11 Community Outreach 489(2)
Chapter 14 Penalties and Enforcement 491(60)
I Statutory Basis for Enforcement 493(1)
II EPA Enforcement Statistics 493(2)
III Law 495(7)
A What Constitutes a Violation of TSCA 495(2)
B Civil and Criminal Enforcement 497(3)
C Specific Enforcement and Seizure 500(1)
D Imminent Hazard Seizure and Injunctions 500(2)
E Whistleblower Protection 502(1)
IV EPA Enforcement Policies and Procedures 502(33)
A EPA's Enforcement Response Policies 503(5)
B Penalty Assessments 508(1)
1 Negotiating a Penalty 508(1)
a Supplemental Environmental Projects 509(2)
b Economic Benefit 511(1)
c Audits 512(1)
d Ability to Pay 512(1)
2 Complaints 512(1)
3 Defenses 513(1)
a Statute of Limitations 513(1)
b Estoppel 513(1)
c The Paperwork Reduction Act 514(1)
d Jurisdiction 514(1)
e Invalidity of an Order 515(1)
4 Consent Agreements 515(1)
5 Appeals to the Office of Administrative Law and Environmental Review Board 516(1)
6 Appeals to the Circuit Court 517(1)
C EPA's Audit Policy 517(1)
1 Introduction 517(1)
2 Complete Penalty Mitigation 518(7)
3 75 percent Penalty Mitigation 525(1)
4 Limits on Penalty Mitigation 525(1)
5 Additional Audit Policy Incentives 525(1)
D EPA's Small Business Compliance Policy 526(2)
E EPA Inspections 528(2)
1 EPA's Policies 530(1)
2 Responding to an Inspection 530(5)
V Self-Reporting Violations to the EPA 535(3)
A No Obligation to Self-Report 535(1)
B Advantages of Self-Reporting 535(1)
C Disadvantages of Self-Reporting 536(1)
D Procedure for Self-Reporting 536(2)
VI Private Enforcement Options 538(13)
A Citizens' Suits 539(1)
1 Procedures 539(1)
2 Remedies 540(2)
B Citizens' Petitions 542(1)
1 Procedures 542(1)
2 Preparing a Citizens' Petition 543(2)
3 Citizens' Petitions Practice Under TSCA 545(2)
4 Legal Standard of Review of Citizens' Petitions 547(1)
C Interplay between Private Enforcement Options Under TSCA 548(3)
Chapter 15 Acquisitions and Divestitures 551(28)
I Audit Policy as Applied to New Owners 552(1)
II Buyer's Investigation 553(8)
A Questions to Ask and Documents to Review 555(1)
B Documents to Copy 555(6)
III Seller's Pre-Sale Analysis 561(8)
A Questions to Ask and Documents to Review 562(6)
B Documents to Retain 568(1)
IV Transfer Requirements 569(3)
V PCB-contaminated Sites 572(1)
VI Contractual Allocations of Rights, Obligations, and Liabilities 572(3)
A Representations and Warranties 572(1)
1 Compliance with Law 573(1)
2 Availability of Information 574(1)
B Indemnities 575(1)
VII Post-Closing Obligations 575(1)
VIII Business Integration 576(3)
Chapter 16 Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act 579(32)
I Asbestos, a Short History 580(2)
II Requirements of the Act and Implementing Regulations 582(20)
A Inspections 583(2)
B Reinspections 585(1)
C Periodic Surveillance 586(1)
D Sampling, Analysis, and Assessment 587(3)
E Response Actions 590(3)
F Transportation and Disposal 593(1)
G Training and Labeling 593(2)
H Management Plans 595(3)
I Recordkeeping 598(2)
J Waiver and Delegation to States 600(2)
K Miscellaneous Provisions 602(1)
III Enforcement 602(9)
A Civil Penalty System 603(1)
1 Lower Tier Penalties 604(4)
2 Higher Tier Penalties 608(1)
B Injunctions, Citizens' Suits, and Criminal Enforcement 608(1)
C Inspections and Audits 609(1)
D State Enforcement 610(1)
Chapter 17 Indoor Radon Abatement Act 611(18)
I Radon, a Short History 612(2)
II Requirements of the Act 614(10)
A EPA Citizen's Guide 615(1)
B Model Construction Standards and Techniques 616(1)
C Technical Assistance to States for Radon Programs 617(2)
D Grant Assistance to States for Radon Programs 619(2)
E Radon in Schools 621(1)
F Regional Radon Training Centers 622(1)
G Study of Radon in Federal Buildings 623(1)
III Summary of State Radon Legislation 624(3)
A State Programs in Existence Before Indoor Radon Abatement Act 625(1)
B Current Status of State Radon Programs 626(1)
IV Indoor Radon Air Abatement Effectiveness 627(2)
Chapter 18 Lead 629(22)
I Introduction to Lead Regulation 630(1)
II TSCA Lead Programs 631(1)
III The Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule 632(8)
A Scope of Rule 632(3)
