简介
This is a thoroughly revised and updated edition of an authoritative introduction to ecological modelling. Sven Erik Jørgensen, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Ecological Modelling, and Giuseppe Bendoricchio, Professorof Environmental Modelling at the University of Padova, Italy, offer compelling insights into the subject. This volume explains the concepts and processes involved in ecological modelling, presents the latest developments in the field and provides readers with the tools to constructtheir own models.
The Third Edition features: • A detailed discussion and step-by-step outline of the modelling procedure. • An account of different model types including overview tables, examples and illustrations. • A comprehensive presentation of the submodels and unit processes used in modelling. • In-depth descriptions of the latest modelling techniques. • Structured exercises at the end of each chapter. • Three mathematical appendices and a subject index.
This practical and proven book very effectively combinesthe theory, methodology and applications of ecological modelling. The new edition is an essential, up-to-date guide to a rapidly growing field.
目录
Preface, Third Edition
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Physical and mathematical models
Models as a management tool
Models as a scientific tool
Models and holism
The ecosystem as an object for research
Outline of the book
The development of ecological and environmental models
State of the art in the application of models
2 Concepts of Modelling
Introduction
Modelling elements
The modelling procedure
Types of model
Selection of the model type
Selection of model complexity and structure
Verification
Sensitivity analysis
Parameter estimation
Validation
Ecological modelling and quantum theory
Modelling constraints
Problems
3 Ecological Processes
Space and time resolution
Mass transport
Mass balance
Energetic factors
Settling and resuspension
Chemical reactions
Chemical equilibrium
Hydrolysis
Redox
Acid-Base
Adsorption and ion exchange
Volatilization
Biogeochemical cycles in aquatic environments
Photosynthesis
Algal growth
Zooplankton growth
Fish growth
Single population growth
Ecotoxicological processes
Problems
4 Conceptual Models
Introduction
Application of conceptual diagrams
Types of conceptual diagrams
The conceptual diagram as modelling tool
Problems
5 Static Models
Introduction
Network models
Network analysis
ECOPATH software
Response models
6 Modelling Population Dynamics
Introduction
Basic concepts
Growth models in population dynamics
Interaction between populations
Matrix models
Problems
7 Dynamic Biogeochemical Models
Introduction
Application of dynamic models
Eutrophication models I: Overview and two simple eutrophication models
Eutrophication models II: A complex eutrophication model
A wetland model
Problems
8 Ecotoxicological Models
Classification and application of ecotoxicological models
Environmental risk assessment
Characteristics and structure of ecotoxicological models
An overview: The application of models in ecotoxicology
Estimation of ecotoxicological parameters
Ecotoxicological case study I: Modelling the distribution of chromium in a Danish fjord
Ecotoxicological case study II: Contamination of agricultural products by cadmium and lead
Ecotoxicological case study III: A mercury model for Mex Bay, Alexandria
Fugacity fate models
Problems
9 Recent Developments in Ecological and Environmental Modelling
Introduction
Ecosystem characteristics
Structurally dynamic models
Four illustrative structurally dynamic case studies
Application of chaos theory in modelling
Application of catastrophe theory in ecological modelling
New approaches in modelling techniques
Problems
Appendix 1 Mathematical Tools
Vectors
Matrices
Square matrices, eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Differential equations
Systems of differential equations
Numerical methods
Appendix 2 Definition of Expressions, Concepts and Indices
Appendix 3 Parameters for Fugacity Models
References
Subject Index
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Physical and mathematical models
Models as a management tool
Models as a scientific tool
Models and holism
The ecosystem as an object for research
Outline of the book
The development of ecological and environmental models
State of the art in the application of models
2 Concepts of Modelling
Introduction
Modelling elements
The modelling procedure
Types of model
Selection of the model type
Selection of model complexity and structure
Verification
Sensitivity analysis
Parameter estimation
Validation
Ecological modelling and quantum theory
Modelling constraints
Problems
3 Ecological Processes
Space and time resolution
Mass transport
Mass balance
Energetic factors
Settling and resuspension
Chemical reactions
Chemical equilibrium
Hydrolysis
Redox
Acid-Base
Adsorption and ion exchange
Volatilization
Biogeochemical cycles in aquatic environments
Photosynthesis
Algal growth
Zooplankton growth
Fish growth
Single population growth
Ecotoxicological processes
Problems
4 Conceptual Models
Introduction
Application of conceptual diagrams
Types of conceptual diagrams
The conceptual diagram as modelling tool
Problems
5 Static Models
Introduction
Network models
Network analysis
ECOPATH software
Response models
6 Modelling Population Dynamics
Introduction
Basic concepts
Growth models in population dynamics
Interaction between populations
Matrix models
Problems
7 Dynamic Biogeochemical Models
Introduction
Application of dynamic models
Eutrophication models I: Overview and two simple eutrophication models
Eutrophication models II: A complex eutrophication model
A wetland model
Problems
8 Ecotoxicological Models
Classification and application of ecotoxicological models
Environmental risk assessment
Characteristics and structure of ecotoxicological models
An overview: The application of models in ecotoxicology
Estimation of ecotoxicological parameters
Ecotoxicological case study I: Modelling the distribution of chromium in a Danish fjord
Ecotoxicological case study II: Contamination of agricultural products by cadmium and lead
Ecotoxicological case study III: A mercury model for Mex Bay, Alexandria
Fugacity fate models
Problems
9 Recent Developments in Ecological and Environmental Modelling
Introduction
Ecosystem characteristics
Structurally dynamic models
Four illustrative structurally dynamic case studies
Application of chaos theory in modelling
Application of catastrophe theory in ecological modelling
New approaches in modelling techniques
Problems
Appendix 1 Mathematical Tools
Vectors
Matrices
Square matrices, eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Differential equations
Systems of differential equations
Numerical methods
Appendix 2 Definition of Expressions, Concepts and Indices
Appendix 3 Parameters for Fugacity Models
References
Subject Index
- 名称
- 类型
- 大小
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