Property law : rules, policies, and practices / 3rd ed.

Table Of Contents:
Preface xli
A Guide to the Book xlv
How to Brief a Case and Prepare for Class lxi
Acknowledgments lxvii
I Access to Property 1(196)

Competing Claims to Original Acquisition of Property 3(102)

Conquest 3(23)

Property Rights Derived from Competing Sovereigns 3(1)

Johnson v. M'Intosh 4(11)

Notes and Questions 15(1)

Forced Seizures of Property from American Indian Nations 15(1)

Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States 15(6)

Notes and Questions 21(1)

Current Indian Land Claims 22(2)

Problem 24(2)

Government Grant 26(9)

Homestead Acts and Land Grants 26(1)

Squatters 27(1)

Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth-Century United States 27(2)

James Willard Hurst

Freed Slaves 29(1)

Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery 29(3)

Leon Litwack

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself 32(1)

Harriet A. Jacobs

Notes and Questions 32(1)

Problem 33(1)

The Right of Families to Stay Together and Basic Needs Fulfillment 33(2)

Labor and Investment 35(28)

News and the Law of Unfair Competition 35(1)

International News Service v. Associated Press 35(11)

Notes and Questions 46(3)

Problems 49(2)

Patents in Human Genes 51(1)

Moore v. Regents of the University of California 51(8)

Notes and Questions 59(1)

Problem 60(1)

Work and Family 60(1)

Upton v. JWP Businessland, Inc. 60(2)

Notes and Questions 62(1)

Family 63(14)

Wills and Inheritance 63(1)

Babbitt v. Youpee 63(5)

Notes and Questions 68(1)

Problem 69(1)

Marriage 69(2)

Montana Equitable Distribution Statute 71(1)

In re Marriage of King 72(1)

Notes and Questions 73(2)

Problem 75(1)

Gifts 76(1)

Problems 77(1)

Possession 77(21)

Wild Animals 77(1)

Pierson v. Post 78(3)

Notes and Questions 81(1)

Oil and Gas 82(1)

Elliff v. Texon Drilling Co. 82(5)

The New Property of the Nineteenth Century: The Development of the Modern Concept of Property 87(2)

Kenneth Vandevelde

Problem 89(1)

Water 90(1)

Groundwater 90(1)

Streams 91(1)

Problems 92(1)

Finders 92(1)

Charrier v. Bell 92(4)

Notes and Questions 96(2)

Problems 98(1)

Transfer: Relativity of Title 98(7)

Real Property 98(1)

Tapscott v. Lessee of Cobbs 99(3)

Notes and Questions 102(1)

Problem 102(1)

Personal Property 103(1)

Problems 104(1)

Trespass and Public Rights of Access to Property 105(92)

Trespass 105(23)

Public Policy Limits on the Right to Exclude 105(1)

State v. Shack 106(5)

Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. 111(4)

Notes and Questions 115(3)

Problems 118(1)

Right of Reasonable Access to Property Open to the Public 119(1)

Uston v. Resorts International Hotel, Inc. 119(3)

Spirit-Murdering the Messenger: The Discourse of Fingerpointing as the Law's Response to Racism 122(1)

Patricia J. Williams

The Intelligent Bayesian 123(1)

Walter E. Williams

Notes and Questions 124(2)

Problems 126(2)

Public Accommodations Statutes and Antidiscrimination Policy 128(32)

Race, Sex and Sexual Orientation Discrimination 128(1)

Federal Law 128(1)

Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title II 128(1)

Civil Rights Act of 1866 129(1)

Notes and Questions 130(4)

The Common Law Tradition: Deciding Appeals 134(2)

Karl Llewellyn

Problems 136(1)

State Laws 137(1)

New Jersey Law Against Discrimination 137(1)

Dale v. Boy Scouts of America 138(9)

Notes and Questions 147(3)

Problems 150(1)

Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities 151(1)

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title III 152(5)

Problems 157(3)

Free Speech Rights of Access to Private Property 160(22)

United States Constitution: The First Amendment 160(1)

Lloyd Corp., Ltd. v. Tanner 160(7)

State Constitutions: The Right to Speak Freely 167(1)

New Jersey Coalition Against War in the Middle East v. J.M.B. Realty Corp. 167(11)

Notes and Questions 178(3)

Problems 181(1)