B Certification and Training 635(1)
C Distributing Informational Pamphlets before Renovating---the Pre-Renovation Education Rule 636(2)
D Work Practice Standards 638(2)
E Recordkeeping and Reporting 640(1)
IV The Disclosure Rule---Disclosure of Known Lead on Sale or Rental of Target Housing 640(2)
V Lead-Based Paint Activities 642(2)
VI Dangerous Levels of Lead---the Lead Rule 644(1)
VII State and Tribal Programs 644(1)
VIII Lead in Children's Products and Fishing Sinkers 645(1)
IX Enforcement 646(5)
A Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule Enforcement 646(1)
B Disclosure Rule Enforcement 647(4)
Chapter 19 Healthy High-Performance Schools Act 651(10)
I Context of the Act 652(2)
II Requirements of the Act 654(7)
A Grants for Healthy School Environments 654(2)
B Model Guidelines for Siting of School Facilities 656(2)
C Public Outreach 658(1)
D Environmental Health Program 659(1)
E Authorization of Appropriations 660(1)
Chapter 20 Practice Tools 661(306)
I Chapter Resources 664(31)
A Chapter 2 TSCA's Scope Resources 664(2)
B Chapter 3 The Inventory Resources 666(3)
C Chapter 4 Premanufacture Notifications Resources 669(3)
D Chapter 5 PMN Exclusions and Exemptions Resources 672(2)
E Chapter 6 Microorganisms Resources 674(1)
F Chapter 7 Reporting and Recordkeeping Resources 675(2)
G Chapter 8 Exports and Imports Resources 677(2)
H Chapter 9 Test Rules Resources 679(1)
I Chapter 10 Voluntary Initiatives Resources 679(3)
J Chapter 11 Bans and Restrictions Resources 682(2)
K Chapter 12 Significant New use Rules Resources 684(1)
L Chapter 13 Compliance Programs Resources 685(1)
M Chapter 14 Penalties and Enforcement Resources 686(2)
N Chapter 15 Acquisitions and Divestitures Resources 688(1)
O Chapter 16 Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act Resources 689(1)
P Chapter 17 Indoor Radon Abatement Act Resources 690(1)
Q Chapter 18 Lead Resources 691(1)
R Chapter 19 Healthy High-Performance Schools Resources 692(1)
S Chapter 20 Section VI Supplementary Research Resources 693(2)
II Procedures 695(90)
A Model Procedure Template 695(3)
B Procedure Number CORP.17, Process or Design Change Review 698(3)
C Procedure Number CORP.19, Control of Nonconforming Commercial Product 701(4)
D Procedure Number CORP.20, Assessment of New Suppliers 705(3)
E Procedure Number CORP.26, New Product Development 708(10)
F Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 2, Premanufacture Notifications and Notices of Commencement 718(6)
G Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 3, Procedure for the Test Marketing Exemption from PMN and SNUR Requirements 724(6)
H Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 4, Procedure for LVE and LoREX Exemptions from PMN Requirements 730(9)
I Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 25, TSCA § 8(e) and 8(c) Compliance 739(7)
1 Introduction to the TSCA § 8(e) Reporting Checklists 746(6)
2 Environmental 752(1)
a Checklist to Determine Whether Non-Emergency Incidents of Environmental Contamination are Reportable Under Section V(b)(1) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 752(1)
b Checklist to Determine Whether Previously Unknown Bioaccumulation or Presence in Organisms is Reportable based on Section V(b)(2) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 753(1)
c Checklist to Determine Whether Previously Unknown Environmental Effects are Reportable Based on Section V(b)(3)(4) and (5) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 754(2)
d Checklist to Determine Whether Emergency Incidents of Environmental Contamination are Reportable Under TSCA 8(e) Based on Section V(c) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 756(1)
3 Checklist to Determine Whether a Multigeneration Reproduction or Reproductive/Developmental Study is 8(e) Reportable 757(1)
4 Checklist to Determine Whether a Sensitization Study is 8(e) Reportable 758(1)
5 Checklist to Determine Whether a LD50/LC50 Test is 8(e) Reportable 759(1)
6 Subacute/Subchronic/Chronic 760(1)
a Checklist to Determine Whether a Subacute/Subchronic/Chronic Study is 8(e) Reportable 760(1)
