简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
Much of what we are comes from our ancestors. Through cultural and biological inheritance mechanisms, our genetic composition, instructions for constructing artifacts, the structure and content of languages, and rules for behavior are passed from parents to children and from individual to individual. Mapping Our Ancestorsdemonstrates how various genealogical or "phylogenetic" methods can be used both to answer questions about human history and to build evolutionary explanations for the shape of history.
Anthropologists are increasingly turning to quantitative phylogenetic methods. These methods depend on the transmission of information regardless of mode and as such are applicable to many anthropological questions. In this way, phylogenetic approaches have the potential for building bridges among the various subdisciplines of anthropology; an exciting prospect indeed. The structure of Mapping Our Ancestorsreflects the editors' goal of developing a common understanding of the methods and conditions under which ancestral relations can be derived in a range of data classes of interest to anthropologists. Specifically, this volume explores the degree to which patterns of ancestry can be determined from artifactual, genetic, linguistic, and behavioral data and how processes such as selection, transmission, and geography impact the results of phylogenetic analyses.
Mapping Our Ancestorsprovides a solid demonstration of the potential of phylogenetic methods for studying the evolutionary history of human populations using a variety of data sources and thus helps explain how cultural material, language, and biology came to be as they are.
Carl P. Lipo is assistant professor of anthropology at California State University in Long Beach. Michael O'Brien is professor of anthropology and director of the Museum of Anthropology at the University of Missouri. Mark Collard is assistant professor of anthropology at the University of British Columbia, Stephen J. Shennan is a professor and director of the Institute of Archaeology at the University College London. Niles Eldredge is a curator in the department of invertebrates at the American Museum of Natural History, and adjunct professor at the City University of New York.
目录
List of Figures and Tables p. vii
Foreword Niles Eldredge p. xiii
Preface p. xvii
Part 1 Introduction
1 Cultural Phylogenies and Explanation: Why Historical Methods Matter Carl P. Lipo and Michael J. O'Brien and Mark Collard and Stephen J. Shennan p. 3
Part 2 Fundamentals and Methods
2 What is a Culturally Transmitted Unit, and How We Find One? Richard Pocklington p. 19
3 Cultural Traits and Linguistic Trees: Phylogenetic Signal in East Africa Jennifer W. Moylan and Corine M. Graham and Monique Borgerhoff Mulder and Charles L. Nunn and N. Thomas Hakansson p. 33
4 Branching versus Blending in Macroscale Cultural Evolution: A Comparative Study Mark Collard and Stephen J. Shennan and Jamshid J. Tehrani p. 53
5 Seriation and Cladistics: The Difference between Anagenetic and Cladogenetic Evolution R. Lee Lyman and Michael J. O'Brien p. 65
6 The Resolution of Cultural Phylogenies Using Graphs Carl P. Lipo p. 89
7 Measuring Relatedness Robert C. Dunnell p. 109
Part 3 Biology
8 Phylogenetic Techniques and Methodological Lessons from Bioarchaeology Gordon F. M. Rakita p. 119
9 Phylogeography of Archaeological Populations: A Case Study from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) John V. Dudgeon p. 131
Part 4 Culture
10 Tracking Culture-Historical Lineages: Can "Descent with Modification" Be Linked to "Association by Descent"? Peter Jordan and Thomas Mace p. 149
11 Cultural Transmission, Phylogenetics, and the rchaeological Record Jelmer W. Eerkens and Robert L. Bettinger and Richard McElreath p. 169
12 Using Cladistics to Construct Lineages of Projectile Points from Northeastern Missouri John Darwent and Michael J. O'Brien p. 185
13 Reconstructing the Flow of Information across Time and Space: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Ceramic Traditions from Prehispanic Western and Northern Mexico and the American Southwest Marcel J. Harmon and Todd L. VanPool and Robert D. Leonard and Christine S. VanPool and Laura A. Salter p. 209
14 Archaeological-Materials Characterization as Phylogenetic Method: The Case of Copador Pottery from Southeastern Mesoamerica Hector Neff p. 231
Part 5 Language
15 The Spread of Bantu Languages, Farming, and Pastoralism in Sub-Equatorial Africa Clare J. Holden p. 249
16 Are Accurate Dates an Intractable Problem for Historical Linguistics? Quentin D. Atkinson and Russell D. Gray p. 269
Part 6 Concluding Remarks
17 Afterword Carl P. Lipo and Michael J. O'Brien and Mark Collard and Stephen J. Shennan p. 299
References p. 303
Contributors p. 339
Foreword Niles Eldredge p. xiii
Preface p. xvii
Part 1 Introduction
1 Cultural Phylogenies and Explanation: Why Historical Methods Matter Carl P. Lipo and Michael J. O'Brien and Mark Collard and Stephen J. Shennan p. 3
Part 2 Fundamentals and Methods
2 What is a Culturally Transmitted Unit, and How We Find One? Richard Pocklington p. 19
3 Cultural Traits and Linguistic Trees: Phylogenetic Signal in East Africa Jennifer W. Moylan and Corine M. Graham and Monique Borgerhoff Mulder and Charles L. Nunn and N. Thomas Hakansson p. 33
4 Branching versus Blending in Macroscale Cultural Evolution: A Comparative Study Mark Collard and Stephen J. Shennan and Jamshid J. Tehrani p. 53
5 Seriation and Cladistics: The Difference between Anagenetic and Cladogenetic Evolution R. Lee Lyman and Michael J. O'Brien p. 65
6 The Resolution of Cultural Phylogenies Using Graphs Carl P. Lipo p. 89
7 Measuring Relatedness Robert C. Dunnell p. 109
Part 3 Biology
8 Phylogenetic Techniques and Methodological Lessons from Bioarchaeology Gordon F. M. Rakita p. 119
9 Phylogeography of Archaeological Populations: A Case Study from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) John V. Dudgeon p. 131
Part 4 Culture
10 Tracking Culture-Historical Lineages: Can "Descent with Modification" Be Linked to "Association by Descent"? Peter Jordan and Thomas Mace p. 149
11 Cultural Transmission, Phylogenetics, and the rchaeological Record Jelmer W. Eerkens and Robert L. Bettinger and Richard McElreath p. 169
12 Using Cladistics to Construct Lineages of Projectile Points from Northeastern Missouri John Darwent and Michael J. O'Brien p. 185
13 Reconstructing the Flow of Information across Time and Space: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Ceramic Traditions from Prehispanic Western and Northern Mexico and the American Southwest Marcel J. Harmon and Todd L. VanPool and Robert D. Leonard and Christine S. VanPool and Laura A. Salter p. 209
14 Archaeological-Materials Characterization as Phylogenetic Method: The Case of Copador Pottery from Southeastern Mesoamerica Hector Neff p. 231
Part 5 Language
15 The Spread of Bantu Languages, Farming, and Pastoralism in Sub-Equatorial Africa Clare J. Holden p. 249
16 Are Accurate Dates an Intractable Problem for Historical Linguistics? Quentin D. Atkinson and Russell D. Gray p. 269
Part 6 Concluding Remarks
17 Afterword Carl P. Lipo and Michael J. O'Brien and Mark Collard and Stephen J. Shennan p. 299
References p. 303
Contributors p. 339
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