Table Of Contents:
Chronological Table of Cases xi

Tables, Figures, and Boxes xiii
Preface xvii

I. THE SUPREME COURT AND THE CONSTITUTION 1(88)

The Living Constitution 3(7)

The Road to the Bill of Rights 3(3)

The Amendment Process 6(1)

The Supreme Court and the Amendment Process 7(3)

Understanding The U.S. Supreme Court 10(37)

Processing Supreme Court Cases 10(11)

Supreme Court Decision Making: The Role of Law and Legal Methods 21(10)

Supreme Court Decision Making: The Role of Politics 31(10)

Conducting Research on the Supreme Court 41(3)

Readings 44(3)

The Judiciary: Institutional Powers and Constraints 47(20)

Judicial Review 47(10)

Marbury v. Madison (1803) 48(9)

Constraints on Judicial Power 57(9)

Ex parte McCardle (1869) 58(8)

Readings 66(1)

Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 67(22)

Must States Abide by the Bill of Rights? Initial Responses 67(3)

Barron v. Baltimore (1833) 68(2)

Incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment: Early Interpretations 70(5)

Hurtado v. California (1884) 71(4)

A Standard Emerges 75(4)

Palko v. Connecticut (1937) 77(2)

Incorporation in the Aftermath of Palko 79(8)

Duncan v. Louisiana (1968) 81(6)

Readings 87(2)

II. CIVIL LIBERTIES 89(352)

Approaching Civil Liberties 91(4)

Religion: Exercise and Establishment 95(98)

Defining Religion 96(3)

Free Exercise of Religion 99(30)

Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940) 101(5)

Sherbert v. Verner (1963) 106(4)

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) 110(6)

Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith (1990) 116(8)

City of Boerne v. Flores (1997) 124(5)

Religious Establishment 129(63)

Everson v. Board of Education (1947) 130(9)

Lemon v. Kurtzman; Earley v. DiCenso (1971) 139(9)

Agostini v. Felton (1997) 148(6)

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002) 154(11)

Edwards v. Aguillard (1987) 165(6)

School District of Abington Township v. Schempp; Murray v. Curlett (1963) 171(7)

Lee v. Weisman (1992) 178(8)

Van Orden v. Perry (2005) 186(6)

Readings 192(1)

Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Association 193(98)

The Development of Legal Standards: The Emergence of Law in Times of Crisis 194(29)

Schenck v. United States (1919) 196(2)

Abrams v. United States (1919) 198(3)

Gitlow v. New York (1925) 201(11)

Dennis v. United States (1951) 212(7)

Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) 219(4)

Contemporary Tests and Constitutional Guidelines 223(3)

Content and Contexts 226(63)

United States v. O'Brien (1968) 227(3)

Texas v. Johnson (1989) 230(5)

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942) 235(2)

Cohen v. California (1971) 237(6)

Hill v. Colorado (2000) 243(8)

R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul, Minnesota (1992) 251(4)

Wisconsin v. Mitchell (1993) 255(2)

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) 257(4)

Morse v. Frederick (2007) 261(5)

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) 266(4)

Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc. (2006) 270(6)

Bates v. State Bar of Arizona (1977) 276(5)

Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corporation v. Public Service Commission of New York (1980) 281(4)

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000) 285(4)

Readings 289(2)

Freedom of the Press 291(28)

Prior Restraint 292(15)

Near v. Minnesota (1931) 292(3)

New York Times v. United States (1971) 295(8)

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) 303(4)

Government Control of Press Content 307(5)

News Gathering and Special Rights 312(5)

Branzburg v. Hayes (1972) 312(5)

Readings 317(2)

The Boundaries of Free Expression: Obscenity and Libel 319(39)

Obscenity 319(19)

Roth v. United States (1957) 321(6)

Miller v. California (1973) 327(6)

New York v. Ferber (1982) 333(5)

Libel 338(18)

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) 339(8)

Gertz v. Welch (1974) 347(5)

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell (1988) 352(4)

Readings 356(2)

The First Amendment and New Media 358(16)

Shielding Children from Access to Sexually Explicit Material 359(6)