Beach Access and the Public Trust 182(9)

Matthews v. Bay Head Improvement Association 182(6)

Notes and Questions 188(3)

Problem 191(1)

The Right to Be Somewhere and the Problem of Homelessness 191(6)
II Relations Among Neighbors 197(356)

Adverse Possession 199(56)

Title versus Possession 199(22)

Border Disputes 199(1)

Brown v. Gobble 199(7)

Color of Title 206(1)

Romero v. Garcia 206(2)

Squatters 208(1)

Nome 2000 v. Fagerstrom 208(5)

Notes and Questions 213(8)

Hohfeldian Terminology 221(5)

Jural Relations and Their Classification 221(1)

Arthur Corbin

The Legal Rights Debate in Analytical Jurisprudence from Bentham to Hohfeld 222(2)

Joseph William Singer

Notes and Questions 224(2)

Justifications for Adverse Possession: ``Roots Which We Should Not Disturb'' or ``Land Piracy''? 226(6)

Problems 231(1)

Prescriptive Easements 232(8)

Community Feed Store, Inc. v. Northeastern Culvert Corp. 232(4)

Notes and Questions 236(3)

Problems 239(1)

Other Informal Ways to Transfer Title to Real Property 240(12)

The Improving Trespasser 241(1)

Removal of Encroaching Structure: Relative Hardship 241(3)

Unjust Enrichment versus Forced Sale 244(1)

Somerville v. Jacobs 244(4)

Notes and Questions 248(1)

Problem 249(1)

Boundary Settlement 250(1)

Oral Agreement 250(1)

Acquiescence 251(1)

Estoppel 251(1)

Dedication 251(1)

Adverse Possession of Personal Property 252(3)

Problem 253(2)

Nuisance: Rules Governing Relations Among Neighbors in the Absence of Agreement 255(104)

Land Use Conflicts Among Neighbors 255(5)

Trespassory and Nontrespassory Invasions 255(1)

Basic Solutions to Land Use Conflicts Between Neighbors 256(1)

Entitlements 256(1)

Remedies 257(2)

The Reciprocal Nature of the Problem 259(1)

The Problem of Social Cost 259(1)

Ronald Coase

Notes and Questions 259(1)

Water Rights 260(12)

Diffuse Surface Water: Flooding Problems 260(1)

Legal Doctrines 260(1)

Armstrong v. Francis Corp. 260(5)

Notes and Questions 265(1)

Policy Arguments 266(1)

Rights: Freedom of Action versus Security 267(1)

Social Utility: Competition versus Secure Investment 268(2)

Formal Realizability or Administrability: Rigid Rules versus Flexible Standards 270(2)

Problem 272(1)

Water as a Commercial Resource 272(1)

Support Easements 272(33)

Lateral Support 273(1)

Common Law 273(1)

Noone v. Price 273(5)

Notes and Questions 278(2)

Building Codes and Private Rights of Action 280(1)

Massachusetts General Laws 280(1)

Massachusetts Building Code 281(1)

Notes and Questions 281(1)

Problem 282(1)

Subjacent Support 282(1)

Right to Dig versus Right to Support 282(1)

Friendswood Development Co. v. Smith-Southwest Industries, Inc. 282(8)

Notes and Questions 290(3)

Problems 293(1)

Precedent 294(1)

The Bramble Bush 294(5)

Karl Llewellyn

Judicial Role 299(1)

Courts, Legislatures and Paternalism 299(4)

David Shapiro

Catcher in the Rye Jurisprudence 303(2)

Joseph William Singer

Nuisance 305(54)

Protection of Use and Enjoyment of Land 305(3)

Radiation: Defining Unreasonable Land Use 308(1)

Page County Appliance Center, Inc. v. Honeywell, Inc. 308(3)

Notes and Questions 311(7)

Problems 318(1)

Light and Air 319(1)

Rejection of Nuisance Doctrine: No Easement for Light and Air 319(1)

Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five, Inc. 319(2)

Law and Economics 321(20)

Nuisance Doctrine Applied to Light 341(1)

Prah v. Maretti 341(6)

Notes and Questions 347(2)

Arguments and Counterarguments 349(10)

Servitudes: Public Regulation of Private Agreements Restricting Land Use 359(194)

Servitudes 359(3)

