Table Of Contents:
Unit 1 The Client and the Health Care Environment

Health and Wellness 1(20)

Kristine L'Ecuyer

Healthy People Documents 2(1)

Definition of Health 3(1)

Modes of Health and Illness 3(6)

Health-Illness Continuum Model 4(1)

Health Belief Model 4(1)

Health Promotion Model 5(1)

Basic Human Needs Model 6(1)

Holistic Health Models 6(1)

Emerging Models of Health 7(2)

Variables Influencing Health Beliefs and Practices 9(1)

Internal Variables 9(1)

External Variables 10(1)

Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention 10(3)

Levels of Preventive Care 11(2)

Risk Factors 13(1)

Genetic and Physiological Factors 13(1)

Age 13(1)

Environment 14(1)

Lifestyle 14(1)

Risk Factor Modification and Changing Health Behaviors 14(1)

Illness 15(2)

Acute Illness and Chronic Illness 16(1)

Illness Behavior 16(1)

Impact of Illness on the Client and Family 17(4)

Behavioral and Emotional Changes 17(1)

Impact on Body Image 17(1)

Impact on Self-Concept 17(1)

Impact on Family Roles 17(1)

Impact on Family Dynamics 18(3)

The Health Care Delivery System 21(27)

Patricia A. Potter

Health Care Regulation and Competition 22(2)

Nursing Implications 24(1)

Financing Health Care 24(2)

Payment Mechanisms 24(2)

Levels of Health Care 26(10)

Preventive and Primary Care Services 27(3)

Secondary and Tertiary Care 30(2)

Restorative Care 32(2)

Continuing Care 34(2)

Canadian Health Care System 36(1)

Issues in Health Care Delivery 36(8)

Competency of Health Care Providers 36(1)

Population-Based Care 37(1)

Redesigning Acute Care Delivery 37(1)

Quality Health Care 38(1)

The Continuum of Health Care 39(5)

The Future of Health Care 44(4)

Community-Based Nursing Practice 48(16)

Patricia A. Potter

Achieving Healthy Populations and Communities 49(2)

Community Health Nursing 51(1)

Nursing Practice in Community Health 52(1)

Community-Based Nursing 52(8)

Vulnerable Populations 53(2)

Competency in Community-Based Nursing 55(5)

Community Assessment 60(1)

Changing Clients' Health 61(3)

Leadership, Delegation, and Quality Management 64(22)

Patricia A. Potter

Leadership and Management 65(4)

Leadership in Change 66(1)

Types of Leadership 67(1)

Leadership Behavior and Styles 68(1)

Building a Nursing Team 69(9)

Nursing Care Delivery Models 70(1)

Management Structure 71(1)

Creating an Empowered Work Environment 72(6)

Quality Management 78(8)

Quality in Nursing Practice 79(7)

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice 86(15)

Anne Griffin Perry

Theory 87(2)

Components of a Theory 87(1)

Concept 88(1)

Definition 88(1)

Assumptions 88(1)

Types of Theory 88(1)

Theoretical Models 89(1)

Historical Perspective 89(1)

Relationship of Theory to the Nursing Process and Client Needs 90(1)

Interdisciplinary Theories 91(2)

System Theory 91(1)

Basic Human Needs 92(1)

Health and Wellness Models 92(1)

Stress and Adaptation 93(1)

Developmental Theories 93(1)

Psychosocial Theories 93(1)

Selected Nursing Theories 93(4)

Nightingale's Theory 93(1)

Peplau's Theory 93(1)

Henderson's Theory 93(2)

Abdellah's Theory 95(1)

Levine's Theory 95(1)

Johnson's Theory 95(1)

Rogers' Theory 96(1)

Orem's Theory 96(1)

King's Theory 96(1)

Neuman's Theory 96(1)

Roy's Theory 97(1)

Watson's Theory 97(1)

Parse's Theory 97(1)

Benner and Wrubel's Theory 97(1)

The Link Between Theory and Knowledge Development in Nursing 97(4)
Unit 2 Caring Throughout the Life Span

Nursing Healing and Caring 101(11)

Patricia A. Potter

Theoretical Views on Caring 102(3)

Caring is Primary 102(1)

The Essence of Nursing and Health 103(1)

Transpersonal Caring 103(1)

Swanson's Theory of Caring 104(1)

Summary of Theoretical Views 104(1)

Clients' Perceptions of Caring 105(1)

Ethics of Care 106(1)

Caring in Nursing Practice 107(2)

Providing Presence 107(1)

Comforting 107(1)

Listening 107(1)

Knowing the Client 108(1)

Spiritual Caring 109(1)

Family Care 109(1)

The Challenge of Caring 109(3)

Diversity in Caring 112(26)

Joyce Newman Giger

Ruth Davidhizar

Important Definitions 113(2)

Transcultural Nursing 115(1)

Culturally Diverse Nursing Care 115(7)

Communication 116(1)

Space 116(2)

Social Organization 118(1)

Time 118(1)

Environmental Control 118(2)

Biological Variations 120(2)

Application of Giger and Davidhizar's Transcultural Assessment Model 122(16)

African-Americans 122(4)

Hispanics 126(3)

Asian-Americans 129(3)

Native Americans 132(6)

Caring in Families 138(16)

Lois C. Hamel

The Family 139(1)

Concept of Family 139(1)

Definition: What Is a Family? 139(1)

Family Forms 140(1)

Current Trends and New Family Forms 140(2)

Changing Economic Status 141(1)

