Advances in Agronomy. Volume 84 /
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ISBN：9780120007820
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简介
Authors from five countries have participated in preparing ten review articles concerned with topics that include: mineral nutrition; the effects of environmental factors on the genetic variation in root systems; positive and negative effects of soil and fertilizer phosphorus on the terrestrial environment; cereal-legume intercropping systems; and the management of weeds using biotechnical methods. Alk. paper.
目录
Front Cover 1
Advanced in Agronomy 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 14
Chapter 1. State of The Art On Soil-Related Geo-Medical Issues In The World 16
I. Introduction 17
II. Current Trends in Soil-Related Studies Relevant to Human Health 18
III. The Soil-to-Man Chain in the Supply of Mineral Nutrients 21
IV. Geographical Dimension of Human Health Issues 24
V. Problems of Deficiency and Excess of Mineral Elements in Animal Nutrition 25
VI. Elements in Soil that may have Beneficial or Negative Effects on Human and Animal Health 26
VII. Geo-Medical Issues Related to Under-Nutrition and Malnutrition 41
VIII. Geo-Medical Issues and Contaminated Land Policies 42
IX. Conclusions 43
References 44
Chapter 2. Gaseous Emissions of Nitrogen From Grazed Pastures: Processes, Measurements and Modelling, Environmental Implications, and Mitigation 52
I. Introduction 53
II. Nitrogen Input in Grazed Pasture 55
III. Nitrogen Dynamics in Pasture Soils 63
IV. Gaseous Emission of Nitrogen from Grazed Pasture 68
V. Factors Affecting Gaseous Emission 82
VI. Measuring and Modelling Gaseous Emissions 91
VII. Environmental Implications of Gaseous Emissions 109
VIII. Management Practices to Control Gaseous Emission 113
IX. Conclusions and Future Research Needs 117
Acknowledgements 119
References 119
Chapter 3. Modeling Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation in Plants 136
I. Introduction 137
II. Empirical Models 139
III. Mechanistic Models 144
IV. Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation-A Modeling Perspective on the Main Processes and Phenomena Related to Uptake and Accumulation of Cadmium in Plants 148
V. Summary and Conclusion 159
References 162
Chapter 4. Variable charge Soils: Their Mineralogy, Chemistry and Management 174
I. Introduction 175
II. Mineralogy of Variable Charge Soils 176
III. The Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils 182
IV. The Management of Variable Charge Soils 208
Acknowledgements 217
Referances 218
Chapter 5. Undestanding and Reducing Lodging in Cereals 232
I. Introduction 233
II. Observations of Lodging 235
III. Effects of Lodging on Cereal Yield and Quality 240
IV. Mechanics of Lodging 243
V. Avoidance Through Crop Management 251
VI. Avoidance Through Plant Breeding 269
VII. Lodging-Proof Ideotype 272
VIII. Conclusions 276
Referances 278
Chapter 6. Altering Fatty Acid Composition in Oil Seed Crops 288
I. Soybean 289
II. Sunflower 298
III. Brassica 307
IV. Peanut 312
References 316
Index 322
Advanced in Agronomy 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 14
Chapter 1. State of The Art On Soil-Related Geo-Medical Issues In The World 16
I. Introduction 17
II. Current Trends in Soil-Related Studies Relevant to Human Health 18
III. The Soil-to-Man Chain in the Supply of Mineral Nutrients 21
IV. Geographical Dimension of Human Health Issues 24
V. Problems of Deficiency and Excess of Mineral Elements in Animal Nutrition 25
VI. Elements in Soil that may have Beneficial or Negative Effects on Human and Animal Health 26
VII. Geo-Medical Issues Related to Under-Nutrition and Malnutrition 41
VIII. Geo-Medical Issues and Contaminated Land Policies 42
IX. Conclusions 43
References 44
Chapter 2. Gaseous Emissions of Nitrogen From Grazed Pastures: Processes, Measurements and Modelling, Environmental Implications, and Mitigation 52
I. Introduction 53
II. Nitrogen Input in Grazed Pasture 55
III. Nitrogen Dynamics in Pasture Soils 63
IV. Gaseous Emission of Nitrogen from Grazed Pasture 68
V. Factors Affecting Gaseous Emission 82
VI. Measuring and Modelling Gaseous Emissions 91
VII. Environmental Implications of Gaseous Emissions 109
VIII. Management Practices to Control Gaseous Emission 113
IX. Conclusions and Future Research Needs 117
Acknowledgements 119
References 119
Chapter 3. Modeling Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation in Plants 136
I. Introduction 137
II. Empirical Models 139
III. Mechanistic Models 144
IV. Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation-A Modeling Perspective on the Main Processes and Phenomena Related to Uptake and Accumulation of Cadmium in Plants 148
V. Summary and Conclusion 159
References 162
Chapter 4. Variable charge Soils: Their Mineralogy, Chemistry and Management 174
I. Introduction 175
II. Mineralogy of Variable Charge Soils 176
III. The Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils 182
IV. The Management of Variable Charge Soils 208
Acknowledgements 217
Referances 218
Chapter 5. Undestanding and Reducing Lodging in Cereals 232
I. Introduction 233
II. Observations of Lodging 235
III. Effects of Lodging on Cereal Yield and Quality 240
IV. Mechanics of Lodging 243
V. Avoidance Through Crop Management 251
VI. Avoidance Through Plant Breeding 269
VII. Lodging-Proof Ideotype 272
VIII. Conclusions 276
Referances 278
Chapter 6. Altering Fatty Acid Composition in Oil Seed Crops 288
I. Soybean 289
II. Sunflower 298
III. Brassica 307
IV. Peanut 312
References 316
Index 322
Advances in Agronomy. Volume 84 /
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