b Checklist to Determine Whether A Study Exhibits Neurotoxic Effects 761(1)
7 Checklist to Determine Whether Skin or Eye Irritation/Corrosivity Study is 8(e) Reportable 762(1)
J Procedure Number International Operations 1, Importing Chemical Substances 763(4)
K Procedure Number International Operations 2, Exporting Commercial Shipments 767(3)
L Procedure Number Lab. 11, Qualifying for the R&D Exemption at Laboratories 770(3)
M Procedure Number Lab. 5, Sampling R&D Substances to Third Parties 773(8)
N Procedure Number Pilot Plant 11, Qualifying for the R&D Exemption at Pilot Plants 781(4)
III Model Bona Fide Request for Inventory Listing 785(5)
IV Sample TSCA Awareness Training Program 790(27)
V Confidentiality 817(3)
VI Supplementary Research Sources 820(8)
VII Toxic Substances Control Act Statute 828(139)
VIII Resource CD (Inside back Cover)
Index 967
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(8)
I What is TSCA 2(1)
II History of TSCA 3(1)
III TSCA's Future 4(3)
IV How to Use this Book and Accompanying CD 7(2)
Chapter 2 TSCA's Scope 9(46)
I Chemical Substances Subject to TSCA 10(18)
A Commercial Chemicals 10(2)
B Impurities 12(1)
C Byproducts 13(1)
D Isolated Intermediates 14(3)
E Chemicals Manufactured for Export Only 17(3)
F Research & Development Chemicals 20(1)
G Nanomaterials 20(1)
1 Background on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 21(1)
2 TSCA Status of Nanomaterials 22(6)
II Chemical Substances and Materials Not Subject to TSCA 28(18)
A Mixtures 28(6)
B Pesticides 34(5)
C Nuclear Material 39(1)
D Firearms 40(1)
E Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics 41(2)
F Articles 43(3)
III Activities Governed by TSCA 46(5)
A Use and Process 47(2)
B Manufacture and Toll Manufacture 49(1)
C Importation 50(1)
D Manufacture or Distribution in Commerce 50(1)
IV TSCA's Interrelationship with Other Laws 51(4)
A Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 51(1)
B Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 52(1)
C Tort Law 52(1)
D Others 53(2)
Chapter 3 The Inventory 55(40)
I Compilation of the Inventory 57(7)
A Purpose of the Inventory 57(1)
B Public and Confidential Inventories 58(1)
C Inventory Corrections 59(1)
1 Correction Categories 59(2)
2 Potential Outcomes 61(2)
3 Third Party Corrections 63(1)
II Searching the Inventory 64(2)
III Inventory Update Rules 66(13)
A Chemical Substances Excluded From the IUR 67(1)
1 Polymers 67(1)
2 Microorganisms 68(1)
3 Naturally Occurring Chemical Substances 68(1)
4 Certain forms of Natural Gas 69(1)
5 Special Cases 69(1)
a Hydrates 69(1)
b Mixtures 69(1)
c Alloys 70(1)
B Chemical Substances Partially Exempt from the IUR 70(1)
1 Petroleum Process Streams 71(1)
2 Chemical Substances of Low Interest 71(1)
C Who Must Report for the IUR 72(2)
D What to Report for the IUR 74(1)
1 Information Requirements for All Reportable Chemical Substances Made or Imported in Quantities of Twenty-five Thousand Pounds or More 75(1)
2 Information Requirements for Substances Made or Imported in Quantities of Three-hundred Thousand Pounds or More 76(1)
3 Importers Without Knowledge of Chemical Identity 77(1)
4 Recordkeeping Requirements 78(1)
5 IUR Corrections 78(1)
IV Inventory Representation Issues 79(12)
A Polymers 80(1)
1 Listing Polymers 80(2)
2 The Two Percent Rule 82(4)
B UVCB Substances 86(3)
C Substances Containing Varying Carbon Lengths 89(1)
D Complex Reaction Prodcucts 90(1)
V Inventory Reset 91(1)
VI Enforcement 91(4)
Chapter 4 Premanufacture Notifications 95(46)
I Introduction to the Premanufacture Notification Program 97(1)
II History 98(3)
III Entities that Must File PMNs 101(5)
A Manufacturers and Importers 101(2)
B Entities Must have a Commercial Purpose for Theri Activities 103(1)
C U.S. Entities and "Principal Importers" 104(1)
D Toll Manufacturers 105(1)
IV Filling a PMN 106(30)
A When Filling is Required 106(1)
B How to File a PMN 106(4)
C Data That Must Be Included in the PMN 110(1)
1 Where to Look for Data 110(3)
2 Chemistry 113(2)
3 Manufacturing, Processing, and Use Information 115(2)
4 Test Data and Other Data 117(2)
5 Optional Pollution Prevention Information 119(1)