Homelessness 141(1)

Family Violence 141(1)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 142(1)

Theoretical Approaches: An Overview 142(1)

Functional Theory or Functionalism 142(1)

Social Conflict Approach 142(1)

Symbolic Interactionism 142(1)

General Systems Theory 142(1)

Family as an Open Social System 142(1)

Structure 142(1)

Function 143(1)

Developmental Stages Theory 143(2)

The Family and Health 143(2)

Attributes of Healthy Families 145(1)

Family Nursing 145(1)

Family as Context 145(1)

Family as Client 145(1)

Family as System 145(1)

Nursing Process for the Family 146(4)

Assessing the Needs of the Family 146(2)

Family-Focused Care 148(1)

Implementing Family-Centered Care 149(1)

Health Promotion 149(1)

Challenges for Family Nursing 150(1)

Acute Care 150(1)

Restorative Care 151(3)

Developmental Theories 154(18)

Judith A. Collins

Shelly-Rae Pheler

Role of Theories 155(1)

Growth Versus Development 155(1)

Four Areas of Theory Development 155(1)

Biophysical Developmental Theories 156(4)

Gesell's Theory of Development 156(1)

Genetic Theories of Aging 156(1)

Nongenetic Cellular Theories 156(1)

Physiological Theories of Aging 157(3)

Psychosocial Theory 160(6)

Sigmund Freud 160(1)

Erik Erikson 161(1)

Eight Stages of Life 161(2)

Robert Havinghurst 163(2)

Roger Gould 165(1)

Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas 165(1)

Cognitive Developmental Theory 166(1)

Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development 166(1)

Moral Development Theory 167(2)

Jean Piaget's Moral Developmental Theory 167(1)

Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Developmental Theory 167(2)

Conclusion 169(3)

Conception Through Adolescence 172(52)

Julie K. Baylor

Growth and Development 173(1)

Definitions 173(1)

Critical Periods of Development 174(1)

Stages of Growth and Development 174(1)

Major Factors Influencing Growth and Development 174(1)

Selecting a Developmental Framework for Nursing 174(1)

Conception 174(5)

Intrauterine Life 174(3)

First Trimester 177(1)

Second Trimester 177(1)

Third Trimester 178(1)

Transition From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life 179(1)

Physical Changes 179(1)

Psychosocial Changes 179(1)

Health Risks 180(1)

Newborn 180(5)

Physical Changes 180(3)

Cognitive Changes 183(1)

Psychosocial Changes 183(1)

Health Risks 184(1)

Health Concerns 184(1)

Infant 185(7)

Physical Changes 185(1)

Cognitive Changes 185(1)

Psychosocial Changes 186(1)

Health Risks 187(1)

Health Concerns 187(5)

Toddler 192(4)

Physical Changes 192(3)

Cognitive Changes 195(1)

Psychosocial Changes 195(1)

Health Risks 196(1)

Health Concerns 196(1)

Preschooler 196(5)

Physical Changes 196(2)

Cognitive Changes 198(1)

Psychosocial Changes 199(1)

Health Risks 200(1)

Health Concerns 201(1)

School-Age Children and Adolescents 201(1)

School-Age Child 201(11)

Physical Changes 203(2)

Cognitive Changes 205(1)

Psychosocial Changes 206(1)

Health Risks 207(1)

Health Concerns 207(5)

Preadolescent 212(1)

Adolescent 212(12)

Physical Changes 214(1)

Cognitive Changes 215(1)

Psychosocial Changes 216(1)

Health Risks 217(2)

Health Concerns 219(5)

Young to Middle Adult 224(19)

Patsy L. Ruchala

Young Adult 226(9)

Physical Changes 226(1)

Cognitive Changes 226(1)

Psychosocial Changes 227(2)

Health Risks 229(2)

Health Concerns 231(4)

Middle Adult 235(8)

Physical Changes 236(1)

Cognitive Changes 237(1)

Psychosocial Changes 237(1)

Health Concerns 238(5)

Older Adult 243(30)

Myra A. Aud

Terminology 245(1)

Myths and Stereotypes 246(1)

Nurses' Attitudes Toward Older Adults 247(1)

Theories of Aging 247(1)

Biological Theories 247(1)

Psychosocial Theories 248(1)

Developmental Tasks for Older Adults 248(2)

Community-Based and Institutional Health Care Services 250(1)

Retirement Communities 250(1)

Home Care 250(1)

Adult Day Care 250(1)

Respite Care 250(1)

Long-Term Care 250(1)

Assessing the Needs of Older Adults 251(9)

Physiological Changes 251(3)

Cognitive Changes 254(3)

Psychosocial Changes 257(3)

Health Risks 260(1)

Addressing the Health Concerns of Older Adults 261(7)

Health Promotion and Maintenance: Physiological Concerns 261(4)

Health Promotion and Maintenance: Psychosocial Health Concerns 265(3)

Older Adults and the Acute Care Setting 268(1)

Older Adults and Restorative Care 269(4)
Unit 3 Critical Thinking In Nursing Practice

Critical Thinking and Nursing Judgment 273(17)

Patricia A. Potter

Clinical Decisions in Nursing Practice 274(1)

Critical Thinking Defined 275(2)

Reflection 276(1)

Language 277(1)

Intuition 277(1)

Levels of Critical Thinking in Nursing 277(1)

Critical Thinking Competencies 278(3)

Scientific Method 278(1)

Problem Solving 279(1)

Decision Making 279(1)

