简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
In this text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in medicine, biology, physiology, and biophysics, West, a chief scientist of mathematics for the US Army, and Griffin, a National Research Council fellow at Duke University, approach locomotion from the perspective that the human body is a complex adaptive system. They describe both the large-scale aspects of locomotion and the randomized mechanisms of biodynamics in a treatment that uses simple scaling methods, minimal mathematics, and a conversational style. Learning features include problems, examples, and b&w drawings. Annotation 漏2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Publisher Summary 2
You can never step in the same river twice, goes the old adage of philosophy. An observation on the transitory nature of fluids in motion, this saying also describes the endless variations researchers face when studying human movement. Understanding these biodynamics-why the wirewalker doesn't fall-requires a grasp of the constant fluctuations and fine tunings which maintain balance in the complex, fluid system of human locomotion.
Taking a comprehensive approach to the phenomenon of locomotion, Biodynamics: Why the Wirewalker Doesn't Fall integrates physical laws and principles with concepts of fractals, chaos, and randomness. In so doing, it formulates a description of both the large-scale, smooth aspects of locomotion and the more minute, randomized mechanisms of this physiological process.
Ideal for beginners in this subject, Biodynamics provides an elegant explanation without assuming the reader's understanding of complex physical principles or mathematical equations. Chapter topics include:
* Dimensions, measurement, and scaling
* Mechanics and dynamics
* Biometrics
* Conservation of momentum
* Biomechanics
* Bioelectricity
* Bioenergetics
* Fluid mechanics and dynamics
* Data analysis
* Biostatistics
Packed with problem sets, examples, and original line drawings, Biodynamics is an invaluable text for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and instructors in medicine, biology, physiology, biophysics, and bioengineering.
目录
Preface p. ix
Part I Introduction to Science
Chapter 1 Ways of Knowing p. 3
1.1 Human Locomotion in Perspective p. 4
1.2 What Is Biodynamics? p. 7
1.3 Kinds of Knowing p. 12
1.4 Summary p. 25
Chapter 2 Ways of Thinking p. 27
2.1 What are Dimensions? p. 28
2.2 Method of Dimensions p. 38
2.3 Some Interpretation p. 46
2.4 Summary p. 49
Chapter 3 Mechanics--A First Look p. 51
3.1 Some History p. 52
3.2 So This Is Gravity? p. 59
3.3 Summary p. 66
Part II Dynamics, The Fundamentals of Motion
Chapter 4 Measures of Motion p. 71
4.1 Biothermal Concepts p. 73
4.2 Allometric Scaling p. 78
4.3 Classical Scaling p. 86
4.4 Summary p. 94
Chapter 5 Energy--The Source of It All p. 97
5.1 Feynman's Energy Allegory p. 99
5.2 Scales in Opposition p. 109
5.3 Muscle p. 113
5.4 Summary p. 126
Chapter 6 Linear Physics p. 129
6.1 Linear Response p. 130
6.2 Dimensional Analysis of Vectors p. 140
6.3 Summary p. 148
Chapter 7 Biomechanics 1--Rectilinear Motion p. 149
7.1 Mechanical Forces p. 150
7.2 Center of Mass p. 157
7.3 Summary p. 164
Chapter 8 Biomechanics 2--Rotational Motion p. 167
8.1 Rotational Acceleration p. 168
8.2 Link-Segment Model p. 181
8.3 Summary p. 186
Part III Fields--How Complex Systems Move
Chapter 9 Bioelectricity--Signals in the Body p. 193
9.1 Electrical Signals p. 195
9.2 Electrical Work and Power p. 211
9.3 Summary p. 225
Chapter 10 Molecules and Metabolism--Unseen Causes p. 229
10.1 Molecular Theory of Gases p. 230
10.2 Work and Heat p. 248
10.3 Summary p. 256
Chapter 11 Bioenergetics--The Dynamics of Heat p. 259
11.1 Heat and Temperature p. 260
11.2 The Laws of Thermodynamics p. 264
11.3 Metabolism p. 277
11.4 Summary p. 282
Chapter 12 Fluids at Rest p. 283
12.1 When Mechanics is Not Enough p. 286
12.2 The Law of Laplace p. 298
12.3 Summary p. 300
Chapter 13 Fluids in Motion p. 303
13.1 Hydrodynamics p. 304
13.2 Locomotion in Fluids p. 324
13.3 Summary p. 329
Part IV Data Analysis--What We Can Learn from Measurements
Chapter 14 Biostatistics 1--When Things Converge p. 337
14.1 Uncertainty and Prediction p. 338