Licenses 362(1)

Easements 363(51)

Creation by Implication 363(1)

Easements by Estoppel (Irrevocable Licenses) 363(1)

Holbrook v. Taylor 363(3)

Constructive Trusts 366(1)

Rase v. Castle Mountain Ranch, Inc. 366(6)

Notes and Questions 372(5)

Problem 377(1)

Prescriptive Easements 377(1)

Easements Implied from Prior Use 377(1)

Granite Properties Limited Partnership v. Manns 377(7)

Easements by Necessity 384(1)

Finn v. Williams 384(2)

Notes and Questions 386(3)

Problem 389(1)

Creation by Express Agreement 390(1)

Historical Background 390(1)

Formal Requirements to Create 390(1)

Writing 390(1)

Rule Against Reserving an Easement in a Third Party 391(1)

Validity: Substantive Limitations on the Kinds of Easements That Can Be Created 392(1)

Limits on Negative Easements 392(1)

No Affirmative Easements to Act on One's Own Land 393(1)

Running with the Land 394(1)

Requirements for the Burden to Run with the Land 394(2)

Requirements for the Benefit to Run with the Land (Appurtenant versus In Gross) 396(1)

Green v. Lupo 396(3)

Notes and Questions 399(1)

Interpretation of Ambiguous Easements: Scope and Apportionment 400(1)

Appurtenant Easements 400(1)

Cox v. Glenbrook Company 400(6)

Easements in Gross 406(1)

Henley v. Continental Cablevision of St. Louis County, Inc. 406(3)

Notes and Questions 409(3)

Problems 412(1)

Modifying and Terminating Easements 413(1)

Covenants 414(69)

Historical Background 414(2)

Creation of Covenants 416(1)

Express Agreement 416(1)

Whitinsville Plaza v. Kotseas 416(6)

Notes and Questions 422(19)

Problem 441(1)

Implied Reciprocal Negative Servitudes in Residential Subdivisions 442(1)

Evans v. Pollock 443(4)

Sanborn v. McLean 447(3)

Riley v. Bear Creek Planning Committee 450(6)

Notes and Questions 456(3)

Problems 459(2)

Interpretation of Ambiguous Covenants 461(1)

Blevins v. Barry-Lawrence County Association for Retarded Citizens 461(3)

Notes and Questions 464(3)

Problem 467(1)

Modifying and Terminating Covenants 467(1)

Changed Conditions 467(1)

El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach 467(4)

Notes and Questions 471(2)

Relative Hardship 473(1)

Other Equitable Defenses 474(1)

Problems 475(1)

Statutes 476(1)

Massachusetts General Laws 477(1)

Blakeley v. Gorin 477(5)

Notes and Questions 482(1)

Problems 482(1)

Regulation of Covenants and Homeowners Associations 483(70)

Common Interest Communities 483(1)

Homeowners Associations and Condominiums 483(2)

Cooperatives 485(1)

Community Land Trusts and Limited Equity Coops 485(2)

Private Governments and Gated Communities 487(1)

Relations Between Unit Owners and Developers 488(1)

Appel v. Presley Companies 488(3)

Notes and Questions 491(1)

Racially Discriminatory Covenants 492(1)

Shelley v. Kraemer 493(6)

Evans v. Abney 499(9)

Notes and Questions 508(3)

Problems 511(1)

Restraints on Alienation 511(1)

Direct Restraints on Alienation 512(1)

Horse Pond Fish & Game Club, Inc. v. Cormier 512(3)

Consent to Sell Provisions 515(1)

Grantor Consent Clauses 515(1)

Northwest Real Estate Co. v. Serio 515(1)

Riste v. Eastern Washington Bible Camp, Inc. 516(2)

Consent of the Association 518(1)

Aquarian Foundation, Inc. v. Sholom House, Inc. 518(3)

Rights of First Refusal or Preemptive Rights 521(1)

Wolinsky v. Kadison 521(3)

Notes and Questions 524(6)

Problem 530(1)

Restrictions on Leasing 530(1)

Breene v. Plaza Towers Association 530(3)

Notes and Questions 533(1)

Anticompetitive Covenants 534(2)

Problem 536(1)

Public Policy Limitations and Review for Reasonableness 537(1)

Covenants 537(1)