Diagnostic Reasoning and Inferences 279(1)

Clinical Decision Making 279(1)

Nursing Process as a Competency 280(1)

Thinking and Learning 281(1)

Critical Thinking Model 281(4)

Specific Knowledge Base 281(1)

Experience 281(1)

Critical Thinking Competencies 282(1)

Attitudes for Critical Thinking 282(2)

Standards for Critical Thinking 284(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 285(1)

Nursing Process Overview 286(4)

Nursing Assessment 290(20)

Anne Griffin Perry

Nursing Process Overview 291(1)

A Critical Thinking Approach to Assessment 291(4)

Organization of Data Gathering 295(1)

Data Collection 295(1)

Types of Data 295(1)

Sources of Data 296(2)

Client 297(1)

Family and Significant Others 297(1)

Health Care Team Members 297(1)

Medical Records 297(1)

Other Records 297(1)

Literature Review 297(1)

Nurse's Experience 297(1)

Methods of Data Collection 298(9)

Interview 298(6)

Nursing Health History 304(2)

Physical Examination 306(1)

Diagnostic and Laboratory Data 306(1)

Formulating Nursing Judgements 307(1)

Data Interpretation 307(1)

Data Clustering 307(1)

Data Documentation 307(3)

Nursing Diagnosis 310(16)

Anne Griffin Perry

Evolution of Nursing Diagnosis 311(2)

Definition 313(1)

Critical Thinking and the Nursing Diagnostic Process 314(3)

Diagnostic Process 314(1)

Analysis and Interpretation of Data 314(2)

Identification of Client Needs 316(1)

Formulation of the Nursing Diagnosis 317(1)

Nursing Diagnosis Statement 317(2)

Support of the Diagnostic Statement 318(1)

Sources of Diagnostic Error 319(4)

Errors in Data Collection 319(2)

Errors in Interpretation and Analysis of Data 321(1)

Errors in Data Clustering 321(1)

Errors in the Diagnostic Statement 321(1)

Nursing Diagnosis and Medical Diagnosis 322(1)

Nursing Diagnoses: Application to Care Planning 323(3)

Advantages of Nursing Diagnoses 323(1)

Limitations of Nursing Diagnoses 323(3)

Planning for Nursing Care 326(21)

Anne Griffin Perry

Establishing Priorities 327(1)

Critical Thinking in Establishing Goals and Expected Outcomes 328(6)

Goals of Care 328(3)

Expected Outcomes 331(1)

Guidelines for Writing Goals and Expected Outcomes 331(3)

Critical Thinking in Designing Nursing Interventions 334(2)

Types of Interventions 334(1)

Selection of Intervention 335(1)

Planning Nursing Care 336(6)

Purpose of Care Plans 336(1)

Care Plans in Various Settings 337(5)

Writing the Nursing Care Plan 342(1)

Writing Critical Pathways 343(1)

Consulting Other Health Care Professionals 343(4)

When to Consult 344(1)

How to Consult 344(3)

Implementing Nursing Care 347(15)

Anne Griffin Perry

Types of Nursing Interventions 348(1)

Independent Nursing Interventions 348(1)

Protocols and Standing Orders 348(1)

Critical Thinking in Implementing Nursing Interventions 349(1)

Implementation Process 350(5)

Reassessing the Client 350(1)

Reviewing and Revising the Existing Nursing Care Plan 350(2)

Organizing Resources and Care Delivery 352(2)

Implementing Nursing Interventions 354(1)

Implementation Methods 355(7)

Assisting with Activities of Daily Living 355(1)

Counseling 356(1)

Teaching 356(1)

Providing Direct Nursing Care 357(1)

Compensation for Adverse Reactions 357(1)

Preventive Measures 358(1)

Correct Techniques in Administering Care and Preparing a Client for Procedures 358(1)

Lifesaving Measures 358(1)

Achieving Goals of Care 358(1)

Delegating, Supervising, and Evaluating the Work of Other Staff Members 359(1)

Communicating Nursing Interventions 360(2)

Evaluation 362(13)

Anne Griffin Perry

Critical Thinking Skills and Evaluation 363(2)

Goals 365(1)

Expected Outcomes 365(1)

Evaluation of Goal Achievement 365(2)

Evaluative Measures and Sources 366(1)

Care Plan Revision and Critical Thinking 367(5)

Discontinuing a Care Plan 370(1)

Modifying a Care Plan 370(2)

Quality Improvement 372(3)

Evaluation of Care 372(1)

Evaluation of Improvement 373(2)
Unit 4 Professional Standards in Nursing Practice

Professional Nursing Roles 375(26)

Pamela Becker Weilitz

Historical Perspective 376(4)

Early Civilization 377(1)

Christianity 378(1)

Middle Ages 378(1)

Fifteenth to Nineteeth Century 378(1)

Florence Nightingale 379(1)

The Civil War 379(1)

Twentieth Century 379(1)

National Commission on Nursing and Nursing Education 380(1)

Nursing Theories 380(1)

Nursing as a Profession 380(1)

Professionalism 380(1)

Education 380(1)

Theory 380(1)

Service 381(1)

Autonomy 381(1)

Code of Ethics 381(1)

Educational Preparation 381(3)

Professional Registered Nurse Education 381(1)

Accreditation 382(1)

Licensure 382(1)

Certification 382(1)

Master's Degree Preparation 383(1)

Doctoral Preparation 383(1)

Continuing and In-Service Education 383(1)

Licensed Practical Nurse Education 383(1)

