Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
List of Examples
Remote Sensing: Basic Principles
Introduction
Electromagnetic radiation and its properties
Terminology
Nature of electromagnetic radiation
The electromagnetic spectrum
Sources of electromagnetic radiation
Interactions with the Earth's atmosphere
Interaction with Earth-surface materials
Introduction
Spectral reflectance of Earth surface materials
Summary
Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors
Introduction
Characteristics of imaging remote sensing instruments
Spatial resolution
Spectral resolution
Radiometric resolution
Optical, near-infrared and thermal imaging sensors
Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR
MODIS MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
Ocean observing instruments
IRS-1 LISS
Landsat Instruments
SPOT sensors
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER
High-resolution commercial and micro-satellite systems
Microwave imaging sensors
ERS SAR
RADARSAT
Summary
Hardware and Software Aspects of Digital Image Processing
Introduction
Properties of digital remote sensing data
Digital data
Data formats
System processing
MIPS software
Installing MIPS
Using MIPS
Summary of MIPS functions
Summary
Pre-processing of Remotely Sensed Data
Introduction
Cosmetic operations
Missing scan lines
De-striping methods
Geometric correction and registration
Orbital geometry model
Transformation based on ground control points
Resampling procedures
Image registration
Other geometric correction methods
Atmospheric correction
Background
Image-based methods
Radiative transfer models
Empirical line method
Illumination and view angle effects
Sensor calibration
Terrain effects
Summary
Image Enhancement Techniques
Introduction
Human visual system
Contrast enhancement
Linear contrast stretch
Histogram equalisation
Gaussian Stretch
Pseudocolour enhancement
Density slicing
Pseudocolour transform
Summary
Image Transforms
Introduction
Arithmetic operations
Image addition
Image subtraction
Image multiplication
Image division and vegetation Indices
Empirically based image transforms
Perpendicular Vegetation Index
Tasselled Cap (Kauth-Thomas) transformation
Principal Components Analysis
Standard Principal Components Analysis
Noise-adjusted Principal Components Analysis
Decorrelation stretch
Hue, Saturation and Intensity (HIS) transform
The Discrete Fourier Transform
Introduction
Two-dimensional DFT
Applications of the DFT
The Discrete Wavelet Transform
Introduction
The one-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform
The two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform
Summary
Filtering Techniques
Introduction
Spatial domain low-pass (smoothing) filters
Moving average filter
Median filter
Adaptive filters
Spatial domain high-pass (sharpening) filters
Image subtraction method
Derivative-based methods
Spatial domain edge detectors
Frequency domain filters
Summary
Classification
Introduction
Geometrical basis of classification
Unsupervised classification
The k-means algorithm
ISODATA
A modified k-means algorithm
Supervised classification
Training samples
Statistical classifiers
Neural Classifiers
Fuzzy classification and linear spectral unmixing
The linear mixture model
Fuzzy classifiers
Other approaches to image classification
Incorporation of non-spectral features
Texture
Use of external data
Contextual information
Feature selection
Classification accuracy
Summary
Advanced Topics
Introduction
SAR Interferometry
Basic principles
Interferometric processing
Problems in SAR interferometry
Applications of SAR interferometry
Imaging spectrometry
Introduction
Processing imaging spectrometer data
Lidar
Introduction
Lidar details
Lidar applications
Summary
Using the CD-ROM Image Data Sets
References
Index