Davidson Brothers, Inc. v. D. Katz & Sons, Inc. 537(6)

Notes and Questions 543(2)

Problems 545(1)

Rules and By-Laws 546(1)

O'Buck v. Cottonwood Village Condominium Association, Inc. 546(4)

Notes and Questions 550(1)

Problems 551(2)
III Common Ownership of Property 553(180)

Present Estates and Future Interests 555(84)

Division of Ownership Over Time 555(3)

Historical Background: From Feudalism to the Market 558(11)

A Modern Analogy 558(1)

The Feudal Hierarchy 559(1)

Free Tenures 560(1)

Tenures and Services 560(1)

Feudal Incidents 560(1)

Unfree Tenures 561(1)

Growth of the Free Simple 562(1)

Inheritability 562(1)

Alienability 562(1)

Avoiding Feudal Incidents 563(1)

The Perpetual Conflict Between the Generations: Dead Hand Control and Alienability 564(2)

Historical Categories of Current Significance 566(1)

Freehold and Nonfreehold Interests 566(1)

Legal and Equitable Interests: Executory Interests and the Development of Trusts 566(3)

The Estates System 569(11)

Fee Simple Interests 569(1)

Fee Simple Absolute 569(1)

Defeasible Fees 569(3)

Life Estates 572(1)

Reversions and Remainders 572(1)

Contingent and Vested Remainders 573(2)

Destructibility of Contingent Remainders 575(1)

Doctrine of Worthier Title 576(1)

Rule in Shelley's Case 576(1)

Fee Tail 577(1)

Regulation of Future Interests 577(1)

Trusts 578(1)

Summary 578(1)

Estates System: Chart of Freehold Interests 579(1)

Interpretation of Ambiguous Conveyances 580(14)

Presumption Against Forfeitures and the Grantor's Intent 580(1)

Fee Simple versus Defeasible Fee 580(1)

Wood v. Board of County Commissioners of Fremont County 580(2)

Cathedral of the Incarnation in the Diocese of Long Island, Inc. v. Garden City Company 582(4)

Fee Simple versus Life Estate 586(1)

Edwards v. Bradley 586(2)

Notes and Questions 588(4)

Trusts and the Cy Pres Doctrine 592(2)

Regulatory Rules 594(45)

Rule Against Creation of New Estates 594(1)

Johnson v. Whiton 595(1)

Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Alienation 596(1)

Rule Against Perpetuities 596(1)

Traditional Rule 596(5)

Modern Modifications 601(1)

Wait and See, or Second Look 601(1)

Equitable Reformation or Cy Pres 601(1)

Statutory Limits on Future Interests 602(1)

Statutory Cut-offs for Possibilities of Reverter and Rights of Entry 602(1)

Marketable Title Acts 603(1)

Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities 603(1)

Abolition of the Rule 604(1)

Examples and Explanations 604(5)

Options to Purchase 609(1)

Central Delaware County Authority v. Greyhound Corp. 609(4)

Texaco Refining and Marketing, Inc. v. Samowitz 613(1)

Preemptive Rights 614(1)

Cambridge Co. v. East Slope Investment Corp. 614(4)

Notes and Questions 618(4)

Problem 622(1)

Waste 622(1)

Moore v. Phillips 622(4)

Notes and Questions 626(1)

Racial Conditions 627(2)

Problem 629(2)

Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Marriage 631(1)

Lewis v. Searles 631(4)

Re-Reading Contracts: A Feminist Analysis of a Contracts Casebook 635(1)

Mary Joe Frug

Notes and Questions 636(3)

Concurrent Ownership and Family Property 639(94)

Varieties of Common Ownership 639(1)

Rights and Obligations of Co-Owners 640(6)

Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy 640(6)

Tenancy by the Entirety 646(1)

Conflicts over Rent and Possession 646(4)

Olivas v. Olivas 646(3)

Notes and Questions 649(1)

Problem 649(1)

Conflits over Transfers by One Co-Owner 650(15)

Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy 650(1)

Family Conflicts over Use of Common Property 650(1)

Carr v. Deking 650(2)

Death 652(1)

Tenhet v. Boswell 652(3)

Divorce 655(1)

Kresha v. Kresha 655(2)

Notes and Questions 657(2)

Problem 659(1)

Tenancy by the Entirety 659(1)

Sawada v. Endo 659(4)