Nursing Practice 384(2)

American Nurses Association Definition of Nursing Practice 384(1)

Canadian Nurses Association Definition of Nursing Practice 384(1)

Standards of Nursing Practice 384(1)

Standards of Care 384(2)

Nurse Practice Acts 386(1)

Practice Settings 386(4)

Hospital, Skilled Nursing, and Restorative Settings 386(2)

Community-Based Practice Settings 388(2)

Roles and Functions of the Nurse 390(5)

Functions 390(1)

Career Roles 391(2)

Health Care Team 393(1)

Allied and Other Health Care Professionals 394(1)

Professional Nursing Organizations 395(1)

Societal Influences on Nursing 396(1)

Demographic Changes 396(1)

Cultural Diversity 396(1)

Consumer's Movement 396(1)

Health Promotion and Wellness 396(1)

Women's Movement 396(1)

Human Rights Movement 397(1)

Trends in Nursing 397(4)

Political Influence of Professional Nursing 397(1)

Nursing's Influence on Health Care Policy and Practice 398(3)

Ethics and Values 401

Margaret Ecker

Ethics 402(4)

Basic Terms 402(2)

Professional Nursing 404(2)

Values 406(5)

Value Formation 407(1)

Values Clarification 407(4)

Bioethics 411(3)

Philosophical Constructions 411(2)

Consensus in Bioethics 413(1)

Nursing Point of View 413(1)

How to Process and Ethical Dilemma 414(3)

Institutional Ethics Committees 417(1)

Issues in Bioethics 417

Informed Consent 417(1)

Advance Directives 418(1)

Quality of Life 419(1)

Allocations of Scarce Resources 420

Legal Implications in Nursing Practice 423(444)

Judith C. Brostron

Licensure 424(1)

Legal Limits of Nursing 424(3)

Sources of Law 424(1)

Torts 425(1)

Intentional Torts 425(1)

Unintentional Torts 426(1)

Student Nurses 426(1)

Legal Liability in Nursing 427(2)

Minimizing Liability Through Effective Documentation and Client Relationships 427(1)

Contracts 427(2)

Good Samaritan Laws 429(1)

Standards of Care 429(5)

Confidentiality 431(1)

Consent 431(3)

Legal Relationships in Nursing Practice 434(1)

Physicians' Orders 434(1)

Verbal Orders 434(1)

``Do Not Resuscitate'' Orders 434(1)

Short Staffing 434(1)

Floating 435(1)

Legal Issues in Nursing Practice 435(3)

Surrogate Pregnancy Contracts and Adoption 435(1)

Abortion Issues 435(1)

Americans With Disabilities Act 436(1)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 436(1)

Death and Dying 436(1)

Right to Refuse Treatment 436(1)

Physician-Assisted Suicide 437(1)

Advance Directives 437(1)

Organ Donations 438(1)

Legal Issues in Nursing Specialties 438(6)

Community Health Nursing 438(1)

Emergency Department 438(1)

Nursing of Children 439(1)

Medical-Surgical Nursing and Geriatrics 439(1)

Critical Care Nursing 439(1)

Operating Room Nursing 439(1)

Psychiatric Nursing 440(1)

Home Health Care Nursing 440(1)

The Nurse as an Advocate 440(1)

The Nurse as Risk Manager 440(1)

Professional Involvement 440(4)

Communication 444(26)

Cynthia S. Goodwin

Communication and Nursing Practice 445(2)

Communication and Interpersonal Relationships 445(1)

Developing Communication Skills 446(1)

Levels of Communication 447(1)

Intrapersonal Communication 447(1)

Interpersonal Communication 448(1)

Transpersonal Communication 448(1)

Small-Group Communication 448(1)

Public Communication 448(1)

Basic Elements of the Communication Process 448(1)

Referent 448(1)

Sender and Receiver 448(1)

Messages 449(1)

Channels 449(1)

Feedback 449(1)

Interpersonal Variables 449(1)

Environment 449(1)

Forms of Communication 449(3)

Verbal Communication 449(1)

Nonverbal Communication 450(1)

Symbolic Communication 451(1)

Metacommunication 452(1)

Professional Nursing Relationships 452(2)

Nurse-Client Helping Relationships 452(2)

Nurse-Family Relationships 454(1)

Nurse-Health Team Relationships 454(1)

Nurse-Community Relationships 454(1)

Elements of Professional Communications 454(2)

Courtesy 455(1)

Uses of Names 455(1)

Privacy and Confidentiality 455(1)

Trustworthiness 455(1)

Autonomy and Responsibility 455(1)

Assertiveness 455(1)

Communication Within the Nursing Process 456(14)

Assessment 456(2)

Nursing Diagnosis 458(1)

Planning 458(1)

Implementation 459(5)

Evaluation 464(6)

Client Education 470(30)

Amy Hall

Standards for Client Education 471(1)

Purposes of Client Education 472(1)

Maintenance and Promotion of Health and Illness Prevention 473(1)

Restoration of Health 473(1)

Coping With Impaired Functioning 473(1)

Teaching and Learning 473(2)

Role of the Nurse in Teaching and Learning 474(1)

Teaching as Communication 474(1)

Domains of Learning 475(2)

Cognitive Learning 476(1)

Affective Learning 476(1)

Psychomotor Learning 476(1)

Basic Learning Principles 477(5)

Motivation to Learn 477(3)

Ability to Learn 480(2)

Learning Environment 482(1)

