简介
Sport Policy and Governance: Local Perspectives is the first detailed study of the politics of sport policy at the local authority level of governance. In focusing on the local level, the book recognises that the extent to which we benefit from public policy is a result of where we live. Taking the city of Liverpool as its core case study, the author investigates the changing contours of sport policy from the inception of the service area in the 1970s through the economic and political turbulence of the 1980s to the year of European Capital of Culture 2008. As the book gives centre stage to the period since 1997, the changing parameters of local sport policy are located within New Labour priorities around elite sport development and the instrumental uses of sport to deliver social policy goals.
Written in a clear and accessible style, this book:
. Traces the evolution of the relationship between central government policy priorities and local sport policy and practice.
. Provides a political analysis of sport policy that foregrounds competition between differing interests in a context of scarce resources.
. Explores relationships between local authority policy for sport and policy relating to education, health, land-use planning and community regeneration.
. Investigates the organisational and funding contexts in which sport policy actors formulate and implement policy
. Assesses the strategies utilised by sport policy actors in pursuing their interests.
. Theorises contemporary sport policy processes and establishes parameters for future research.
Sport Policy and Governance: Local Perspectives is essential reading for anyone who is studying or teaching sport-related degree programmes, researching public policy, or who is a practitioner or policy-maker in the sport sector.
Dr. Neil King is Senior Lecturer in Sport Development at Edge Hill University, UK. His research, teaching and curriculum development largely centres on public policy, governance and development for sport, recreation and physical activity. His other research interests include policy for education, health, land-use planning and the environment, youth justice, culture, and urban regeneration.
* The first text to highlight how local policy actors mediate national policy priorities
* Offers a fresh approach which directly links strategy with practice and smoothly blends theory with practice
* Includes detailed case studies on school sport policy, sport and health policy, sport and youth justice policy and sport and land-use planning policy
目录
Contents 8
List of Illustrations 12
Acknowledgements 14
Selected Abbreviations 16
Chapter 1 Introduction 19
Who is this Book for? 19
Rationale 20
Aim and Objectives 21
Focus 21
Structure 22
Overview of the Research Strategy 25
An Introduction to Sport in Liverpool 30
Part 1: Studying Sport Policy 33
Chapter 2 Sport Policy: Theory and Analysis 35
Characteristics of the Sport Policy Area 35
Towards a Framework for Understanding Sport Policy 36
Policy Studies: An Introduction 38
Neo-Pluralism 41
Theories of Urban Politics, Governance and Local Government 45
Meso-Level Approaches to Understanding Policy 49
Understanding Sport Policy at the Local Level: A Theoretical Approach 62
Part 2: Sport Policy in England 65
Chapter 3 The Evolution of National Sport Policy 67
Introduction 68
The Evolution of Sport Policy: 1970\u20132008 68
Political Ideologies and Rationales Underpinning Sport Policy 80
The Representation, Organisation and Administration of Sport 83
Conclusions 95
Part 3: Sport Policy in Liverpool 97
Chapter 4 The Policy Context in Liverpool 99
Introduction 99
Socio-Economic Context 99
Political Context 101
Organisational Context 104
The Funding Context 108
Chapter 5 The Evolution of Sport Policy in Liverpool 117
The 1970s 118
The 1980s 119
The 1990s 121
2000\u20132008 123
Future Directions: The Sport and Recreation Strategy for 2008\u20132012 126
Conclusion 129
Part 4: Local Case Studies 131
Chapter 6 Sports Development 133
Boxing 134
Swimming 140
Gymnastics 147
Road Running 151
Cricket 155
Conclusions 159
Chapter 7 School Sport 161
Introduction 161
The Evolution of School Sport Policy 162
Analysis: The National Context 166
School Sport Policy in Liverpool 168
Analysis: The Local Context 172
Conclusions 177
Chapter 8 Sport, Physical Activity and Health Policy 180
Introduction 180