Notes and Questions 663(1)

Problem 664(1)

Marital Property 665(23)

Historical Background 665(1)

Coverture, Dower and Curtesy 665(1)

Married Women's Property Acts 666(1)

Community Property and Separate Property 667(1)

Separate Property 668(1)

During Marriage 668(1)

On Divorce 668(1)

On Death 669(1)

Community Property 669(1)

During Marriage 669(1)

On Divorce 670(1)

On Death 670(1)

Premarital Agreements 670(1)

Marital Breakup 671(1)

Equitable Distribution of ``Property'' Acquired During Marriage 671(1)

O'Brien v. O'Brien 671(7)

Notes and Questions 678(3)

Problem 681(1)

Rights in the Family Home 681(1)

Community Property: The Problem of the Migratory Couple 681(1)

Pacific Gamble Robinson Co. v. Lapp 681(5)

Problems 686(1)

Homestead Laws 687(1)

Unmarried Partners 688(16)

Male-Female Couples 688(1)

Watts v. Watts 688(4)

An Essay in the Deconstruction of Contract Doctrine 692(4)

Clare Dalton

Notes and Questions 696(5)

Same-Sex Partners 701(1)

Marriage 701(1)

Property Division on Breaking Up 702(1)

Problems 703(1)

Children's Claims on Family Assets 704(6)

Child Support 704(1)

Bayliss v. Bayliss 704(4)

Notes and Questions 708(1)

The Family's Right to Live Together 709(1)

Wills and Inheritance 709(1)

Forfeiture 710(23)

Domestic Violence and Protective Orders 710(1)

Wisconsin Domestic Abuse Restraining Order Statute 710(2)

Cote v. Cote 712(2)

Problem 714(1)

Forfeiture for a Family Member's Illegal Conduct 714(1)

United States v. Leasehold Interest in 121 Nostrand Avenue 714(7)

Bennis v. Michigan 721(5)

United States v. Sixty Acres in Etowah County 726(2)

Notes and Questions 728(5)
IV Regulation of the Market for Shelter 733(350)

Leaseholds 735(124)

Leasehold Estates 735(22)

Types of Tenancies 735(1)

Commercial and Residential Tenancies 735(1)

Categories of Tenancies 736(1)

Statute of Frauds 737(1)

Regulation of Landlord-Tenant Relationships 737(1)

Identifying Landlord-Tenant Relationships: Self-Help versus Judicial Process 738(1)

New Jersey Anti-Eviction Act 739(2)

Vasquez v. Glassboro Service Association, Inc. 741(6)

Justice and the Law of Contracts: A Case for the Traditional Approach 747(2)

Alan Schwartz

Bargaining, Duress, and Economic Liberty 749(5)

Robert Hale

Notes and Questions 754(2)

Problems 756(1)

Conflicts About Rent 757(24)

Landlord's Right to Receive Rent 757(1)

Landlord's Remedies When Tenant Breaches and Refuses to Leave: Summary Process 758(2)

Landlord's Remedies When Tenant Breaches and Leaves 760(1)

Landlord's Duty to Mitigate Damages 760(2)

Sommer v. Kridel 762(5)

Notes and Questions 767(2)

Problem 769(1)

Regulation of Security Deposits 770(1)

Rent Control 770(1)

Statutory Interpretation: Who Is Protected? 770(1)

Braschi v. Stahl Associates 770(4)

Notes and Questions 774(2)

Problems 776(1)

The Economics of Rent Control 777(1)

The Argument Against Rent Control 777(2)

The Argument for Rent Control 779(2)

Conflicts About Occupancy 781(24)

Landlord's Duty to Deliver Possession 781(1)

Tenant's Right to Leave and Transfer the Leasehold versus Landlord's Right to Control Occupancy 782(1)

Transfer of the Landlord's Reversion 782(1)

Tenant's Right to Assign or Sublet 783(1)

When the Lease Is Silent 783(2)

When the Lease Requires the Landlord's Consent 785(1)

Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, Inc. 785(7)

Slavin v. Rent Control Board of Brookline 792(2)

Notes and Questions 794(2)

Problems 796(1)

Tenant's Good Faith Duty to Operate 797(1)

The College Block v. Atlantic Richfield Co. 797(2)

Notes and Questions 799(1)