Integrating the Nursing and Teaching Processes 482(18)

Assessment 483(2)

Nursing Diagnosis 485(1)

Planning 485(5)

Implementation 490(5)

Evaluation 495(5)

Documentation 500(24)

Martha Elkin

Multidisciplinary Communication Within the Health Care Team 501(1)

Documentation 502(17)

Purpose of Records 502(2)

Guidelines for Quality Documentation and Reporting 504(2)

Standards 506(1)

Narrative Documentation 506(2)

Charting by Exception 508(4)

Case Management and Critical Pathways 512(1)

Common Record-Keeping Forms 512(4)

Home Health Care Documentation 516(1)

Long-Term Health Care Documentation 516(1)

Computerized Documentation 516(3)

Reporting 519(5)

Change-of-Shift Reports 519(1)

Telephone Reports 520(1)

Telephone Orders 520(1)

Transfer Reports 520(1)

Incident Reports 521(3)

Research as a Basis for Practice 524(16)

Anne Griffin Perry

Historical Perspective 525(2)

Scientific Research in Nursing 527(1)

Knowledge Acquisition 527(1)

Scientific Method 528(1)

Nursing and the Scientific Approach 528(1)

Definitions of Scientific and Nursing Research 529(1)

Research Methods 529(2)

Quantitative Research 530(1)

Qualitative Research 531(1)

Nursing Research and the Nursing Process 531(2)

Conducting Nursing Research 532(1)

Ethical Issues in Research 533(1)

Rights of Human Subjects 533(1)

Rights of Other Research Participants 533(1)

Nursing Research in Nursing Practice 534(6)

Research Report Versus Clinical Article 534(2)

Identifying Clinical Nursing Problems 536(1)

Research Utilization 536(4)
Unit 5 Psychosocial Basis For Nursing Practice

Self-Concept 540(26)

Peggy Breckinridge

Scientific Knowledge Base 541(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 541(9)

Overview of Self-Concept 542(1)

Components of Self-Concept 542(2)

Stressors Affecting Self-Concept 544(3)

Development of Self-Concept 547(3)

Family Effect on Self-Concept Development 550(1)

The Nurse's Effect on the Client's Self-Concept 550(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 550(1)

Self-Concept and the Nursing Process 551(15)

Assessment 551(2)

Nursing Diagnosis 553(1)

Planning 554(3)

Implementation 557(6)

Evaluation 563(3)

Sexuality 566(23)

Peggy Breckinridge

Scientific Knowledge Base 567(5)

Sexual Development 567(2)

Sexual Response Cycle 569(1)

Sexual Orientation 570(1)

Contraception 570(1)

Abortion 571(1)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases 571(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 572(2)

Sociocultural Dimensions of Sexuality 572(1)

Decisional Issues 573(1)

Alterations in Sexual Health 573(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 574(1)

Sexuality and the Nursing Process 574(15)

Assessment 574(6)

Nursing Diagnosis 580(1)

Planning 580(3)

Implementation 583(2)

Evaluation 585(4)

Spiritual Health 589(23)

Patricia A. Potter

Scientific Knowledge Base 590(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 591(4)

Concepts in Spiritual Health 590(3)

Spiritual Problems 593(2)

Religious Problems 595(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 595(2)

Nursing Process 597(15)

Assessment 597(4)

Nursing Diagnosis 601(1)

Planning 602(2)

Implementation 604(4)

Evaluation 608(4)

Responding to Loss, Death, and Grieving 612

Virginia Lester

General Concepts of the Grieving Process 613(3)

Loss 613(1)

Grief 613(1)

Personal Loss 614(1)

Actual Loss 615(1)

Perceived Loss 615(1)

Maturational Loss 615(1)

Situational Loss 615(1)

Coping Mechanisms in Grief and Loss 615(1)

Scientific Knowledge Base 616(3)

Theories of the Grieving Process 616(2)

Psychosocial Perspective of Loss and Grief 618(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 619(2)

Death as a Unique Experience 619(1)

Communication 620(1)

Values 620(1)

Ethical Issues 621(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 621(1)

The Nursing Process and Grief 621(19)

Assessment 621(4)

Nursing Diagnosis 625(2)

Planning 627(2)

Implementation 629(8)

Evaluation 637(3)

Documentation 640

Stress and Adaptation 643(668)

Bobbi Shatto

Scientific Knowledge Base 643(7)

Stress and Stressors 644(1)

Physiological Adaptation 644(1)

Models of Stress 645(1)

Factors Influencing Response to Stressors 646(1)

Adaptation to Stressors 646(1)

Response to Stress 647(3)

Nursing Knowledge Base 650(3)

Psychological Response 650(1)

Developmental Factors 650(1)

Intellectual Factors 650(1)

Emotional Behavioral Issues 651(1)

Family Factors 651(1)

Lifestyle Issues 651(1)

Sociocultural Issues 651(1)

Spiritual Considerations 651(2)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 653(1)

Nursing Process 653(15)

Assessment 653(4)

Nursing Diagnosis 657(1)

Planning 658(1)

Implementation 658(6)

Evaluation 664(4)
Unit 6 Scientific Basis For Nursing Practice

Vital Signs 668(56)

Susan Jane Fetzer

Guidelines for Taking Vital Signs 669(2)

Body Temperature 671(19)

Physiology 671(3)

Factors Affecting Body Temperature 674(3)

Nursing Process and Thermo-regulation 677(13)

Pulse 690(8)

Physiology and Regulation 690(1)