6 Binding Boxes 120(1)
7 Continuing Obligations 120(1)
8 Confidential Business Information 121(1)
9 PMNs on Related Substances 122(1)
10 Fees 123(1)
11 Recordkeeping 123(1)
D What Happens after a PMN is Submitted 124(5)
E Expedited PMNs---Sustainable Futures 129(1)
F Outcomes of the PMN Process 130(1)
1 Section 5(e) Orders 130(4)
2 Section 5(f) Orders 134(1)
3 Practical Implications 135(1)
G Notice of Commencement 135(1)
V Enforcement 136(5)
Chapter 5 PMN Exclusions and Exemptions 141(60)
I Introduction 143(2)
II Exemptions Not Requiring Prior Notice to the EPA 145(31)
A Byproducts 145(1)
B Research & Development 145(2)
1 Small Quantities for R&D 147(1)
2 Post-R&D Substances 147(1)
3 Risk Evaluation and Notification Requirement 148(2)
4 Technically Qualified Individuals 150(1)
5 Recordkeeping 151(1)
6 Research on Pesticides 152(1)
C The Polymer Exemption 152(1)
1 Current Polymer Exemption 152(1)
2 Eligibility Requirements 153(2)
a Exclusions---Polymers That Must Be on the Inventory 155(4)
b Criteria 159(4)
3 Recordkeeping and Reporting 163(2)
4 Superseded Polymer Exemption 165(2)
5 Practical Implications 167(1)
6 Violations and Enforcement 168(1)
D Chemicals Formed when Other Substances Are Used or Exposed 168(2)
1 Chemicals Formed on Exposure---the (h)(3) Exemption 170(1)
2 Chemicals Formed on Storage or Disposal---the (h)(4) Exemption 170(1)
3 Chemicals Formed on End Use---the (h)(5) Exemption 170(1)
4 Chemicals Formed on Manufacture of an Article---the (h)(6) Exemption 171(1)
5 Chemicals Formed when Property Modifiers Are used---the (h)(7) Exemption 172(4)
E Chemicals Made or Imported Solely for Export, Impurities, and Nonisolated Intermediates 176(1)
III Exemptions Requiring Prior Notice to the EPA 176(25)
A Test Marketing Exemption 178(1)
1 Eligibility Requirements 178(1)
2 Exemption Application 178(2)
3 Continuing Obligations 180(1)
4 Practical Implications 181(1)
B Low-Volume Exemption 182(1)
1 Eligibility Requirements 182(1)
2 Exemption Application 183(1)
3 Continuing Obligations 184(4)
4 LVE Revocation 188(1)
5 Practical Implications 189(1)
C Low Release and Exposure Exemption---LoREX 190(1)
1 Eligibility Requirements 190(2)
2 Exemption Application 192(2)
3 Continuing Obligations 194(3)
4 LoREX Revocation 197(1)
5 Practical Implications 198(1)
D The Polaroid Exemption for Instant Film and Peel-apart Film 199(2)
Chapter 6 Microorganisms 201(8)
I Introduction 202(2)
II Microbial Commercial Activity Notice 204(3)
III TSCA Experimental Release Application 207(1)
IV Enforcement 208(1)
Chapter 7 Reporting and Recordkeeping 209(60)
I Introduction 211(2)
II TSCA § Reports 213(5)
A The Preliminary Assessment Information Rule---PAIR 213(1)
1 Persons Covered/Exemptions 214(1)
2 Chemicals Subject to PAIR Reporting/Lists and Reporting Periods 214(1)
3 Information to Be Reported/Form and Instructions 215(1)
B Other Chemical Specific Rules 216(1)
C Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule---CAIR 216(1)
D Practical Implications 217(1)
III TSCA § 8(c) Recordkeeping---Allegations of Significant Adverse Reactions 218(10)
A Persons Subject/Exemptions 219(3)
B Chemicals Covered 222(1)
C Allegations subject to Recordkeeping 223(2)
D Recordkeeping Requirements 225(1)
E Inspections and Reporting 226(1)
F Practical Implications 227(1)
IV TSCA § 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting 228(5)
A Persons Subject/Exemptions 229(1)
B Chemicals Covered 229(1)
C Information to be Reported 230(2)
D The Reporting Period 232(1)
E Guidance/Management Practices 233(1)
V TSCA § 8(e) Substantial Risk Reporting 233(31)
A The Statutory Language 234(1)
B EPA's Interpretative Guidances 235(2)
C Persons Subject to Reporting 237(2)
D Chemicals Covered 239(3)
E Information That Must Be Reported 242(1)
1 Human Health Effects 243(1)
a Carcinogenicity 244(1)
b Mutagenicity 244(1)
c Acute Toxicity 245(1)
d Neurotoxicity 246(1)
e Subacute or Chronic Toxicity 247(1)
f Skin/Eye Irritation and Sensitization 248(1)
g Benign Tumors 249(1)
h Reproductive or Developmental Toxicity 249(1)
i Previously Unknown Exposure 250(1)
2 Environmental Effects 250(1)