The Evolution of the Relationship Between Sport and Health Policy 181
Analysis: The National Context 192
Sport, Physical Activity and Health Policy in Liverpool 194
The Evolution of Sport and Health Policy 195
Analysis: The Local Context 202
Conclusions 205
Chapter 9 Sport, Land-Use Planning and Playing Fields Policy 208
Introduction 208
The Evolution of National Playing Fields Policy 209
Analysis: The National Context 221
Sport and Playing Fields Policy in Liverpool 223
The Evolution of Local Playing Fields Policy 224
Analysis: The Local Context 229
Conclusions 230
Chapter 10 Sport and Community Regeneration 235
Introduction 235
Liverpool Sport Action Zone 236
Programmes and Projects 238
Analysis 242
Part 5: Discussion 245
Chapter 11 Analysing Sport Policy in Liverpool 247
Introduction 247
Dimensions of Sport Policy in Liverpool 248
Sport policy: An Analysis of Governance 255
Conclusions 261
Chapter 12 Theorising Sport Policy at the Local Level 263
Introduction 263
Frameworks, Theories and Models 264
Macro-Level Theory 266
Meso-Level Theory 267
Conclusions 277
Areas for Future Research 278
References 281
Index 309
A 309
B 309
C 309
D 310
E 310
F 310
G 310
H 310
I 311
J 311
K 311
L 311
M 312
N 312
O 312
P 312
R 313
S 313
T 314
U 314
V 314
W 314
Y 315
List of Illustrations 12
Acknowledgements 14
Selected Abbreviations 16
Chapter 1 Introduction 19
Who is this Book for? 19
Rationale 20
Aim and Objectives 21
Focus 21
Structure 22
Overview of the Research Strategy 25
An Introduction to Sport in Liverpool 30
Part 1: Studying Sport Policy 33
Chapter 2 Sport Policy: Theory and Analysis 35
Characteristics of the Sport Policy Area 35
Towards a Framework for Understanding Sport Policy 36
Policy Studies: An Introduction 38
Neo-Pluralism 41
Theories of Urban Politics, Governance and Local Government 45
Meso-Level Approaches to Understanding Policy 49
Understanding Sport Policy at the Local Level: A Theoretical Approach 62
Part 2: Sport Policy in England 65
Chapter 3 The Evolution of National Sport Policy 67
Introduction 68
The Evolution of Sport Policy: 1970\u20132008 68
Political Ideologies and Rationales Underpinning Sport Policy 80
The Representation, Organisation and Administration of Sport 83
Conclusions 95
Part 3: Sport Policy in Liverpool 97
Chapter 4 The Policy Context in Liverpool 99
Introduction 99
Socio-Economic Context 99
Political Context 101
Organisational Context 104
The Funding Context 108
Chapter 5 The Evolution of Sport Policy in Liverpool 117
The 1970s 118
The 1980s 119
The 1990s 121
2000\u20132008 123
Future Directions: The Sport and Recreation Strategy for 2008\u20132012 126
Conclusion 129
Part 4: Local Case Studies 131
Chapter 6 Sports Development 133
Boxing 134
Swimming 140
Gymnastics 147
Road Running 151
Cricket 155
Conclusions 159
Chapter 7 School Sport 161
Introduction 161
The Evolution of School Sport Policy 162
Analysis: The National Context 166
School Sport Policy in Liverpool 168
Analysis: The Local Context 172
Conclusions 177
Chapter 8 Sport, Physical Activity and Health Policy 180
Introduction 180
The Evolution of the Relationship Between Sport and Health Policy 181
Analysis: The National Context 192
Sport, Physical Activity and Health Policy in Liverpool 194
The Evolution of Sport and Health Policy 195
Analysis: The Local Context 202
Conclusions 205
Chapter 9 Sport, Land-Use Planning and Playing Fields Policy 208
Introduction 208
The Evolution of National Playing Fields Policy 209
Analysis: The National Context 221
Sport and Playing Fields Policy in Liverpool 223
The Evolution of Local Playing Fields Policy 224
Analysis: The Local Context 229
Conclusions 230
Chapter 10 Sport and Community Regeneration 235
Introduction 235
Liverpool Sport Action Zone 236
Programmes and Projects 238
Analysis 242
Part 5: Discussion 245
Chapter 11 Analysing Sport Policy in Liverpool 247
Introduction 247
Dimensions of Sport Policy in Liverpool 248
Sport policy: An Analysis of Governance 255
Conclusions 261
Chapter 12 Theorising Sport Policy at the Local Level 263
Introduction 263
Frameworks, Theories and Models 264
Macro-Level Theory 266
Meso-Level Theory 267
Conclusions 277
Areas for Future Research 278
References 281
Index 309
A 309
B 309
C 309
D 310
E 310
F 310
G 310
H 310
I 311
J 311
K 311
L 311
M 312
N 312
O 312
P 312
R 313
S 313
T 314
U 314
V 314
W 314
Y 315
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