简介
Today "nation" is probably the strongest of all forms of group identity. Over and above its expression in symbols such as flags, leaders, and cultural icons, national identity also works at a less visible, more insidious level--in the forms of discourse specific to a nation. In this compelling study, Antony Easthope takes "Englishness" as an example and argues that this national identity is deeply informed by the empiricist tradition. He employs a wide array of examples from high and popular culture, ranging from philosophical and literary works through popular journalism and aspects of the English sense of humor.Englishness and National Cultureasserts a profound continuity running from the seventeenth century until now. Today's journalists, novelists and politicians may imagine they are speaking for themselves, yet Easthope demonstrates the "ancestral voices" speaking through them.
目录
Book Cover 1
Half-Title 2
Title 3
Copyright 4
Dedication 5
CONTENTS 7
FIGURES 8
PREFACE 9
Part I NATION 12
1 NATION, IDENTITY, DISCOURSE 14
Three difficulties in analysing nation 17
Nation as class dominance 17
Nation as \u2018imagined community\u2019 19
Nation as real versus nation as spirit 22
Identity 23
Collective identity 26
Identity and discourse 30
Identity unified or plural? 32
Language versus discourse 35
\u2018This sceptr\u2019d isle\u2019 and other questions 37
Nation beyond analysis? 39
Nation and the present writer 40
2 NATIONAL DESIRE 44
Historical definition of nation 48
Nation as state, nation as culture 53
Theorising nation as state, nation as culture 54
Heterogeneity in state and culture 57
Nationalism 60
Nation and modernity: T枚nnies, Gellner 61
Some identities of modernity 63
Identity as romantic self 63
Identity as reflected in art and nature 64
Sexual identity 65
Modernity and national desire 65
Part II THE ENGLISH TRADITION 70
3 EMPIRICISM IN ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY 72
Bacon 74
Hobbes, empiricism, and the English Enlightenment 77
Discourse, realism and pleasure in Hobbes 79
Locke\u2019s Englishness 83
Reality 85
Ideas and words 86
Subjectivity and morality 89
Locke\u2019s rhetoric 91
Rhetoric and class 93
Rhetoric and the body 93
Rhetoric between simple and complex 94
4 AN EMPIRICIST TRADITION 98
The great oppositions 99
Milton and morality 101
Three versions of empiricist discourse 104
1 The \u2018transparent\u2019 style 104
2(a) Classic irony 106
2(b) Irony in Pope, Rawnsley and Littlejohn 109
3 Romantic empiricist discourse 113
Alternatives: English silly discourse 118
Alternatives: satire 120
Terminal closure 123
Part III ENGLISHNESS TODAY 126
5 THE DISCOURSE OF LITERARY JOURNALISM 128
The English cultural situation today 128
Theory at the margin of criticism 129
Contemporary literary journalism 131
Reality 131
Language 133
The subject 136
And irony, of course\u2026 139
Empiricist content/empiricist style 140
Empiricist metaphor, empiricist tone? 142
6 THE DISCOURSE OF HISTORY-WRITING 146
The desire of the historian 146
Contemporary English history and \u2018postmodernism\u2019 147
The epistemological question 152
Historical facts and historical narrative 154
Romancing the stone 156
Narrative 156
The object 157
Means of representation 159
The denial of desire 160
History-writing and empiricism 162
7 ENGLISH TRAGEDY, ENGLISH COMEDY 164
English tragedy 164
The rhetoric of pathos 164
The last Englishman 165
Nineteen Eighty-Four 167
Realism and Modernism 168
The English sense of humour? 170
Beyond analysis? 171
Beyond a joke? 173
Small World 174
Empirical reality and materialist motivation 176
Contingency, the body, the other 176
Caricature and cartoon 180
The English tradition 181
Orwell, Donald McGill and English working-class humour 183
8 CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH POETRY 188
Modernism and empiricism 189
\u2018Adlestrop\u2019 and \u2018The Waste Land\u2019 190
Policing the borders 193
The 1930s 193
The Movement 193
Alvarez and the 1960s 194
Davie and Hardy 194
English High Anti-Modernism 195
Philip Larkin: \u2018The Whitsun Weddings\u2019 195
Ted Hughes: hawks real and symbolic 199
Seamus Heaney 204
In England now 208
9 NATION: IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE 212
Empiricism revisited 212
Discursive differences 212
Assessing empiricism 214
Exclusions 215
Modernism 215
