Engineering Properties of Soils and Rocks
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1— Properties, Description and Classification of Soils
1.1— Origin of Soil
1.2— Basic Properties of Soil
1.3— Particle Size Distribution
1.4— Consistency Limits
1.5— Soil Classification and Description
1.6— Shear Strength of Soil
1.7— Consolidation
References
Chapter 2— Coarse Grained Soils
2.1— Introduction
2.2— Deformation of Coarse Grained Soil
2.3— Strength and Distortion
2.4— Locked Sands
2.5— Some Examples of Sand Deposits
2.6— Liquefaction of Sands
2.7— Gravels and Sands as Construction Materials
References
Chapter 3— Silt, Loess and Brickearth
3.1— Silt
3.2— Loess
3.2.1— Basic Geotechnical Properties of Loess
3.2.2— Strength, Consolidation and Permeability of Loess
3.3— Brickearth
3.3.1— Basic Engineering Properties
3.3.2— Consolidation and Shear Strength of Brickearth
3.4— Collapsible Soil
References
Chapter 4— Clay Soils
4.1— Introduction
4.2— Microstructure of Clay Soils
4.3— Index Properties of Clay Soils
4.4— Volume Changes in Clay Soils: Swelling and Shrinkage
4.4.1— Desiccation in Clay Soils
4.4.2— Assessment of Volume Changes in Clay Soils
4.4.3— Methods of Dealing with Swelling and Shrinking Clays
4.5— Volume Changes Due to Loading and Unloading
4.6— The Strength of Clay Soils
4.7— Weathering of Clay Soils
4.8— Fissures in Clay
4.8.1— Character of Fissures
4.8.2— Strength of Fissured Clay
References
Chapter 5— Soils of Cold Climates
5.1— Character and Types of Tills
5.2— Basic Properties of Tills
5.3— Compressibility and Strength of Tills
5.4— Fluvio-glacial Deposits
5.4.1— Ice-contact Deposits
5.4.2— Glacio-lacustrine Deposits
5.4.3— Glacio-marine Deposits
5.5— Quick Clays
5.6— Frozen Ground and Periglacial Conditions
5.6.1— Classification of Frozen Soil
5.6.2— Mechanical Properties of Frozen Soil
5.6.3— Thaw of Frozen Ground
5.7— Frost Heave
References
Chapter 6— Tropical and Subtropical Soils
6.1— Introduction
6.2— Classification of Tropical Residual Soils
6.3— Laterite, Laterization and Red Clays
6.4— Physical Properties and Engineering Behaviour of Lateritic Soils
6.5— Andosols and Halloysitic Soils
6.6— Black Clays: Vertisols
6.7— Dispersive Soils
6.8— Soils of Arid Regions
6.8.1— Sabkhas
6.8.2— Duricrusts or Pedocretes
References
Chapter 7— Organic Soils: Peat
7.1— Introduction
7.2— Development of Peatlands and Types of Peat Deposit
7.3— Humification of Peat
7.4— Description and Classification of Peat
7.5— Basic Properties of Peat
7.6— Consolidation and Settlement of Peat
7.7— Subsidence of Peatlands Due to Land Drainage
References
Chapter 8— Engineering Behaviour of Rocks
8.1— Factors Controlling the Mechanical Behaviour of Rocks
8.1.1— Composition and Texture
8.1.2— Temperature–pressure Conditions
8.1.3— Pore Solutions
8.1.4— Time-dependent Behaviour
8.2— Deformation and Failure of Rocks
8.2.1— Stages of Deformation
8.2.2— Theories of Brittle Failure
References
Chapter 9— Discontinuities in Rock Masses
9.1— Nomenclature of Joints
9.2— Origins of Joints
9.3— Description of Jointed Rock Masses
9.3.1— Incidence of Discontinuities
9.3.2— Geometry of Discontinuities
9.3.3— Surfaces of Discontinuities
9.3.4— Flow of Water and Discontinuities
9.4— Discontinuities and Rock Quality Indices
9.5— Discontinuity Surveys
9.5.1— Direct Discontinuity Surveys
9.5.2— Drillholes and Discontinuity Surveys
