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"This is a superb work of scholarship, impossible to overpraise.... It marks a milestone in the 20-year rise of gay and lesbian studies."--Martin Duberman, The Advocate
The men of Renaissance Florence were so renowned for sodomy that "Florenzer" in German meant "sodomite." In the late fifteenth century, as many as one in two Florentine men had come to the attention of the authorities for sodomy by the time they were thirty. In 1432 The Office of the Night was created specifically to police sodomy in Florence. Indeed, nearly all Florentine males probably had some kind of same-sex experience as a part of their "normal" sexual life.
Seventy years of denunciations, interrogations, and sentencings left an extraordinarily detailed record, which author Michael Rocke has used in his vivid depiction of this vibrant sexual culture in a world where these same-sex acts were not the deviant transgressions of a small minority, but an integral part of a normal masculine identity. Rocke roots this sexual activity in the broader context of Renaissance Florence, with its social networks of families, juvenile gangs, neighbors, patronage, workshops, and confraternities, and its busy political life from the early years of the Republic through the period of Lorenzo de' Medici, Savonarola, and the beginning of Medici princely rule. His richly detailed book paints a fascinating picture of Renaissance Florence and calls into question our modern conceptions of gender and sexual identity.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Introduction: Florence and Sodomy 3(16)
PART I
Making Problems: Preoccupations and Controversy over Sodomy in the Early Fifteenth Century 19(26)
Traditional Controls 20(6)
Agitation for Reform, 1400--1432 26(10)
The Attack from the Pulpit: Bernardino of Siena 36(9)
The Officers of the Night 45(42)
The Institution 47(7)
Politics and Sodomy in the 1430s 54(6)
The Turning Point in the Late 1450s 60(6)
The Magistrates at Work 66(14)
Community Controls 80(7)
PART II
``He Keeps Him Like a Woman'': Age and Gender in the Social Organization of Sodomy 87(25)
Sexual Roles and Behavior 89(5)
Boys and Men 94(7)
Becoming a Man 101(11)
Social Profiles 112(36)
Young and Old 113(6)
Bachelors and Husbands 119(13)
Provenance and Residence 132(2)
Social Composition 134(14)
``Great Love and Good Brotherhood'': Sodomy and Male Sociability 148(47)
Encounters 151(10)
The Character of Sodomitical Relations 161(14)
Family Complicity 175(7)
Friends, Networks, Sodalities 182(13)
PART III
Politics and Sodomy in the Late Fifteenth Century: The Medici, Savonarola, and the Abolition of the Night Officers 195(32)
The Lorenzan Age 197(4)
The Coming Scourge 201(3)
The Spirit and the Flesh: Sodomy in Savonarolan Florence 204(19)
The Suppression of the Office of the Night 223(4)
Epilogue: Change and Continuity in the Policing of Sodomy in the Sixteenth Century 227(10)
Appendix A: Penalties Levied 237(6)
Appendix B: Statistical Tables 243(10)
Notes 253(78)
Bibliography 331(16)
Index 347
Introduction: Florence and Sodomy 3(16)
PART I
Making Problems: Preoccupations and Controversy over Sodomy in the Early Fifteenth Century 19(26)
Traditional Controls 20(6)
Agitation for Reform, 1400--1432 26(10)
The Attack from the Pulpit: Bernardino of Siena 36(9)
The Officers of the Night 45(42)
The Institution 47(7)
Politics and Sodomy in the 1430s 54(6)
The Turning Point in the Late 1450s 60(6)
The Magistrates at Work 66(14)
Community Controls 80(7)
PART II
``He Keeps Him Like a Woman'': Age and Gender in the Social Organization of Sodomy 87(25)
Sexual Roles and Behavior 89(5)
Boys and Men 94(7)
Becoming a Man 101(11)
Social Profiles 112(36)
Young and Old 113(6)
Bachelors and Husbands 119(13)
Provenance and Residence 132(2)
Social Composition 134(14)
``Great Love and Good Brotherhood'': Sodomy and Male Sociability 148(47)
Encounters 151(10)
The Character of Sodomitical Relations 161(14)
Family Complicity 175(7)
Friends, Networks, Sodalities 182(13)
PART III
Politics and Sodomy in the Late Fifteenth Century: The Medici, Savonarola, and the Abolition of the Night Officers 195(32)
The Lorenzan Age 197(4)
The Coming Scourge 201(3)
The Spirit and the Flesh: Sodomy in Savonarolan Florence 204(19)
The Suppression of the Office of the Night 223(4)
Epilogue: Change and Continuity in the Policing of Sodomy in the Sixteenth Century 227(10)
Appendix A: Penalties Levied 237(6)
Appendix B: Statistical Tables 243(10)
Notes 253(78)
Bibliography 331(16)
Index 347
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