Problem 800(1)

Tenant's Right to Stay versus Landlord's Right to Recover Possession 801(1)

Just Cause Eviction 802(1)

Private Housing Market 802(1)

New Jersey Anti-Eviction Act 802(1)

Problem 803(1)

Publicly Subsidized Housing 804(1)

Regulation of Condominium Conversion 805(1)

Tenant's Right to Habitable Premises 805(54)

The Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment and Constructive Eviction 805(1)

Minjak Co. v. Randolph 805(3)

Blackett v. Olannoff 808(2)

Notes and Questions 810(4)

Problem 814(1)

Implied Warranty of Habitability 814(1)

Doctrinal Development 814(1)

Javins v. First National Realty Corp. 815(7)

Notes and Questions 822(3)

Problems 825(1)

Arguments and Counterarguments on Compulsory Contract Terms 826(8)

Retaliatory Eviction 834(1)

Hillview Associates v. Bloomquist 834(5)

Imperial Colliery Co. v. Fout 839(3)

Notes and Questions 842(4)

Problems 846(1)

Landlord's Liability to Tenants 847(1)

Consumer Protection Legislation 847(1)

Problem 848(1)

Landlord's Tort Liability to Tenants 848(3)

Problems 851(1)

Professional Responsibility Issues in Eviction Litigation 852(1)

Legal Realism for Lawyers 852(1)

David B. Wilkins

Notes and Questions 853(1)

Model Rules of Professional Conduct 854(2)

Problems 856(3)

Real Estate Transactions 859(80)

Structure of the Transaction 859(15)

Attorney's Role 859(1)

Brokers 860(4)

Sales Contract 864(1)

Executory Period 865(1)

Closing 866(1)

After the Closing 867(1)

Sample Offer to Purchase Real Estate 868(1)

Sample Purchase and Sale Agreement 869(4)

Sample Deed 873(1)

Sales Contract 874(25)

Formalities: Statute of Frauds versus Part Performance and Estoppel 874(1)

Burns v. McCormick 874(2)

Hickey v. Green 876(3)

Gardner v. Gardner 879(1)

Notes and Questions 880(4)

What Constitutes a Breach of the Contract 884(1)

Misrepresentation and Fraudulent Nondisclosure 884(1)

Johnson v. Davis 884(4)

Notes and Questions 888(6)

Problem 894(1)

Seller's Failure to Provide Marketable Title 895(1)

Seller's Breach of Warranty of Habitability 896(1)

Buyer's Failure to Make Good Faith Efforts to Obtain Financing 896(1)

Remedies for Breach of the Purchase and Sale Agreement 896(1)

Buyer's Remedies 896(1)

Seller's Remedies 897(1)

Risk of Loss During the Executory Period: Equitable Conversion 898(1)

Deeds and Title Protection 899(22)

Formalities 899(1)

Essential Terms 899(1)

Delivery 900(1)

Title Covenants 901(1)

Warranties of Title 901(1)

Remedies for Breach of Warranty of Title 902(1)

Recording Acts 903(1)

The Recording System 903(2)

How to Conduct a Title Search 905(1)

Types of Recording Acts 906(1)

Chain of Title Problems 907(1)

Sabo v. Horvath 907(3)

Notes and Questions 910(3)

Problems 913(1)

Fraud and Forgery 914(1)

Martin v. Carter 914(2)

McCoy v. Love 916(1)

Notes and Questions 917(2)

Marketable Title Acts 919(1)

Title Insurance 919(1)

Title Registration 920(1)

Real Estate Finance 921(18)

Mortgages 921(1)

Debtor Protection Legislation 921(4)

Regulating the Foreclosure Process 925(1)

Central Financial Services, Inc. v. Spears 925(2)

Problems 927(1)

Installment Land Contracts 928(1)

Forfeiture 929(1)

Stonebraker v. Zinn 929(2)

Making Mortgage Protection Nondisclaimable 931(1)

Sebastian v. Floyd 931(1)

Notes and Questions 932(3)

Equitable Mortgages 935(1)

Koenig v. Van Reken 935(2)

Notes and Questions 937(1)

Problem 938(1)

Fair Housing Law 939(104)

Intentional Discrimination or Discriminatory Treatment 939(58)

Race Discrimination 939(1)

