Perceptions in litigation and mediation : lawyers, defendants, plaintiffs, and gendered parties /
副标题：无
作 者：Tamara Relis.
分类号：
ISBN：9780521517317
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简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
Grounded in interpretive theory and offering interdisciplinary insights from sociological, psychological, and gender studies, this book addresses the question - How do professional, lay, and gendered actors understand and experience case processing in litigation and mediation? Drawing on data from 131 interviews, questionnaires, and observations of plaintiffs, defendants, lawyers, and mediators involved in 64 fatality and medical injury cases, the book challenges dominant understandings of how formal legal processes and dispute resolution work in practice as well as the notion that disputants and their representatives broadly understand and want the same things during case processing. In juxtaposing actors' discourse on all sides of ongoing cases on issues such as expectations, needs, comprehensions of what plaintiffs seek from the legal system, objectives for resolving conflict at mediation, and perceptions of what occurs during attempts at case resolution, the findings reveal inherent problems with the core workings of the legal system. By providing in-depth views on the micro-elements of case processing, the book uncovers important issues about formal and informal justice, the inextricability of disputants' legal and often overriding extra-legal needs, and current paradigms relating to professional, lay, and gendered identities.
This book is unique in examining and understanding the workings of the legal system through juxtaposing lawyers', plaintiffs', defendants' and mediators' perceptions of litigation and mediation in ongoing litigated cases. This has not been done before, as access difficulties are immeasurable * The book adds to the paucity of in-depth empirical data from plaintiffs and defendants themselves on their motivations, perceptions and extra-legal agendas during litigation and mediation. The findings additionally offer insight into how female and male lawyers practice law, and how female and male plaintiffs and defendants experience legal processes.
Publisher Summary 2
The book compares the different perceptions of legal disputes during litigation and mediation processes.
目录
Abstract 9
Contents 11
List of tables 15
List of figures 17
List of abbreviations 19
Acknowledgments 21
CHAPTER ONE Introduction 23
1.1 Book structure 27
1.2 Findings and recurrent themes 30
Parallel worlds\u2019 theme findings 31
Contribution to the literature debates 35
Lawyering theory and the formal versus informal justice debates 35
Why plaintiffs sue and dispute transformation debates 37
Lawyers\u2019 reconceptualization theme findings 39
Contribution to the ADR debates 41
Gender theme findings 44
Contribution to the gender debates 45
1.3 Methodology 48
Respondent demographics 50
Research sites 51
CHAPTER TWO Great misconceptions or disparate perceptions of plaintiffs\u2019 litigation aims? 55
2.1 Lawyers\u2019 comprehensions of plaintiffs\u2019 litigation aims \u2013 group differences 58
Hospital lawyers: It\u2019s mostly about money 60
Plaintiff lawyers: It\u2019s mostly about money, but also other issues 61
2.2 Plaintiffs: \u201cIt\u2019s not about the money! It\u2019s about principles\u201d 64
2.3 Case studies: Parallel worlds of understanding the meaning of litigated cases 68
Child operation case 68
Fatality case relating to a disputed \u201cdo not resuscitate (\u2018DNR\u2019) order\u201d 69
Loss-of-sight case 71
Bladder operation case 72
2.4 System conditioning, dispute transformation, and principles intermeshed with money 73
2.5 Gender differentiations 80
Female lawyers\u2019 extralegal sensitivity 80
Female plaintiffs\u2019 compensatory unease 82
2.6 Chapter conclusion 83
CHAPTER THREE The voluntary versus mandatory mediation divide 87
3.1 Lawyers\u2019 world \u2013 mandatory versus voluntary mediation divide 90
Negative lawyer attitudes 94
Underlying meaning of lawyers\u2019 mandatory \u2013 voluntary mediation preferences 97
3.2 Parties\u2019 world \u2013 no mandatory versus voluntary divide 99
Just a stage in the litigation process 99
Same positive attitudes \u2013 same eagerness 100
Same overall understandings, expectations, intentions, and needs 101
3.3 Chapter conclusion 104
CHAPTER FOUR Consequences of power: Legal actors versus disputants on defendants\u2019 attendance at mediation 108
4.1 The attendance arbiters 110
Lawyers\u2019 experiences with defendants at mediation 111
4.2 Professionals\u2019 reasoning on defendants\u2019 attendance 113