Constitutional reform 216
Blindness and insight 217
Nation reconsidered 220
After nation? 220
The two sides of nation 222
The \u2018temporal\u2019 account 222
The \u2018spatial\u2019 account 223
Kristeva and \u2018Esprit g茅n茅ral\u2019 226
Nation on the dark side 228
Lacan, identity and aggression 230
沤i啪ek and \u2018the Thing\u2019 232
Nation and aggressivity 234
A lucid pessimism 235
England now 237
BIBLIOGRAPHY 242
INDEX 252
Half-Title 2
Title 3
Copyright 4
Dedication 5
CONTENTS 7
FIGURES 8
PREFACE 9
Part I NATION 12
1 NATION, IDENTITY, DISCOURSE 14
Three difficulties in analysing nation 17
Nation as class dominance 17
Nation as \u2018imagined community\u2019 19
Nation as real versus nation as spirit 22
Identity 23
Collective identity 26
Identity and discourse 30
Identity unified or plural? 32
Language versus discourse 35
\u2018This sceptr\u2019d isle\u2019 and other questions 37
Nation beyond analysis? 39
Nation and the present writer 40
2 NATIONAL DESIRE 44
Historical definition of nation 48
Nation as state, nation as culture 53
Theorising nation as state, nation as culture 54
Heterogeneity in state and culture 57
Nationalism 60
Nation and modernity: T枚nnies, Gellner 61
Some identities of modernity 63
Identity as romantic self 63
Identity as reflected in art and nature 64
Sexual identity 65
Modernity and national desire 65
Part II THE ENGLISH TRADITION 70
3 EMPIRICISM IN ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY 72
Bacon 74
Hobbes, empiricism, and the English Enlightenment 77
Discourse, realism and pleasure in Hobbes 79
Locke\u2019s Englishness 83
Reality 85
Ideas and words 86
Subjectivity and morality 89
Locke\u2019s rhetoric 91
Rhetoric and class 93
Rhetoric and the body 93
Rhetoric between simple and complex 94
4 AN EMPIRICIST TRADITION 98
The great oppositions 99
Milton and morality 101
Three versions of empiricist discourse 104
1 The \u2018transparent\u2019 style 104
2(a) Classic irony 106
2(b) Irony in Pope, Rawnsley and Littlejohn 109
3 Romantic empiricist discourse 113
Alternatives: English silly discourse 118
Alternatives: satire 120
Terminal closure 123
Part III ENGLISHNESS TODAY 126
5 THE DISCOURSE OF LITERARY JOURNALISM 128
The English cultural situation today 128
Theory at the margin of criticism 129
Contemporary literary journalism 131
Reality 131
Language 133
The subject 136
And irony, of course\u2026 139
Empiricist content/empiricist style 140
Empiricist metaphor, empiricist tone? 142
6 THE DISCOURSE OF HISTORY-WRITING 146
The desire of the historian 146
Contemporary English history and \u2018postmodernism\u2019 147
The epistemological question 152
Historical facts and historical narrative 154
Romancing the stone 156
Narrative 156
The object 157
Means of representation 159
The denial of desire 160
History-writing and empiricism 162
7 ENGLISH TRAGEDY, ENGLISH COMEDY 164
English tragedy 164
The rhetoric of pathos 164
The last Englishman 165
Nineteen Eighty-Four 167
Realism and Modernism 168
The English sense of humour? 170
Beyond analysis? 171
Beyond a joke? 173
Small World 174
Empirical reality and materialist motivation 176
Contingency, the body, the other 176
Caricature and cartoon 180
The English tradition 181
Orwell, Donald McGill and English working-class humour 183
8 CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH POETRY 188
Modernism and empiricism 189
\u2018Adlestrop\u2019 and \u2018The Waste Land\u2019 190
Policing the borders 193
The 1930s 193
The Movement 193
Alvarez and the 1960s 194
Davie and Hardy 194
English High Anti-Modernism 195
Philip Larkin: \u2018The Whitsun Weddings\u2019 195
Ted Hughes: hawks real and symbolic 199
Seamus Heaney 204
In England now 208
9 NATION: IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE 212
Empiricism revisited 212
Discursive differences 212
Assessing empiricism 214
Exclusions 215
Modernism 215
Constitutional reform 216
Blindness and insight 217
Nation reconsidered 220
After nation? 220
The two sides of nation 222
The \u2018temporal\u2019 account 222
The \u2018spatial\u2019 account 223
Kristeva and \u2018Esprit g茅n茅ral\u2019 226
Nation on the dark side 228
Lacan, identity and aggression 230
沤i啪ek and \u2018the Thing\u2019 232
Nation and aggressivity 234
A lucid pessimism 235
England now 237
BIBLIOGRAPHY 242
INDEX 252
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