简介
In a work of unusual ambition and rigorous comparison, Roberto Romani considers the concept of 'national character聮 in the intellectual histories of Britain and France. Perceptions of collective mentalities influenced a variety of political and economic debates, ranging from anti-absolutist polemic in eighteenth-century France to appraisals of socialism in Edwardian Britain. Romani argues that the eighteenth-century notion of 'national character聮, with its stress on climate and government, evolved into a concern with the virtues of 'public spirit聮 irrespective of national traits, in parallel with the establishment of representative institutions on the Continent. His discussion of contemporary thinkers includes Montesquieu, Voltaire, Hume, Millar, Burke, Constant, de Sta毛l and Tocqueville. After the mid-nineteenth century, the advent of social scientific approaches, including those of Spencer, Hobson and Durkheim, shifted the focus from the qualities required by political liberty to those needed to operate complex social systems, and to bear its psychological pressures.
目录
Acknowledgments p. vii
Abbreviations p. viii
Introduction p. 1
France p. 18
All Montesquieu's Sons: the Place of Esprit G茅n茅ral, Caract猫re National, and M拢urs in French Political Philosophy, 1748-1789 p. 19
After the Revolution: Sta毛l on Political Morality p. 63
From Republicanism to Industrialism and National Character: Melchiorre Gioja, Charles Dupin, and Continental Political Economy, 1800-1848 p. 93
The French Restoration Dispute Over Mores and Tocqueville p. 122
Great Britain p. 158
Between Whiggism and the Science of Manners: Britain, 1750-1800 p. 159
British Views on Irish National Character, 1800-1846 p. 201
1850-1914 p. 230
The Demise of John Bull: Social Sciences in Britain, 1850-1914 p. 231
Durkheim's Collective Representations and Their Background p. 271
Socializing Public Spirit, 1870-1914 p. 305
Conclusion p. 335
Index p. 344
Abbreviations p. viii
Introduction p. 1
France p. 18
All Montesquieu's Sons: the Place of Esprit G茅n茅ral, Caract猫re National, and M拢urs in French Political Philosophy, 1748-1789 p. 19
After the Revolution: Sta毛l on Political Morality p. 63
From Republicanism to Industrialism and National Character: Melchiorre Gioja, Charles Dupin, and Continental Political Economy, 1800-1848 p. 93
The French Restoration Dispute Over Mores and Tocqueville p. 122
Great Britain p. 158
Between Whiggism and the Science of Manners: Britain, 1750-1800 p. 159
British Views on Irish National Character, 1800-1846 p. 201
1850-1914 p. 230
The Demise of John Bull: Social Sciences in Britain, 1850-1914 p. 231
Durkheim's Collective Representations and Their Background p. 271
Socializing Public Spirit, 1870-1914 p. 305
Conclusion p. 335
Index p. 344
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