a Non-emergency Situations of Environmental Contamination 251(1)
i Widespread Distribution 251(2)
ii Bioaccumulation 253(1)
iii Adverse Effects 253(1)
iv Changes in Species' Interrelationships 254(1)
v Facile Transformation 254(1)
b Emergency Incidents of Environmental Contamination 255(1)
F Information That Is Not Reportable 255(5)
G How to Submit 260(1)
1 When Submittals Are Due 260(2)
2 Cover Letters 262(1)
3 "FYI" Submissions 262(1)
4 Practical Implications of Submitting 8(e) Studies 263(1)
H Confidentiality 263(1)
VI Enforcement 264(5)
Chapter 8 Exports and Imports 269(38)
I Regulation of Exports 271(14)
A Scope of Coverage of Export Notifications 271(4)
B Content and Timing of Export Notifications 275(3)
C Confidentiality 278(3)
D Ensuring Compliance with Export Notification Requirements 281(1)
1 Match Products to Controlled Chemical Substances 281(1)
2 Export Processing 282(1)
3 Sample Notification Form 283(1)
4 Notification Retention Requirements 284(1)
E Mercury Export Ban 284(1)
II Regulation of Imports 285(16)
A Importer Defined 286(1)
B Import Shipment Certifications 287(1)
1 Individual Shipment Certifications 287(1)
2 Blanket Certifications 288(2)
3 Certifications for Chemical Substances Imported by Mail 290(1)
C Products Subject to Positive Certification 291(2)
D Products Subject to Negative Certification or to No Certification 293(3)
E Import for Export Only 296(1)
F Basis of Certification 296(2)
G Additional TSCA Requirements Applicable to Importers 298(1)
H Ensuring Compliance with import Certification Requirements 299(1)
1 General Importation Arrangements 300(1)
2 Determining Type of Certification Required, if Any 300(1)
3 Documentation and Certification Retention Requirements 301(1)
III Enforcement 301(6)
A EPA Enforcement 302(2)
B Customs Enforcement 304(1)
1 Detention Procedures 304(1)
2 Post-detention Options 304(3)
Chapter 9 Test Rules 307(18)
I Objectives of Legislation 308(2)
II Threshold Requirements for Issuing Test Rules 310(13)
A Who Must Perform Testing 310(1)
B Contents of Test Rules 311(1)
C Exemption from Test Rules 312(1)
D Hazardous Air Pollutants 313(1)
E Use of Test Results 313(1)
F Export Notification 314(1)
G The Interagency Testing Committee 314(2)
H Interpretations and Guidance 316(1)
1 Meaning of "Unreasonable Risk" 316(2)
2 Meaning of "Substantial Quantities" or "Substantial Human Exposure" 318(2)
3 Enforceable Consent Agreements and Voluntary Testing Agreements 320(1)
4 The Regulations on Consent Agreements 321(1)
5 Compliance and Procedures 322(1)
III Enforcement 323(2)
Chapter 10 Voluntary Initiatives 325(20)
I Background of Voluntary Initiatives 326(2)
II High Production Volume Challenge Program 328(8)
A The Voluntary Program 329(1)
1 Program Mechanics 329(2)
2 Program Results 331(1)
B Orphan Chemicals 332(1)
1 Test Rules 333(2)
2 Reporting Rules 335(1)
III Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program 336(5)
A Program Mechanics 337(1)
1 Selection of Chemicals for VCCEP 337(1)
2 Submission Collection Tiers 338(1)
3 Sponsor Commitments 339(1)
B Program Evaluation 339(2)
IV Nanoscale Materials Stewardship Program 341(1)
V Shifting Winds 342(3)
Chapter 11 Bans and Restrictions 345(44)
I Introduction to Types of Restrictions 347(5)
A Regulatory Action to Address a Finding of Unreasonable Risk 348(2)
1 Procedures for Rulemaking 350(1)
2 Corrosion Proof Fittings and the Asbestos Rule 350(2)
II Regulation of PCBs under TSCA § 6(e) 352(27)
A The Statutory Prohibition on Manufacture, Processing, and Distribution of PCBs 354(1)
B The Regulatory Scheme 355(1)
1 Regulation of PCBs at the 50 ppm Level 355(2)
2 PCB Terminology 357(1)
a Definition of PCBs and the Discounting Factor 357(2)
b Excluded Manufacturing Processes, Excluded PCB Products, and Recycled PCBs 359(2)
c "PCB Bulk Product Waste,""PCB-Contaminated," "PCB Transformer," and Other Regulatory PCB Nomenclature 361(1)
C Prohibitions and Authorized PCB Activities 362(1)
1 "Totally Enclosed Manner" 362(1)
2 Authorizations 363(1)
a Transformers 364(2)
b Porous Surfaces 366(1)
3 Exemptions 366(1)
D Marking of PCBs and PCB Items 367(1)