14.2 Error Analysis p. 340
14.3 Central Moments p. 348
14.4 Correlation Coefficients and Functions p. 357
14.5 Summary p. 361
Chapter 15 Biostatistics 2--When Things Diverge p. 363
15.1 Other Than Gaussian p. 363
15.2 When Central Moments Diverge p. 368
15.3 The Fano Factor p. 374
15.4 Allometric Scaling and Taylor's Law p. 378
15.5 Summary p. 381
Chapter 16 Biodynamic Time Series 1--Stride Rate Variability p. 383
16.1 Interstride Interval Data p. 384
16.2 Getting the SRV Data p. 386
16.3 Interpretation of Results p. 391
16.4 Summary p. 395
Chapter 17 Biodynamic Time Series 2--Heart Rate Variability p. 397
17.1 Heartbeats p. 398
17.2 Getting the HRV Data p. 402
17.3 Processing Using Allometric Scaling p. 403
17.4 Summary p. 407
Chapter 18 Biodynamic Time Series 3--Breathing Rate Variability p. 409
18.1 The Architecture of the Human Lung p. 410
18.2 Getting the BRV Data p. 415
18.3 Processing Using Allometric Scaling p. 419
18.4 Summary p. 420
Epilogue p. 423
Part V Microbiographies--The Scientists Who Made History p. 425
References p. 433
Index p. 439
Part I Introduction to Science
Chapter 1 Ways of Knowing p. 3
1.1 Human Locomotion in Perspective p. 4
1.2 What Is Biodynamics? p. 7
1.3 Kinds of Knowing p. 12
1.4 Summary p. 25
Chapter 2 Ways of Thinking p. 27
2.1 What are Dimensions? p. 28
2.2 Method of Dimensions p. 38
2.3 Some Interpretation p. 46
2.4 Summary p. 49
Chapter 3 Mechanics--A First Look p. 51
3.1 Some History p. 52
3.2 So This Is Gravity? p. 59
3.3 Summary p. 66
Part II Dynamics, The Fundamentals of Motion
Chapter 4 Measures of Motion p. 71
4.1 Biothermal Concepts p. 73
4.2 Allometric Scaling p. 78
4.3 Classical Scaling p. 86
4.4 Summary p. 94
Chapter 5 Energy--The Source of It All p. 97
5.1 Feynman's Energy Allegory p. 99
5.2 Scales in Opposition p. 109
5.3 Muscle p. 113
5.4 Summary p. 126
Chapter 6 Linear Physics p. 129
6.1 Linear Response p. 130
6.2 Dimensional Analysis of Vectors p. 140
6.3 Summary p. 148
Chapter 7 Biomechanics 1--Rectilinear Motion p. 149
7.1 Mechanical Forces p. 150
7.2 Center of Mass p. 157
7.3 Summary p. 164
Chapter 8 Biomechanics 2--Rotational Motion p. 167
8.1 Rotational Acceleration p. 168
8.2 Link-Segment Model p. 181
8.3 Summary p. 186
Part III Fields--How Complex Systems Move
Chapter 9 Bioelectricity--Signals in the Body p. 193
9.1 Electrical Signals p. 195
9.2 Electrical Work and Power p. 211
9.3 Summary p. 225
Chapter 10 Molecules and Metabolism--Unseen Causes p. 229
10.1 Molecular Theory of Gases p. 230
10.2 Work and Heat p. 248
10.3 Summary p. 256
Chapter 11 Bioenergetics--The Dynamics of Heat p. 259
11.1 Heat and Temperature p. 260
11.2 The Laws of Thermodynamics p. 264
11.3 Metabolism p. 277
11.4 Summary p. 282
Chapter 12 Fluids at Rest p. 283
12.1 When Mechanics is Not Enough p. 286
12.2 The Law of Laplace p. 298
12.3 Summary p. 300
Chapter 13 Fluids in Motion p. 303
13.1 Hydrodynamics p. 304
13.2 Locomotion in Fluids p. 324
13.3 Summary p. 329
Part IV Data Analysis--What We Can Learn from Measurements
Chapter 14 Biostatistics 1--When Things Converge p. 337
14.1 Uncertainty and Prediction p. 338
14.2 Error Analysis p. 340
14.3 Central Moments p. 348
14.4 Correlation Coefficients and Functions p. 357
14.5 Summary p. 361
Chapter 15 Biostatistics 2--When Things Diverge p. 363
15.1 Other Than Gaussian p. 363
15.2 When Central Moments Diverge p. 368
15.3 The Fano Factor p. 374
15.4 Allometric Scaling and Taylor's Law p. 378
15.5 Summary p. 381
Chapter 16 Biodynamic Time Series 1--Stride Rate Variability p. 383
16.1 Interstride Interval Data p. 384
16.2 Getting the SRV Data p. 386
16.3 Interpretation of Results p. 391
16.4 Summary p. 395
Chapter 17 Biodynamic Time Series 2--Heart Rate Variability p. 397
17.1 Heartbeats p. 398
17.2 Getting the HRV Data p. 402
17.3 Processing Using Allometric Scaling p. 403
17.4 Summary p. 407
Chapter 18 Biodynamic Time Series 3--Breathing Rate Variability p. 409
18.1 The Architecture of the Human Lung p. 410
18.2 Getting the BRV Data p. 415
18.3 Processing Using Allometric Scaling p. 419
18.4 Summary p. 420
Epilogue p. 423
Part V Microbiographies--The Scientists Who Made History p. 425
References p. 433
Index p. 439
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