Physician lawyers 116
Hospital lawyers 118
Plaintiff lawyers 119
Analysis of lawyers\u2019 views 121
Mediators 123
4.3 Facing opponents: Disputants ascribe common meaning to case resolution 126
Defending doctors\u2019 views on attending mediation 127
\u201cReal\u201d mediation could not occur without defendants 128
Mediation is \u201chuman communication\u201d and \u201cfeeling better\u201d 129
Plaintiffs on defendants\u2019 mediation attendance 131
Mediations with defendants present 132
Mediations without defendants 136
4.4 Gender disparities 141
Professionals\u2019 gender disparities 141
Parties\u2019 gender disparities 142
Female plaintiffs 142
Female defendants 145
4.5 Chapter conclusion 147
CHAPTER FIVE Actors\u2019 mediation objectives: How lawyers versus parties plan to resolve their cases short of trial 151
5.1 Legal actors\u2019 mediation objectives 153
Physician lawyers 154
Hospital lawyers 156
Plaintiff lawyers 157
Reconceptualization 159
Lawyers\u2019 gender divisions 161
5.2 Disputants\u2019 mediation aims 163
Plaintiffs\u2019 mediation aims 164
Fatality \u2013 DNR dispute \u2013 mandatorymediation \u2013 defendant present 165
Vasectomy case \u2013 mandatorymediation \u2013 defendant absent 166
Plaintiffs\u2019 gender differences 167
Defendant physicians\u2019 mediation objectives 171
5.3 The confidentiality premise 172
5.4 Chapter conclusion 175
CHAPTER SIX Perceptions during mediations 178
6.1 Mediation\u2019s contextual worlds: Confrontations and representations 180
Legal actors\u2019 confrontations 180
Conflicts between legal and lay actors 181
Representations 183
Surface findings 185
6.2 Favored and disfavored mediation elements \u2013 legal actors 187
Favored elements 187
Direct tactical communication 187
Obtaining strategic insight 189
Objectionables 193
6.3 Favored and disfavored mediation elements \u2013 disputants 194
Favored elements 195
Objectionables 198
The focus on money 200
Defense lawyers\u2019 nonverbal communication 202
6.4 Gender disparities 203
Legal actors 203
Plaintiffs 206
6.5 Chapter conclusion 215
CHAPTER SEVEN Parallel views on mediators and styles 219
7.1 Contextual realities and surface findings 221
7.2 The legal evaluative world on style 226
The importance of background 227
The significance of style 229
7.3 The extralegal facilitative world on style 234
7.4 Gendered mediator experiences 239
Overpowered female facilitative mediators 239
Mediators and female plaintiffs 242
7.5 Chapter conclusion 245
CHAPTER EIGHT Conclusion: The parallel understandings and perceptions in case processing and mediation 248
8.1 Parallel lay versus legal worlds of understanding and meaning in case processing and mediation 250
Litigation aims and mediation objectives 251
Mandatory versus voluntary mediations 252
Defendants\u2019 attendance and the meaning of mediation 253
Mediation perceptions and assessments 253
Mediators and their styles 254
8.2 The reconceptualization of legal actors 256
The literature 258
8.3 Parallel worlds\u2019 findings \u2013 macro-meanings 260
The formal versus informal justice debates 262
The role of the legal system 263
The role of lawyers 264
The complicity of the adversary system 265
Lawyers\u2019 psyches and legal education 266
8.4 Gendered parallel worlds 267
Extralegal sensitivity of female lawyers 267
Disempowered female plaintiffs 270
8.5 Practical application of the findings 274
8.6 Recommendations for future research 276
Bibliography 279
Index 303
Contents 11
List of tables 15
List of figures 17
List of abbreviations 19
Acknowledgments 21
CHAPTER ONE Introduction 23
1.1 Book structure 27
1.2 Findings and recurrent themes 30
Parallel worlds\u2019 theme findings 31
Contribution to the literature debates 35
Lawyering theory and the formal versus informal justice debates 35
Why plaintiffs sue and dispute transformation debates 37
Lawyers\u2019 reconceptualization theme findings 39
Contribution to the ADR debates 41
Gender theme findings 44
Contribution to the gender debates 45
1.3 Methodology 48
Respondent demographics 50
Research sites 51
CHAPTER TWO Great misconceptions or disparate perceptions of plaintiffs\u2019 litigation aims? 55
2.1 Lawyers\u2019 comprehensions of plaintiffs\u2019 litigation aims \u2013 group differences 58
Hospital lawyers: It\u2019s mostly about money 60
Plaintiff lawyers: It\u2019s mostly about money, but also other issues 61
2.2 Plaintiffs: \u201cIt\u2019s not about the money! It\u2019s about principles\u201d 64
2.3 Case studies: Parallel worlds of understanding the meaning of litigated cases 68
Child operation case 68
Fatality case relating to a disputed \u201cdo not resuscitate (\u2018DNR\u2019) order\u201d 69