E Storage and Disposal 367(1)
1 Storage for Reuse 367(1)
2 Storage and Disposal of PCB Wastes 368(1)
a Storage for Disposal 368(1)
b Disposal of PCB Wastes 369(2)
F Remediation of PCBs and the PCB Spill Cleanup Policy 371(1)
1 Self-implementing Cleanup and Disposal 371(1)
2 Performance-based Disposal Option 372(1)
3 Risk-based Disposal Option 373(1)
4 The PCB Spill Cleanup Policy 373(1)
a Reporting Requirements 374(1)
b Requirements for Spill Cleanups 375(1)
5 Transfer of Contaminated Real Property 376(1)
G Import and Export of PCBs for Disposal 376(1)
H Notification of PCB Waste Activity, Manifests, Records, and Reports 377(1)
1 Notifications and Manifesting PCB Waste 377(2)
2 Records 379(1)
III Mercury Federal Agency Ban 379(1)
IV CFCs 380(1)
V Hexavalent Chromium 380(1)
VI Metalworking Fluids 381(1)
VII Chemicals Under Evalution 382(2)
VIII Enforcement 384(5)
A PCB Penalty Policy 384(4)
B Enforcement Actions and Inspections 388(1)
Chapter 12 Significant New Use Rules 389(52)
I Introduction to Significant New Use Rules---SNURs 390(3)
II Practical Implications 393(1)
III When and How SNURs Are Issued 393(2)
IV How to Determine if a SNUR Exists 395(1)
V How to Determine if a SNUR on a Substance Identified by Generic Name Is Applicable 396(1)
VI How to Read a SNUR 397(2)
VII Bona Fide Letters to Determine a Confidential Manufacturing Limit 399(2)
VIII Standardized Set of Significant New Uses 401(25)
A Significant New use if Used Without Workplace Protection 402(4)
B Significant New Use if Used Without a Hazard Communication Program 406(11)
C Significant New Uses Involving Industiral, commercial, and Consumer Activities 417(4)
D Significant New Uses Involving Disposal 421(2)
E Significant New Uses Involving Releases to Water 423(3)
IX Alternative Controls 426(2)
X Entities That Must File Significant New Use Notices---SNUNs 428(3)
XI Exemptions from SNUR Requirements 431(2)
XII R&D Exemption for SNURs 433(1)
XIII Filing a SNUN 434(3)
A Recordkeeping Requirements 435(2)
XIV Exporting a SNUR Substance 437(1)
XV Enforcement 437(1)
XVI Current Issues 438(3)
Chapter 13 Compliance Programs 441(50)
I The Landscape 443(2)
II Government Policies Encouraging Compliance Programs 445(14)
A The Organizational Sentencing Guidelines 445(1)
1 Legal Framework of the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines 445(2)
2 Elements of an Effective OSG Compliance Program 447(5)
3 Additional General Concepts Applicable to Effective Programs 452(1)
B Department of Justice Voluntary Disclosure Policy for Environmental Violations 453(2)
C Federal Prosecution of Corporations 455(3)
D EPA Audit Policy 458(1)
III Management Systems 459(4)
A International Organization for Standardization 460(1)
B EPA National Enforcement Investigations Center 461(2)
IV Company-specific Program Development 463(28)
A Status Quo Assessment 463(1)
1 Overall Assessment 463(2)
2 TSCA Requirements Matrix by Function 465(3)
B Compliance Program Implementation 468(1)
1 Management Support 468(5)
2 Organizational Infrastructure 473(1)
3 Employee Reporting Mechanisms 474(2)
4 Procedure Development Process 476(4)
5 Training 480(4)
6 Goals and Incentives 484(1)
7 Auditing 485(2)
8 Corrective Actions 487(1)
9 Management Review 488(1)
10 Recordkeeping 489(1)
11 Community Outreach 489(2)
Chapter 14 Penalties and Enforcement 491(60)
I Statutory Basis for Enforcement 493(1)
II EPA Enforcement Statistics 493(2)
III Law 495(7)
A What Constitutes a Violation of TSCA 495(2)
B Civil and Criminal Enforcement 497(3)
C Specific Enforcement and Seizure 500(1)
D Imminent Hazard Seizure and Injunctions 500(2)
E Whistleblower Protection 502(1)
IV EPA Enforcement Policies and Procedures 502(33)
A EPA's Enforcement Response Policies 503(5)
B Penalty Assessments 508(1)
1 Negotiating a Penalty 508(1)
a Supplemental Environmental Projects 509(2)
b Economic Benefit 511(1)
c Audits 512(1)
d Ability to Pay 512(1)
2 Complaints 512(1)
3 Defenses 513(1)
a Statute of Limitations 513(1)
b Estoppel 513(1)
c The Paperwork Reduction Act 514(1)
d Jurisdiction 514(1)
e Invalidity of an Order 515(1)
4 Consent Agreements 515(1)
