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简介
Volume 47 focuses on environmental quality and biotechnology. Four articles on soil science cover the effects of acidic deposition on forested soils, transport of chemicals through soil, transport and retention of inorganics in soils, and use of surface complexation models in soil chemical systems. Two articles on crop science survey crop variety fingerprinting, and the evolution of corn. For agronomists and biotechnologists in academe, industry, and government. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
目录
Contributors p. vii
Preface p. ix
1 Advances in Assessing Bioavailability of Metal(Loid)s in Contaminated Soils Kirk G. Scheckel and Rufus L. Chaney and Nicholas T. Basta and James A. Ryan p. 1
1 Introduction p. 3
2 Metal Risks in Soil p. 7
3 Biological Metal Uptake p. 12
4 Metal Extractability to Predict Availability p. 16
5 Metal Chemistry p. 22
6 Understanding Metal Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility, and Speciation p. 28
7 Conclusions p. 41
Acknowledgments p. 43
References p. 43
2 Nitrogen in Rainfed and Irrigated Cropping Systems in the Mediterranean Region John Ryan and Hayriye Ibrikci and Rolf Sommer and Ann McNeill p. 53
1 Introduction p. 55
2 Mediterranean Agroecosystems p. 57
3 Perspective on Nitrogen in Agriculture p. 63
4 Fertilizer use Trends in the Mediterranean Region p. 66
5 Response of Rainfed Crops to Nitrogen Fertilizer p. 68
6 Assessing Soil Nitrogen Status for Crop Yields p. 80
7 Nitrogen Fixation Under Mediterranean Dryland Conditions p. 85
8 Potential Losses of Nitrogen in Dryland Cropping p. 92
9 Integrated Cropping Systems: Implications for Nitrogen p. 95
10 Nitrogen in Supplemental Irrigation Systems p. 105
11 Nitrogen Tracer use in Rainfed Cropping Systems p. 107
12 Modeling of Nitrogen in Rainfed Cropping Systems p. 113
13 Future Perspective p. 120
Acknowledgments p. 121
References p. 121
3 Biogeochemical Processes Controlling the Fate and Transport of Arsenic: Implications for South and Southeast Asia Scott Fendorf and Benjamin D. Kocar p. 137
1 Introduction p. 138
2 Arsenic Aqueous Chemistry p. 139
3 Arsenic Surface and Solid Phases p. 139
4 Desorption of Arsenic in Soils and Sediments p. 146
5 Biogeochemical Processes p. 149
6 Processes Controlling Arsenic Concentrations in South(east) Asia p. 154
7 Summary and Conclusions p. 157
Acknowledgments p. 158
References p. 158
4 Inorganic and Organic Constituents and Contaminants of Biosolids: Implications for Land Application R. J. Haynes and G. Murtaza and R. Naidu p. 165
1 Introduction p. 166
2 Sewage Treatment Processes p. 168
3 Composition of Biosolids p. 169
4 Nutrient Content and Release p. 175
5 Heavy Metal Contaminants p. 182
6 Organic Contaminants p. 208
7 Synthesis and Conclusions p. 234
References p. 237
Index p. 269
Preface p. ix
1 Advances in Assessing Bioavailability of Metal(Loid)s in Contaminated Soils Kirk G. Scheckel and Rufus L. Chaney and Nicholas T. Basta and James A. Ryan p. 1
1 Introduction p. 3
2 Metal Risks in Soil p. 7
3 Biological Metal Uptake p. 12
4 Metal Extractability to Predict Availability p. 16
5 Metal Chemistry p. 22
6 Understanding Metal Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility, and Speciation p. 28
7 Conclusions p. 41
Acknowledgments p. 43
References p. 43
2 Nitrogen in Rainfed and Irrigated Cropping Systems in the Mediterranean Region John Ryan and Hayriye Ibrikci and Rolf Sommer and Ann McNeill p. 53
1 Introduction p. 55
2 Mediterranean Agroecosystems p. 57
3 Perspective on Nitrogen in Agriculture p. 63
4 Fertilizer use Trends in the Mediterranean Region p. 66
5 Response of Rainfed Crops to Nitrogen Fertilizer p. 68
6 Assessing Soil Nitrogen Status for Crop Yields p. 80
7 Nitrogen Fixation Under Mediterranean Dryland Conditions p. 85
8 Potential Losses of Nitrogen in Dryland Cropping p. 92
9 Integrated Cropping Systems: Implications for Nitrogen p. 95
10 Nitrogen in Supplemental Irrigation Systems p. 105
11 Nitrogen Tracer use in Rainfed Cropping Systems p. 107
12 Modeling of Nitrogen in Rainfed Cropping Systems p. 113
13 Future Perspective p. 120
Acknowledgments p. 121
References p. 121
3 Biogeochemical Processes Controlling the Fate and Transport of Arsenic: Implications for South and Southeast Asia Scott Fendorf and Benjamin D. Kocar p. 137
1 Introduction p. 138
2 Arsenic Aqueous Chemistry p. 139
3 Arsenic Surface and Solid Phases p. 139
4 Desorption of Arsenic in Soils and Sediments p. 146
5 Biogeochemical Processes p. 149
6 Processes Controlling Arsenic Concentrations in South(east) Asia p. 154
7 Summary and Conclusions p. 157
Acknowledgments p. 158
References p. 158
4 Inorganic and Organic Constituents and Contaminants of Biosolids: Implications for Land Application R. J. Haynes and G. Murtaza and R. Naidu p. 165
1 Introduction p. 166
2 Sewage Treatment Processes p. 168
3 Composition of Biosolids p. 169
4 Nutrient Content and Release p. 175
5 Heavy Metal Contaminants p. 182
6 Organic Contaminants p. 208
7 Synthesis and Conclusions p. 234
References p. 237
Index p. 269
Advances in agronomy. V.104 /
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