简介
This is the first book to explore the cognitive science of effortless attention and action. Attention and action are generally understood to require effort, and the expectation is that under normal circumstances effort increases to meet rising demand. Sometimes, however, attention and action seem to flow effortlessly despite high demand. Effortless attention and action have been documented across a range of normal activities--ranging from rock climbing to chess playing--and yet fundamental questions about the cognitive science of effortlessness have gone largely unasked. This book draws from the disciplines of cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, behavioral psychology, genetics, philosophy, and cross-cultural studies. Starting from the premise that the phenomena of effortless attention and action provide an opportunity to test current models of attention and action, leading researchers from around the world examine topics including effort as a cognitive resource, the role of effort in decision-making, the neurophysiology of effortless attention and action, the role of automaticity in effortless action, expert performance in effortless action, and the neurophysiology and benefits of attentional training.ContributorsJoshua M. Ackerman, James H. Austin, John A. Bargh Roy F. Baumeister, Sian L. Beilock, Chris Blais, Matthew M. Botvinick, Brian Bruya, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Marci S. DeCaro, Arne Dietrich, Yuri Dormashev, L szl Harmat, Bernhard Hommel, Rebecca Lewthwaite, rjan de Manzano, Joseph T. McGuire, Brian P. Meier, Arlen C. Moller, Jeanne Nakamura, Michael I. Posner, Mary K. Rothbart, M. R. Rueda, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Edward Slingerland, Oliver Stoll, Yiyuan Tang, T res Theorell, Fredrik Ull n, Gabriele Wulf
目录
Introduction p. 1
Toward a Theory of Attention That Includes Effortless Attention and Action Brian Bruya
1 Effortful Attention Control Brandon J. Schmeichel and Roy F. Baumeister p. 29
2 The Benefits and Perils of Attentional Control
Marci S. DeCaro Sian L. Beilock p. 51
3 Effortless Motor Learning? p. 75
An External Focus of Attention Enhances Movement Effectiveness and Efficiency Gabriele Wulf and Rebecca Lewthwaite
4 The Impact of Anticipated Cognitive Demand on Attention and Behavioral Choice Joseph T. McGuire and Matthew M. Botvinick p. 103
5 Grounding Attention in Action Control p. 121
The Intentional Control of Selection Bernhard Hommel
6 Implicit versus Deliberate Control and Its Implications for Awareness Chris Blais p. 141
7 Effortless Attention, Hypofrontality, and Perfectionism Arne Dietrich and Oliver Stoll p. 159
8 Effortless Attention in Everyday Life p. 179
A Systematic Phenomenology Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Jeanne Nakamura
9 Developing an Experimental Induction of Flow p. 191
Effortless Action in the Lab Arlen C. Moller and Brian P. Meier and Robert D. Wall
10 The Physiology of Effortless Attention p. 205
Correlates of State Flow and Flow Proneness Fredrik Ullen and Orjan de Manzano and Tores Theorell and Laszlo Harmat
11 Apertures, Draw, and Syntax p. 219
Remodeling Attention Brian Bruya
12 Toward an Empirically Responsible Ethics p. 247
Cognitive Science, Virtue Ethics, and Effortless Attention in Early Chinese Thought Edward Slingerland
13 Flow Experience Explained on the Grounds of an Activity Approach to Attention Yuri Dormashev p. 287
14 Two to Tango p. 335
Automatic Social Coordination and the Role of Felt Effort Joshua M. Ackerman and John A. Bargh
15 The Thalamic Gateway p. 373
How the Meditative Training of Attention Evolves toward Selfless Transformations of Consciousness James H. Austin
16 Training Effortless Attention Michael I. Posner and Mary K. Rothbart and M. R. Rueda and Yiyuan Tang p. 409
Contributors p. 425
Index p. 429
Toward a Theory of Attention That Includes Effortless Attention and Action Brian Bruya
1 Effortful Attention Control Brandon J. Schmeichel and Roy F. Baumeister p. 29
2 The Benefits and Perils of Attentional Control
Marci S. DeCaro Sian L. Beilock p. 51
3 Effortless Motor Learning? p. 75
An External Focus of Attention Enhances Movement Effectiveness and Efficiency Gabriele Wulf and Rebecca Lewthwaite
4 The Impact of Anticipated Cognitive Demand on Attention and Behavioral Choice Joseph T. McGuire and Matthew M. Botvinick p. 103
5 Grounding Attention in Action Control p. 121
The Intentional Control of Selection Bernhard Hommel
6 Implicit versus Deliberate Control and Its Implications for Awareness Chris Blais p. 141
7 Effortless Attention, Hypofrontality, and Perfectionism Arne Dietrich and Oliver Stoll p. 159
8 Effortless Attention in Everyday Life p. 179
A Systematic Phenomenology Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Jeanne Nakamura
9 Developing an Experimental Induction of Flow p. 191
Effortless Action in the Lab Arlen C. Moller and Brian P. Meier and Robert D. Wall
10 The Physiology of Effortless Attention p. 205
Correlates of State Flow and Flow Proneness Fredrik Ullen and Orjan de Manzano and Tores Theorell and Laszlo Harmat
11 Apertures, Draw, and Syntax p. 219
Remodeling Attention Brian Bruya
12 Toward an Empirically Responsible Ethics p. 247
Cognitive Science, Virtue Ethics, and Effortless Attention in Early Chinese Thought Edward Slingerland
13 Flow Experience Explained on the Grounds of an Activity Approach to Attention Yuri Dormashev p. 287
14 Two to Tango p. 335
Automatic Social Coordination and the Role of Felt Effort Joshua M. Ackerman and John A. Bargh
15 The Thalamic Gateway p. 373
How the Meditative Training of Attention Evolves toward Selfless Transformations of Consciousness James H. Austin
16 Training Effortless Attention Michael I. Posner and Mary K. Rothbart and M. R. Rueda and Yiyuan Tang p. 409
Contributors p. 425
Index p. 429
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