Fair Housing Act 939(1)

Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. §§3601-3631 939(6)

Discrimination by Housing Providers 945(1)

Asbury v. Brougham 945(5)

United States v. Starrett City Associates 950(4)

Notes and Questions 954(4)

Problems 958(1)

Civil Rights Act of 1866 959(1)

City of Memphis v. Greene 960(1)

Problem 961(1)

Sex Discrimination: Sexual Harassment 962(1)

Grieger v. Sheets 962(1)

Notes and Questions 963(2)

Problems 965(1)

Discrimination Based on Family Status 965(1)

Familial Status: Families with Children 965(1)

Human Rights Commission v. LaBrie, Inc. 965(5)

Problems 970(1)

Marital Status: Unmarried Couples 971(1)

McCready v. Hoffius 971(7)

Notes and Questions 978(4)

Problems 982(1)

Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation 982(1)

State ex rel. Sprague v. City of Madison 982(2)

Notes and Questions 984(2)

Problems 986(1)

Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities 987(1)

Persons with AIDS 987(1)

Poff v. Caro 987(1)

Notes and Questions 988(2)

Reasonable Accommodation of Persons with Disabilities 990(2)

Problems 992(1)

Economic Discrimination 993(1)

Welfare Recipients 993(1)

Attorney General v. Brown 993(2)

Discrimination Based on Income 995(2)

Disparate Impact Claims 997(46)

Racially Discriminatory Zoning Practices 997(1)

Huntington Branch, NAACP v. Town of Huntington 997(7)

Notes and Questions 1004(4)

Problem 1008(1)

Sex Discrimination: Shelters for Battered Women 1008(1)

Doe v. City of Butler 1008(2)

Problems 1010(1)

Nontraditional Families 1011(1)

Restrictive Covenants 1011(1)

Exclusionary Zoning 1011(1)

Federal Constitution 1011(1)

Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas 1011(4)

State Constitutions 1015(1)

Charter Township of Delta v. Dinolfo 1015(2)

Notes and Questions 1017(2)

Fair Housing Act 1019(1)

Problem 1019(1)

Group Homes for Persons with Disabilities 1019(1)

AIDS Hospices 1019(1)

Association of Relatives and Friends of AIDS Patients (AFAPS) v. Regulations and Permits Administration, or Administracion de Reglamentos y Permisos (ARPE) 1019(2)

Group Homes for Persons with Mental Illness 1021(1)

Familystyle of St. Paul, Inc. v. City of St. Paul 1021(2)

Notes and Questions 1023(4)

Problems 1027(1)

Sexual Orientation 1028(1)

Problem 1028(1)

Religion 1028(1)

Problems 1029(1)

National Origin Discrimination 1029(1)

Problem 1029(1)

Land Use Regulation and Low-Income Families 1030(1)

Exclusionary Zoning 1030(1)

Southern Burlington County, NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel 1030(9)

Notes and Questions 1039(3)

Homelessness 1042(1)

Zoning: Governmental Land Use Planning 1043(40)

The Planning Process 1043(5)

Legislative Process: Enacting the Zoning Ordinance 1043(1)

Zoning Enabling Acts 1043(1)

The Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance 1044(1)

Planned Unit Developments 1045(1)

Conditional or Contract Zoning 1045(2)

Administrative Procedures: The Zoning Board of Adjustment 1047(1)

Zoning: Police Power and Property Rights 1048(23)

Historical Background 1048(7)

Limits to Zoning Laws Designed to Protect Preexisting Property Rights 1055(1)

Prior Nonconforming Uses 1055(1)

Town of Belleville v. Parrillo's, Inc. 1055(3)

Variances 1058(1)

Commons v. Westwood Zoning Board of Adjustment 1058(6)

Notes and Questions 1064(1)

Vested Rights 1065(1)

Stone v. City of Wilton 1065(4)

Problems 1069(1)

Limits on Preferential Zoning 1070(1)

Special Exceptions 1070(1)

Spot Zoning 1071(1)

Ethical Issues in Real Estate Development: SLAPP Suits 1071(3)

Problem 1073(1)

Environmental Regulations: Liability of Property Owners for Cleanup of Hazardous Waste 1074(9)

Acme Laundry Co. v. Secretary of Environmental Affairs 1076(7)
V Property and Sovereignty 1083(118)