Assessment of Pulse 691(5)

Character of the Pulse 696(2)

Nursing Process and Pulse Determination 698(1)

Respiration 698(8)

Physiological Control 698(1)

Mechanics of Breathing 698(1)

Assessment of Respirations 698(4)

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion 702(4)

Nursing Process and Respiratory Vital Signs 706(1)

Blood Pressure 706(12)

Physiology of Arterial Blood Pressure 706(2)

Factors Influencing Blood Pressure 708(1)

Hypertension 708(1)

Hypotension 709(4)

Assessment of Blood Pressure 713(5)

Nursing Process and Blood Pressure Determination 718(1)

Health Promotion and Vital Signs 718(1)

Recording Vital Signs 719(5)

Health Assessment and Physical Examination 724(110)

Elaine K. Neel

Purposes of Physical Examination 725(2)

Gathering a Health History 726(1)

Developing Nursing Diagnoses and a Care Plan 726(1)

Managing Client Problems 726(1)

Evaluating Nursing Care 727(1)

Cultural Sensitivity 727(1)

Integration of Physical Assessment With Nursing Care 727(1)

Skills of Physical Assessment 727(4)

Inspection 727(1)

Palpation 727(2)

Percussion 729(1)

Auscultation 730(1)

Olfaction 731(1)

Preparation for Examination 731(4)

Infection Control 731(1)

Environment 731(1)

Equipment 732(1)

Physical Preparation of the Client 732(1)

Psychological Preparation of the Client 733(1)

Assessment of Age-Groups 733(2)

Organization of the Examination 735(1)

General Survey 736(6)

General Appearance and Behavior 737(2)

Vital Signs 739(1)

Height, Weight, and Circumference 739(3)

Skin, Hair, and Nails 742(10)

Skin 742(7)

Hair and Scalp 749(1)

Nails 750(2)

Head and Neck 752(21)

Head 752(1)

Eyes 752(7)

Ears 759(4)

Nose and Sinuses 763(2)

Mouth and Pharynx 765(4)

Neck 769(4)

Thorax and Lungs 773(7)

Posterior Thorax 774(4)

Lateral Thorax 778(1)

Anterior Thorax 778(2)

Heart 780(5)

Inspection and Palpation 782(1)

Auscultation 783(2)

Vascular System 785(9)

Blood Pressure 785(1)

Carotid Arteries 785(2)

Jugular Veins 787(1)

Peripheral Arteries and Veins 788(6)

Lymphatic System 794(1)

Breasts 794(6)

Female Breasts 794(6)

Male Breasts 800(1)

Abdomen 800(5)

Inspection 800(2)

Auscultation 802(1)

Percussion 803(1)

Palpation 804(1)

Female Genitalia and Reproductive Tract 805(5)

Preparation of the Client 806(1)

External Genitalia 807(1)

Speculum Examination of Internal Genitalia 808(2)

Male Genitalia 810(4)

Sexual Maturity 811(1)

Penis 811(1)

Scrotum 812(1)

Inguinal Ring and Canal 813(1)

Rectum and Anus 814(2)

Inspection 814(1)

Digital Palpation 814(2)

Musculoskeletal System 816(5)

General Inspection 816(1)

Palpation 817(1)

Range of Joint Motion 818(2)

Muscle Tone and Strength 820(1)

Neurological System 821(10)

Mental and Emotional Status 821(3)

Intellectual Function 824(1)

Cranial Nerve Function 825(1)

Sensory Function 825(4)

Motor Function 829(1)

Reflexes 829(2)

After the Examination 831(3)

Infection Control 834(50)

Leah Frederick

Nature of Infection 835(4)

Chain of Infection 835(4)

The Infectious Process 839(45)

Defenses Against Infection 839(3)

Nosocomial Infections 842(2)

The Nursing Process in Infection Control 844(1)

Assessment 844(2)

Nursing Diagnosis 846(1)

Planning 847(1)

Implementation 848(31)

Evaluation 879(5)

Medication Administration 884(83)

Carl A. Kirton

Scientific Knowledge Base 885(6)

Pharmacological Concepts 885(1)

Medication Legislation and Standards 886(3)

Pharmacokinetics as the Basis of Medication Actions 889(1)

Absorption 889(1)

Distribution 890(1)

Metabolism 890(1)

Excretion 890(1)

Types of Medication Action 891(2)

Therapeutic Effects 891(1)

Side Effects 891(1)

Adverse Effects 891(1)

Toxic Effects 891(1)

Idiosyncratic Reactions 891(1)

Allergic Reactions 891(1)

Medication Interactions 892(1)

Medication Dose Responses 892(1)

Routes of Administration 893(3)

Oral Routes 893(2)

Parenteral Routes 895(1)

Topical Administration 895(1)

Inhalation Route 896(1)

Intraocular Route 896(1)

Systems of Medication Measurement 896(1)

Metric System 896(1)

Household Measurements 897(1)

Solutions 897(1)

Clinical Calculations 897(2)

Conversions Within One System 897(1)

Conversion Between Systems 897(1)

Dose Calculations 898(1)

Pediatric Doses 898(1)

Administering Medications 899(3)

Prescriber's Role 899(2)

Nurse's Role 901(1)

Critical Thinking in Medication Administration 902(3)

Knowledge 902(1)

Experience 902(1)

Attitudes 902(1)

Standards 903(2)

Nursing Process and Medication Administration 905(6)

Assessment 905(1)

Nursing Diagnosis 906(1)