Loss-of-sight case 71
Bladder operation case 72
2.4 System conditioning, dispute transformation, and principles intermeshed with money 73
2.5 Gender differentiations 80
Female lawyers\u2019 extralegal sensitivity 80
Female plaintiffs\u2019 compensatory unease 82
2.6 Chapter conclusion 83
CHAPTER THREE The voluntary versus mandatory mediation divide 87
3.1 Lawyers\u2019 world \u2013 mandatory versus voluntary mediation divide 90
Negative lawyer attitudes 94
Underlying meaning of lawyers\u2019 mandatory \u2013 voluntary mediation preferences 97
3.2 Parties\u2019 world \u2013 no mandatory versus voluntary divide 99
Just a stage in the litigation process 99
Same positive attitudes \u2013 same eagerness 100
Same overall understandings, expectations, intentions, and needs 101
3.3 Chapter conclusion 104
CHAPTER FOUR Consequences of power: Legal actors versus disputants on defendants\u2019 attendance at mediation 108
4.1 The attendance arbiters 110
Lawyers\u2019 experiences with defendants at mediation 111
4.2 Professionals\u2019 reasoning on defendants\u2019 attendance 113
Physician lawyers 116
Hospital lawyers 118
Plaintiff lawyers 119
Analysis of lawyers\u2019 views 121
Mediators 123
4.3 Facing opponents: Disputants ascribe common meaning to case resolution 126
Defending doctors\u2019 views on attending mediation 127
\u201cReal\u201d mediation could not occur without defendants 128
Mediation is \u201chuman communication\u201d and \u201cfeeling better\u201d 129
Plaintiffs on defendants\u2019 mediation attendance 131
Mediations with defendants present 132
Mediations without defendants 136
4.4 Gender disparities 141
Professionals\u2019 gender disparities 141
Parties\u2019 gender disparities 142
Female plaintiffs 142
Female defendants 145
4.5 Chapter conclusion 147
CHAPTER FIVE Actors\u2019 mediation objectives: How lawyers versus parties plan to resolve their cases short of trial 151
5.1 Legal actors\u2019 mediation objectives 153
Physician lawyers 154
Hospital lawyers 156
Plaintiff lawyers 157
Reconceptualization 159
Lawyers\u2019 gender divisions 161
5.2 Disputants\u2019 mediation aims 163
Plaintiffs\u2019 mediation aims 164
Fatality \u2013 DNR dispute \u2013 mandatorymediation \u2013 defendant present 165
Vasectomy case \u2013 mandatorymediation \u2013 defendant absent 166
Plaintiffs\u2019 gender differences 167
Defendant physicians\u2019 mediation objectives 171
5.3 The confidentiality premise 172
5.4 Chapter conclusion 175
CHAPTER SIX Perceptions during mediations 178
6.1 Mediation\u2019s contextual worlds: Confrontations and representations 180
Legal actors\u2019 confrontations 180
Conflicts between legal and lay actors 181
Representations 183
Surface findings 185
6.2 Favored and disfavored mediation elements \u2013 legal actors 187
Favored elements 187
Direct tactical communication 187
Obtaining strategic insight 189
Objectionables 193
6.3 Favored and disfavored mediation elements \u2013 disputants 194
Favored elements 195
Objectionables 198
The focus on money 200
Defense lawyers\u2019 nonverbal communication 202
6.4 Gender disparities 203
Legal actors 203
Plaintiffs 206
6.5 Chapter conclusion 215
CHAPTER SEVEN Parallel views on mediators and styles 219
7.1 Contextual realities and surface findings 221
7.2 The legal evaluative world on style 226
The importance of background 227
The significance of style 229
7.3 The extralegal facilitative world on style 234
7.4 Gendered mediator experiences 239
Overpowered female facilitative mediators 239
Mediators and female plaintiffs 242
7.5 Chapter conclusion 245
CHAPTER EIGHT Conclusion: The parallel understandings and perceptions in case processing and mediation 248
8.1 Parallel lay versus legal worlds of understanding and meaning in case processing and mediation 250
Litigation aims and mediation objectives 251
Mandatory versus voluntary mediations 252
Defendants\u2019 attendance and the meaning of mediation 253
Mediation perceptions and assessments 253
Mediators and their styles 254
8.2 The reconceptualization of legal actors 256
The literature 258
8.3 Parallel worlds\u2019 findings \u2013 macro-meanings 260
The formal versus informal justice debates 262
The role of the legal system 263
The role of lawyers 264
The complicity of the adversary system 265
Lawyers\u2019 psyches and legal education 266
8.4 Gendered parallel worlds 267
Extralegal sensitivity of female lawyers 267
Disempowered female plaintiffs 270
8.5 Practical application of the findings 274
8.6 Recommendations for future research 276
Bibliography 279
Index 303
Perceptions in litigation and mediation : lawyers, defendants, plaintiffs, and gendered parties /
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