Part I Introduction
1 What is Philosophy?
A Definition of Philosophy
What is Rationality?
Why Study Multicultural Philosophy? Joseph Prabhu
"The Clash or Dialogue of Civilizations?"
Does Philosophy Bake Bread? Bertrand Russell
"On the Value of Philosophy."
Reading Philosophy
Part II Ethics
2 How Should One Live?
Introduction
The Buddha and the Middle Way
Buddha: "The Four Noble Truths." Walpola Rahula
"The Fourth Noble Truth."
Confucius and the Life of Virtue D.C.Lau
"Confucius and Moral Character."
Socrates on Living the Examined Life
Plato: "The Apology."
Aristotle on Happiness and the Life of Moderation
Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics."
The Song of God
Bhagavad-Gita
Does Life Have Meaning? Daniel Kolak and Raymond Martin
"The Ethics of Emergencies."
3 How Can I Know What Is Right?
Introduction
The Categorical Imperative
Immanuel Kant: "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals."
Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill
"What Utilitarianism Is."
Revaluation of Values
Friedrich Nietzsche: "Beyond Good and Evil and On the Genealogy of Morality."
Care versus Rights Joy Roeger-Mappes
"The Ethic of Care vis-?-vis the Ethic of Rights."
Moral Relativism David Wong
"Relativism."
4 What Makes a Society Just?
Introduction
God and Justice Majid Khadduri
"The Islamic Conception of Justice."
Capitalism and Exploitation Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
"Manifesto of the Communist Party."
The Original Position
"A Theory of Justice."
Our Obligation to the State John Rawls
Plato: "Crito."
Civil Disobedience Martin Luther King, Jr.
"Letter from Birmingham Jail."
Sovereignty and Justice: An Indigenist''s Viewpoint Ward Churchill
"Perversions of Justice."
5 Is Justice for All Possible?
Introduction
Universal Human Rights
Ren? Trujillo: "Human Rights in the "Age of Discovery"
"United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights Racism and Feminism
bell hooks: "Ain''t I a Woman."
Globalization and Justice Benjamin R.
Barber: "Jihad vs. McWorld."
Terrorism and Morality
Bat-Ami Bar On: "Why Terrorism is Morally Problematic."
Justice and the Land
Aldo Leopold: "The Land Ethic."
Part III Epistemology
6 Is Knowledge Possible?
Introduction
Sufi Mysticism Al-Ghazali
"Deliverance from Error."
Is Certainty Possible?
Ren? Descartes: "Meditations I and II."
Empiricism and Limited Skepticism David Hume
"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding."
Should We Believe Beyond the Evidence? William K. Clifford
"The Ethics of Belief." William James
"The Will to Believe."
Classical Indian Epistemology D. M. Datta
Knowledge and the Methods of Knowledge."
Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology Patricia Hill Collins
"Toward an Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology."
7 Does Science Tell us the Whole Truth and Nothing But the Truth?
Introduction
The Growth of Scientific Knowledge Karl R. Popper
"Conjectures and Refutations."
Scientific Revolutions Thomas S. Kuhn
"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions."
Feminism and Science Elizabeth Anderson
"Knowledge, Human Interests, and Objectivity in Feminist Epistemology."
Japanese Views of Western Science Thomas P. Kasulis
"Sushi, Science, and Spirituality."
Science and Traditional Thought Kwame Anthony Appiah
"Old Gods, New Worlds."
Part IV Metaphysics
8 What Is Really Real?
Introduction
The Dao. Laozi: "Dao De Jing."
Platonic Dualism
Plato: "The Republic."
Nondualism
Shankara: "The Crest-Jewel of Discrimination."
Subjective Idealism George Berkeley
"The Principles of Human Knowledge."
Pre-Columbian Cosmologies Jorge Valadez
"Pre-Columbian Philosophical Perspectives."
So What Is Real? Jorge Luis Borges: "The Circular Ruins."
9 Are We Free or Determined?
Introduction
We Are Determined Laura Waddell Ekstrom
"Arguments for Incompatibilism."
We Are Free Jean-Paul Sartre
"Existentialism."
Karma and Freedom Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
"Karma and Freedom."
We Are Both Free and Determined Raymond M. Smullyan
"Is God a Taoist?"
10 What Am I?
Introduction
You Are Your Mind
Ren? Descartes: "Meditation VI."
You Are an Embodied Self
Eve Browning Cole: "Body, Mind, and Gender."
You are a Computing Machine Bruce Hinrichs
"Computing the Mind."
You are not a Computing Machine John Searle
"Can Computers Think?"
11 Who Am I? Introduction
There Is No Self
Buddha: "False Doctrines About the Soul and the Simile of the Chariot."
Down With the Ego Derek Parfit
"Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons."
Where am I? Daniel C. Dennett
"Brainstorms."
Social Identity Gloria Anzald?a
"How to Tame a Wild Tongue."
Gender Identity Deirdre (Donald) N. McCloskey
"Crossing."
12 Is There a God?
Introduction
Arguments for God''s Existence St. Thomas Aquinas
"The Five Ways." William Craig
"The Kalam Argument from Islam." Gunapala Dharmasiri
"Problems with the Cosmological Argument."
Hinduism and Science P. Venugopala Rao
"Science and Dharma."
Creation vs. Evolution Richard Dawkins
"The Blind Watchmaker."
The Mystery of Evil Louis P. Pojman
"The Problem of Evil."
The Gender of God Mary Daly
"Beyond God the Father."
Are All Religions True? John Cobb, Jr
"Beyond Pluralism."
Appendix I Glossary
Appendix II Pronunciation Guide