Planning 906(1)

Implementation 906(4)

Evaluation 910(1)

Oral Administration 911(5)

Topical Medication Applications 916(11)

Skin Applications 916(1)

Nasal Instillation 917(1)

Eye Instillation 917(6)

Ear Instillation 923(1)

Vaginal Instillation 923(1)

Rectal Instillation 923(4)

Administering Medications by Inhalation 927(1)

Administering Medications by Irrigations 927(1)

Parenteral Administration of Medications 927(40)

Equipment 930(3)

Preparing an Injection From an Ampule 933(1)

Preparing an Injection From a Vial 933(4)

Mixing Medications 937(1)

Insulin Preparation 938(1)

Administering Injections 938(11)

Intravenous Administration 949(15)

Administration of Intravenous Therapy in the Home 964(3)

Complementary and Alternative Therapies 967(22)

Kathryn Ann Caudell

Biobehavioral Therapies 969(10)

Relaxation Therapy 972(3)

Imagery 975(1)

Biofeedback 976(1)

Hypnotherapy 977(1)

Meditation 978(1)

Manual Healing Therapies 979(2)

Therapeutic Touch 979(1)

Chiropractic Therapy 980(1)

Traditional and Ethnomedicine Therapies 981(1)

Traditional Chinese Medicine 981(1)

Acupuncture 981(1)

Herbal Therapies 982(1)

Clinical Applications of Herbal Therapy 983(1)

Limitations of Herbal Therapy 983(1)

Nursing Role in Complementary and Alternative Therapies 983(6)
Unit 7 Basic Human Needs

Activity and Exercise 989(29)

Rita Wunderlich

Scientific Knowledge Base 990(4)

Overview of Body Mechanics, Exercise, and Activity 990(2)

Regulation of Movement 992(1)

Principles of Body Mechanics 993(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 994(3)

Developmental Changes 994(1)

Behavioral Aspects 995(1)

Environmental Issues 995(1)

Cultural and Ethnic Influences 996(1)

Family and Social Support 996(1)

Critical Thinking and Application of Exercise and Activity 997(1)

Nursing Process 998(20)

Assessment 998(2)

Nursing Diagnosis 1000(1)

Planning 1000(1)

Implementation 1001(13)

Evaluation 1014(4)

Safety 1018(36)

Kathleen Mulryan

Scientific Knowledge Base 1019(4)

Environmental Safety 1019(4)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1023(3)

Risks at Developmental Stages 1023(2)

Individual Risk Factors 1025(1)

Risks in the Health Care Agency 1025(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1026(2)

Safety and the Nursing Process 1028(26)

Assessment 1028(1)

Nursing Diagnosis 1028(1)

Planning 1028(1)

Implementation 1029(21)

Evaluation 1050(4)

Hygiene 1054(70)

Patricia A. Potter

Scientific Knowledge Base 1055(3)

The Skin 1055(1)

The Feet, Hands, and Nails 1056(1)

The Oral Cavity 1057(1)

The Hair 1057(1)

The Eyes, Ears, and Nose 1057(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1058(2)

Social Practices 1058(1)

Personal Preferences 1059(1)

Body Image 1059(1)

Socioeconomic Status 1059(1)

Health Beliefs and Motivation 1059(1)

Cultural Variables 1059(1)

Physical Condition 1059(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1060(1)

Nursing Process 1061(63)

Assessment 1061(9)

Nursing Diagnosis 1070(1)

Planning 1071(3)

Implementation 1074(46)

Evaluation 1120(4)

Oxygenation 1124(69)

Pamela Becker Weilitz

Scientific Knowledge Base 1125(15)

Cardiovascular Physiology 1125(4)

Respiratory Physiology 1129(3)

Factors Affecting Oxygenation 1132(2)

Alterations in Cardiac Functioning 1134(4)

Alterations in Respiratory Functioning 1138(2)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1140(3)

Developmental Factors 1140(1)

Lifestyle Factors 1141(2)

Environmental Factors 1143(1)

Stress/Anxiety 1143(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1143(1)

Nursing Process 1143(50)

Assessment 1143(12)

Nursing Diagnosis 1155(1)

Planning 1155(2)

Implementation 1157(32)

Evaluation 1189(4)

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balances 1193(57)

Elizabeth Speakman

Scientific Knowledge Base 1194(11)

Distribution of Body Fluids 1194(1)

Composition of Body Fluids 1194(1)

Movement of Body Fluids 1195(1)

Regulation of Body Fluids 1196(2)

Regulation of Electrolytes 1198(1)

Regulation of Acid-Base Balance 1199(1)

Disturbances in Electrolyte, Fluid, and Acid-Base Balances 1200(5)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1205(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1205(1)

Nursing Process 1206(44)

Assessment 1206(8)

Nursing Diagnosis 1214(1)

Planning 1215(2)

Implementation 1217(28)

Evaluation 1245(5)

Sleep 1250(31)

Patricia A. Stockert

Scientific Knowledge Base 1251(7)

Physiology of Sleep 1251(2)

Functions of Sleep 1253(1)

Physical Illness 1254(1)

Sleep Disorders 1255(3)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1258(3)

Sleep and Rest 1258(1)

Normal Sleep Requirements and Patterns 1258(2)

Factors Affecting Sleep 1260(1)

Criticla Thinking Synthesis 1261(2)

Nursing Process 1263(18)

Assessment 1263(4)

Nursing Diagnosis 1267(1)

Planning 1267(1)