5 Appeals to the Office of Administrative Law and Environmental Review Board 516(1)
6 Appeals to the Circuit Court 517(1)
C EPA's Audit Policy 517(1)
1 Introduction 517(1)
2 Complete Penalty Mitigation 518(7)
3 75 percent Penalty Mitigation 525(1)
4 Limits on Penalty Mitigation 525(1)
5 Additional Audit Policy Incentives 525(1)
D EPA's Small Business Compliance Policy 526(2)
E EPA Inspections 528(2)
1 EPA's Policies 530(1)
2 Responding to an Inspection 530(5)
V Self-Reporting Violations to the EPA 535(3)
A No Obligation to Self-Report 535(1)
B Advantages of Self-Reporting 535(1)
C Disadvantages of Self-Reporting 536(1)
D Procedure for Self-Reporting 536(2)
VI Private Enforcement Options 538(13)
A Citizens' Suits 539(1)
1 Procedures 539(1)
2 Remedies 540(2)
B Citizens' Petitions 542(1)
1 Procedures 542(1)
2 Preparing a Citizens' Petition 543(2)
3 Citizens' Petitions Practice Under TSCA 545(2)
4 Legal Standard of Review of Citizens' Petitions 547(1)
C Interplay between Private Enforcement Options Under TSCA 548(3)
Chapter 15 Acquisitions and Divestitures 551(28)
I Audit Policy as Applied to New Owners 552(1)
II Buyer's Investigation 553(8)
A Questions to Ask and Documents to Review 555(1)
B Documents to Copy 555(6)
III Seller's Pre-Sale Analysis 561(8)
A Questions to Ask and Documents to Review 562(6)
B Documents to Retain 568(1)
IV Transfer Requirements 569(3)
V PCB-contaminated Sites 572(1)
VI Contractual Allocations of Rights, Obligations, and Liabilities 572(3)
A Representations and Warranties 572(1)
1 Compliance with Law 573(1)
2 Availability of Information 574(1)
B Indemnities 575(1)
VII Post-Closing Obligations 575(1)
VIII Business Integration 576(3)
Chapter 16 Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act 579(32)
I Asbestos, a Short History 580(2)
II Requirements of the Act and Implementing Regulations 582(20)
A Inspections 583(2)
B Reinspections 585(1)
C Periodic Surveillance 586(1)
D Sampling, Analysis, and Assessment 587(3)
E Response Actions 590(3)
F Transportation and Disposal 593(1)
G Training and Labeling 593(2)
H Management Plans 595(3)
I Recordkeeping 598(2)
J Waiver and Delegation to States 600(2)
K Miscellaneous Provisions 602(1)
III Enforcement 602(9)
A Civil Penalty System 603(1)
1 Lower Tier Penalties 604(4)
2 Higher Tier Penalties 608(1)
B Injunctions, Citizens' Suits, and Criminal Enforcement 608(1)
C Inspections and Audits 609(1)
D State Enforcement 610(1)
Chapter 17 Indoor Radon Abatement Act 611(18)
I Radon, a Short History 612(2)
II Requirements of the Act 614(10)
A EPA Citizen's Guide 615(1)
B Model Construction Standards and Techniques 616(1)
C Technical Assistance to States for Radon Programs 617(2)
D Grant Assistance to States for Radon Programs 619(2)
E Radon in Schools 621(1)
F Regional Radon Training Centers 622(1)
G Study of Radon in Federal Buildings 623(1)
III Summary of State Radon Legislation 624(3)
A State Programs in Existence Before Indoor Radon Abatement Act 625(1)
B Current Status of State Radon Programs 626(1)
IV Indoor Radon Air Abatement Effectiveness 627(2)
Chapter 18 Lead 629(22)
I Introduction to Lead Regulation 630(1)
II TSCA Lead Programs 631(1)
III The Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule 632(8)
A Scope of Rule 632(3)
B Certification and Training 635(1)
C Distributing Informational Pamphlets before Renovating---the Pre-Renovation Education Rule 636(2)
D Work Practice Standards 638(2)
E Recordkeeping and Reporting 640(1)
IV The Disclosure Rule---Disclosure of Known Lead on Sale or Rental of Target Housing 640(2)
V Lead-Based Paint Activities 642(2)
VI Dangerous Levels of Lead---the Lead Rule 644(1)
VII State and Tribal Programs 644(1)
VIII Lead in Children's Products and Fishing Sinkers 645(1)
IX Enforcement 646(5)
A Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule Enforcement 646(1)
B Disclosure Rule Enforcement 647(4)
Chapter 19 Healthy High-Performance Schools Act 651(10)
I Context of the Act 652(2)
II Requirements of the Act 654(7)
A Grants for Healthy School Environments 654(2)
B Model Guidelines for Siting of School Facilities 656(2)
C Public Outreach 658(1)