9.5.3— Photographs and Discontinuity Surveys
9.6— Recording Discontinuity Data
9.7— Strength of Discontinuous Rock Masses and its Assessment
References
Chapter 10— Weathering of Rocks and Rock Masses
10.1— Introduction
10.2— Rate of Weathering
10.3— Mechanical Weathering
10.4— Chemical and Biological Weathering
10.5— Salt Weathering
10.6— Slaking and Swelling of Mudrocks
10.7— A Note on the Weathering of Stone in Polluted Urban Atmospheres
10.8— Engineering Classification of Weathering
10.8.1— Classifications Based on Chemical and Petrographic Indices, and Simple Index Tests
10.8.2— Description and Classification of Weathered Rocks
References
Chapter 11— Description and Classification of Rocks and Rock Masses
11.1— Introduction
11.2— Properties of Rocks and Rock Masses
11.2.1— Geological Properties
11.2.2— Rock Composition and Texture in Relation to Physical Properties
11.2.3— Weathering and Alteration of Rocks
11.2.4— Physical Properties of Rock
11.3— Basic Geotechnical Description of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM)
11.4— Principles of Classification
11.5— Review of Classifications
11.6— The Rating Concept
References
Chapter 12— Engineering Properties of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
12.1— Granite and Other Plutonic Igneous Rocks
12.2— Weathering in Granite and Other Plutonic Igneous Rocks
12.3— Rocks of the Volcanic Association
12.3.1— Basalts and Dolerites
12.3.2— The Durability of Basalts and Dolerites
12.3.3— Pyroclastic Deposits
12.4— Metamorphic Rocks
References
Chapter 13— Engineering Properties of Arenaceous and Argillaceous Rocks
13.1— Petrographic Properties of Sandstones and their Relation to Geomechanical Properties
13.2— Geomechanical Properties of Sandstones
13.3— Moisture Content and Strength Reduction
13.4— Durability of Sandstone
13.5— Character of Mudrocks
13.6— Geomechanical Properties of Mudrocks
13.7— Durability of Mudrocks
13.8— Ground Movements and Mudrocks
13.9— Calcareous Mudrocks: Marls
13.10— Evaluation of Mudrocks for Brickmaking
References
Chapter 14— Carbonate and Evaporitic Rocks
14.1— Origin and Classification of Carbonate Rocks
14.2— Geomechanical Properties of Limestones and Dolostones
14.3— Limestones and Dissolution
14.4— Durability of Limestone as Building Stone
14.5— Chalk: An Introduction
14.6— Density, Porosity and Permeability of Chalk
14.7— Strength and Deformability of Chalk
14.8— Dissolution, Durability and Frost Effects
14.9— Evaporitic Rocks: Introduction
14.10— Geomechanical Properties of Evaporitic Rocks
14.11— Dissolution of Evaporitic Rocks
References
Chapter 15— Subsurface Water and Ground Conditions
15.1— The Origin and Occurrence of Groundwater
15.2— Capillary Movement in Soil
15.3— Porosity and Permeability
15.3.1— Porosity
15.3.2— Specific Retention and Specific Yield
15.3.3— Permeability
15.4— Flow through Soils and Rocks
15.4.1— Darcy\\u0027s Law
15.4.2— General Equation of Flow
15.4.3— Flow through Stratified Deposits
15.4.4— Fissure Flow
15.5— Pore Pressures, Total Pressures and Effective Pressures
15.6— Critical Hydraulic Gradient, Quick Conditions and Hydraulic Uplift Phenomena
15.7— Groundwater Abstraction and Subsidence
15.8— Groundwater Control
15.8.1— Groundwater Lowering
15.8.2— Exclusion Techniques
15.8.3— Ground Freezing
15.8.4— Grouting
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y