Implementation 1268(8)

Evaluation 1276(5)

Comfort 1281(42)

Mary F. Clarke

Maureen Carty

Scientific Knowledge Base 1282(7)

Nature of Pain 1282(1)

Physiology of Pain 1283(5)

Types of Pain 1288(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1289(4)

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs 1289(1)

Factors Influencing Pain 1289(4)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1293(1)

Nursing Process and Pain 1293(30)

Assessment 1293(8)

Nursing Diagnosis 1301(1)

Planning 1302(1)

Implementation 1303(15)

Evaluation 1318(5)

Nutrition 1323(60)

Nancy Semenza

Scientific Knowledge Base 1324(13)

Nutrients: The Biochemical Units of Nutrition 1324(6)

Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive System 1330(3)

Dietary Guidelines 1333(4)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1337(10)

Nutrition During Human Growth and Development 1337(7)

Alternative Food Patterns 1344(3)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1347(1)

Nursing Process and Nutrition 1348(35)

Assessment 1348(2)

Nursing Diagnosis 1350(2)

Planning 1352(4)

Implementation 1356(21)

Evaluation 1377(6)

Urinary Elimination 1383(53)

Judith Ann Kilpatrick

Scientific Knowledge Base 1384(8)

Kidneys 1384(2)

Ureters 1386(1)

Bladder 1386(1)

Urethra 1386(1)

Act of Urination 1386(6)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1392(1)

Infection Control and Hygiene 1392(1)

Developmental Considerations 1393(1)

Psychosocial Considerations 1393(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1393(1)

Nursing Process and Alterations in Urinary Function 1393(43)

Assessment 1393(13)

Nursing Diagnosis 1406(1)

Planning 1406(2)

Implementation 1408(24)

Evaluation 1432(4)

Bowel Elimination 1436(49)

Sharon Souter

Scientific Knowledge Base 1437(3)

Mouth 1437(1)

Esophagus 1437(1)

Stomach 1438(1)

Small Intestine 1439(1)

Large Intestine 1439(1)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1440(9)

Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination 1440(3)

Common Bowel Elimination Problems 1443(1)

Bowel Diversions 1444(5)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1449(1)

Nursing Process and Bowel Elimination 1450(35)

Assessment 1450(4)

Nursing Diagnosis 1454(1)

Planning 1455(1)

Implementation 1456(27)

Evaluation 1483(2)
Unit 8 Clients With Special Needs

Mobility and Immobility 1485(59)

Ruth Ludwick

Scientific Knowledge Base 1486(6)

Physiology and Principles of Body Mechanics 1486(1)

Regulation of Movement 1487(3)

Pathological Influences on Mobility 1490(2)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1492(6)

Mobility-Immobility 1492(6)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1498(1)

Nursing Process for Impaired Body Alignment and Mobility 1498(46)

Assessment 1499(11)

Nursing Diagnosis 1510(1)

Planning 1510(3)

Implementation 1513(27)

Evaluation 1540(4)

Skin Integrity and Wound Care 1544(86)

Elizabeth Ayello

Anne Griffin Perry

Scientific Knowledge Base 1545(12)

Normal Integument 1545(1)

Pressure Ulcers 1545(3)

Classification of Pressure Ulcer Staging or Color 1548(3)

Wound Classifications 1551(6)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1557(9)

Prediction and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers 1557(6)

Factors Influencing Pressure Ulcer Formation and Wound Healing 1563(3)

Psychosocial Impact of Wound 1566(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1566(1)

Nursing Process 1567(63)

Assessment 1567(8)

Nursing Diagnosis 1575(1)

Planning 1576(1)

Implementation 1577(48)

Evaluation 1625(5)

Sensory Alterations 1630(29)

Jan Boundy

Scientific Knowledge Base 1631(4)

Normal Sensation 1631(1)

Sensory Alterations 1632(3)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1635(2)

Factors Affecting Sensory Function 1635(2)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1637(1)

Nursing Process 1637(22)

Assessment 1637(6)

Nursing Diagnosis 1643(1)

Planning 1643(3)

Implementation 1646(9)

Evaluation 1655(4)

Surgical Client 1659(54)

Denise E. Antle

Anne R. Lewis

History of Surgical Nursing 1660(1)

Ambulatory Surgery 1661(1)

Scientific Knowledge Base 1661(4)

Classification of Surgery 1661(1)

Risk Factors 1661(4)

Nursing Knowledge Base 1665(1)

Critical Thinking Synthesis 1665(1)

The Nursing Process in the Preoperative Surgical Phase 1665(27)

Assessment 1665(9)

Nursing Diagnosis 1674(1)

Planning 1675(1)

Implementation 1675(17)

Evaluation 1692(1)

Transport to the Operating Room 1692(1)

Intraoperative Surgical Phase 1693(7)

Preoperative (Holding) Area 1693(1)

Admission to the Operating Room 1694(1)

Introduction of Anesthesia 1694(5)

Positioning the Client for Surgery 1699(1)

Nurse's Role During Surgery 1699(1)

Postoperative Surgical Phase 1700(2)

Immediate Postoperative Recovery 1700(1)

Discharge From the PACU 1701(1)

Recovery in Ambulatory Surgery 1702(1)

Postoperative Convalescence 1702(1)

The Nursing Process in Postoperative Care 1702(11)

Assessment 1702(6)

Nursing Diagnosis 1708(1)

Planning 1708(1)

Implementation 1708(5)

Evaluation 1713