Regulatory Takings Law 1085(98)

Property as a Mediator Between Citizens and the State 1085(2)

Defining versus Defending Property Rights 1085(2)

Historical Background 1087(1)

Takings 1087(77)

Physical Invasions 1087(1)

PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins 1087(4)

Yee v. City of Escondido 1091(4)

Notes and Questions 1095(7)

Problems 1102(1)

Expropriation 1103(1)

Seizures of Core Property Rights 1103(1)

Babbitt v. Youpee 1103(1)

Notes and Questions 1104(3)

Problem 1107(1)

Forfeiture and the Innocent Owner 1108(1)

Notes and Questions 1108(1)

Deprivation of Economically Viable Use 1108(1)

Miller v. Schoene 1108(2)

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 1110(16)

Notes and Questions 1126(4)

Balancing Test 1130(14)

Problems 1144(2)

Judicial Takings 1146(2)

Exactions and Linkage Requirements 1148(1)

Dolan v. City of Tigard 1148(13)

Notes and Questions 1161(3)

Just Compensation 1164(10)

Almota Farmers Elevator & Warehouse v. United States 1164(4)

United States v. 564.54 Acres of Land, More or Less 1168(3)

Notes and Questions 1171(3)

Public Use 1174(9)

Federal Constitution 1174(1)

Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff 1174(5)

Poletown Neighborhood Council v. City of Detroit 1179(3)

State Constitutions 1182(1)

American Indian Nations 1183(18)

History of Federal Indian Law 1183(3)

Original Indian Title 1186(1)

``Title of Occupancy'' 1186(1)

Takings Doctrine 1187(1)

Recognized Title 1187(13)

Treaty Abrogation 1187(1)

Treaty with the Cherokees (February 14, 1883) 1187(1)

Statement to the Lake Mohonk Conference Supporting the Dawes Act (1885) 1187(1)

Lyman Abbott

The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians 1187(1)

Francis Paul Prucha

Takings Doctrine 1188(1)

United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians 1188(10)

Notes and Questions 1198(2)

Current Indian Land Claims 1200(1)

Restricted Trust Allotments 1200(1)
VI Beyond Real Property 1201(100)

Business Property 1203(28)

Partnerships 1203(6)

Meinhard v. Salmon 1203(5)

Notes and Questions 1208(1)

Problem 1208(1)

Franchises 1209(7)

Westfield Centre Service, Inc. v. Cities Service Oil Co. 1209(4)

Notes and Questions 1213(3)

Corporations: Stakeholders and Corporate Property 1216(15)

Local 1330, United Steel Workers of America v. United States Steel Corporation 1216(5)

Notes and Questions 1221(7)

Problem 1228(3)

Intellectual Property 1231(32)

Property in Ideas 1231(1)

Unfair Competition and Misappropriation 1232(1)

Trademark Law 1232(7)

Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co. 1233(4)

Notes and Questions 1237(1)

Problem 1238(1)

Copyright Law 1239(8)

Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co., Inc. 1239(4)

Notes and Questions 1243(2)

Problems 1245(2)

Patent Law 1247(1)

Property in Genetic Information 1247(1)

Business Methods 1247(1)

Publicity Rights 1248(12)

Center for Social Change v. American Heritage Products 1248(9)

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Notes and Questions 1257(2)

Problems 1259(1)

Moral Rights 1260(3)

Property in People 1263(38)

Property Rights in Human Beings 1263(1)

Slavery 1264(15)

Dred Scott v. Sandford 1264(4)

Race and History: Selected Essays 1938-1988 1268(1)

John Hope Franklin

Surrogacy, Slavery, and the Ownership of Life 1269(2)

Anita L. Allen

Status, Contract, and Promises Unkept 1271(6)

Aviam Soifer

Notes and Questions 1277(2)

Children 1279(9)

In the Matter of Baby M 1279(6)

Notes and Questions 1285(3)

Frozen Embryos 1288(5)

Body Parts and Human Genes 1293(1)

American Indian Human Remains 1293(8)

Wana the Bear v. Community Construction, Inc. 1293(2)

Talking God 1295(1)

Tony Hillerman

Notes and Questions 1296(2)

Problems 1298(3)
Table of Cases 1301(16)
Table of Statutes 1317(8)
Index 1325