D Environmental Health Program 659(1)
E Authorization of Appropriations 660(1)
Chapter 20 Practice Tools 661(306)
I Chapter Resources 664(31)
A Chapter 2 TSCA's Scope Resources 664(2)
B Chapter 3 The Inventory Resources 666(3)
C Chapter 4 Premanufacture Notifications Resources 669(3)
D Chapter 5 PMN Exclusions and Exemptions Resources 672(2)
E Chapter 6 Microorganisms Resources 674(1)
F Chapter 7 Reporting and Recordkeeping Resources 675(2)
G Chapter 8 Exports and Imports Resources 677(2)
H Chapter 9 Test Rules Resources 679(1)
I Chapter 10 Voluntary Initiatives Resources 679(3)
J Chapter 11 Bans and Restrictions Resources 682(2)
K Chapter 12 Significant New use Rules Resources 684(1)
L Chapter 13 Compliance Programs Resources 685(1)
M Chapter 14 Penalties and Enforcement Resources 686(2)
N Chapter 15 Acquisitions and Divestitures Resources 688(1)
O Chapter 16 Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act Resources 689(1)
P Chapter 17 Indoor Radon Abatement Act Resources 690(1)
Q Chapter 18 Lead Resources 691(1)
R Chapter 19 Healthy High-Performance Schools Resources 692(1)
S Chapter 20 Section VI Supplementary Research Resources 693(2)
II Procedures 695(90)
A Model Procedure Template 695(3)
B Procedure Number CORP.17, Process or Design Change Review 698(3)
C Procedure Number CORP.19, Control of Nonconforming Commercial Product 701(4)
D Procedure Number CORP.20, Assessment of New Suppliers 705(3)
E Procedure Number CORP.26, New Product Development 708(10)
F Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 2, Premanufacture Notifications and Notices of Commencement 718(6)
G Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 3, Procedure for the Test Marketing Exemption from PMN and SNUR Requirements 724(6)
H Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 4, Procedure for LVE and LoREX Exemptions from PMN Requirements 730(9)
I Procedure Number Reg. Aff. 25, TSCA § 8(e) and 8(c) Compliance 739(7)
1 Introduction to the TSCA § 8(e) Reporting Checklists 746(6)
2 Environmental 752(1)
a Checklist to Determine Whether Non-Emergency Incidents of Environmental Contamination are Reportable Under Section V(b)(1) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 752(1)
b Checklist to Determine Whether Previously Unknown Bioaccumulation or Presence in Organisms is Reportable based on Section V(b)(2) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 753(1)
c Checklist to Determine Whether Previously Unknown Environmental Effects are Reportable Based on Section V(b)(3)(4) and (5) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 754(2)
d Checklist to Determine Whether Emergency Incidents of Environmental Contamination are Reportable Under TSCA 8(e) Based on Section V(c) of EPA's 2003 Policy Statement 756(1)
3 Checklist to Determine Whether a Multigeneration Reproduction or Reproductive/Developmental Study is 8(e) Reportable 757(1)
4 Checklist to Determine Whether a Sensitization Study is 8(e) Reportable 758(1)
5 Checklist to Determine Whether a LD50/LC50 Test is 8(e) Reportable 759(1)
6 Subacute/Subchronic/Chronic 760(1)
a Checklist to Determine Whether a Subacute/Subchronic/Chronic Study is 8(e) Reportable 760(1)
b Checklist to Determine Whether A Study Exhibits Neurotoxic Effects 761(1)
7 Checklist to Determine Whether Skin or Eye Irritation/Corrosivity Study is 8(e) Reportable 762(1)
J Procedure Number International Operations 1, Importing Chemical Substances 763(4)
K Procedure Number International Operations 2, Exporting Commercial Shipments 767(3)
L Procedure Number Lab. 11, Qualifying for the R&D Exemption at Laboratories 770(3)
M Procedure Number Lab. 5, Sampling R&D Substances to Third Parties 773(8)
N Procedure Number Pilot Plant 11, Qualifying for the R&D Exemption at Pilot Plants 781(4)
III Model Bona Fide Request for Inventory Listing 785(5)
IV Sample TSCA Awareness Training Program 790(27)
V Confidentiality 817(3)
VI Supplementary Research Sources 820(8)
VII Toxic Substances Control Act Statute 828(139)
VIII Resource CD (Inside back Cover)
Index 967
- 名称
- 类型
- 大小
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