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997) 359(6)

Prohibiting Child Pornography 365(6)

United States v. Williams (2008) 367(4)

Emerging Issues 371(2)

Readings 373(1)

The Right to Keep and Bear Arms 374(11)

Initial Interpretations 375(2)

The Second Amendment Revisited 377(6)

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) 377(6)

Heller and the States 383(1)

Readings 383(2)

The Right to Privacy 385(56)

The Right to Privacy: Foundations 386(8)

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) 388(6)

Reproductive Freedom and the Right to Privacy: Abortion 394(24)

Roe v. Wade (1973) 396(13)

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992) 409(9)

Private Activities and the Application of Griswold 418(21)

Lawrence v. Texas (2003) 422(8)

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health (1990) 430(9)

Readings 439(2)

III. THE RIGHTS OF THE CRIMINALLY ACCUSED 441(134)

The Criminal Justice System and Constitutional Rights 443(6)

Overview of the Criminal Justice System 443(2)

Trends in Court Decision Making 445(4)

Investigations and Evidence 449(70)

Searches and Seizures 450(27)

Katz v. United States (1967) 451(6)

Illinois v. Gates (1983) 457(6)

Arizona v. Gant (2009) 463(5)

Safford Unified School District #1 v. Redding (2009) 468(5)

Terry v. Ohio (1968) 473(4)

Enforcing the Fourth Amendment: The Exclusionary Rule 477(20)

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 478(7)

United States v. Leon (1984) 485(5)

Hudson v. Michigan (2006) 490(4)

Herring v. United States (2009) 494(3)

The Fifth Amendment and Self-Incrimination 497(21)

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) 499(3)

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 502(12)

Missouri v. Seibert (2004) 514(4)

Readings 518(1)

Attorneys, Trials, and Punishments 519(56)

The Right to Counsel 519(10)

Powell v. Alabama (1932) (The Scottsboro Boys Case) 520(4)

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) 524(5)

The Pretrial Period and the Right to Bail 529(2)

The Sixth Amendment and Fair Trials 531(15)

Batson v. Kentucky (1986) 533(6)

Sheppard v. Maxwell (1966) 539(5)

Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia (1980) 544(2)

Trial Proceedings 546(2)

Final Trial Stage: An Overview of Sentencing 548(2)

The Eighth Amendment 550(20)

Gregg v. Georgia (1976) 553(9)

Atkins v. Virginia (2002) 562(8)

Post-Trial Protections and the Double Jeopardy Clause 570(3)

Postrelease Protections 573(1)

Readings 574(1)

IV. CIVIL RIGHTS 575(164)

Civil Rights and the Constitution 577(8)

The Fourteenth Amendment 578(6)

The Fifteenth Amendment 584(1)

Discrimination 585(105)

Racial Discrimination 585(39)

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 586(5)

Sweatt v. Painter (1950) 591(3)

Brown v. Board of Education (I) (1954) 594(4)

Brown v. Board of Education (II) (1955) 598(3)

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) 601(5)

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1; Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education (2007) 606(6)

Loving v. Virginia (1967) 612(5)

Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) 617(2)

Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority (1961) 619(3)

Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis (1972) 622(2)

Sex Discrimination 624(18)

Reed v. Reed (1971) 626(4)

Craig v.Boren (1976) 630(5)

United States v. Virginia (1996) 635(7)

Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation 642(7)

Romer v. Evans (1996) 643(6)

Discrimination Based on Economic Status 649(6)

San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973) 650(5)

Discrimination against Aliens 655(4)

Plyler v. Doe (1982) 656(3)

Remedying the Effects of Discrimination: Affirmative Action 659(28)

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) 661(10)

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (1995) 671(5)

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) 676(11)

Contemporary Developments in Discrimination Law 687(1)

Readings 688(2)

Voting and Representation 690(49)

Elections and the Court 690(7)

Bush v. Gore (2000) 691(6)

Voting Rights 697(14)

South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966) 702(5)

Crawford v. Marion County Election Board (2008) 707(4)

Regulation of Election Campaigns 711(7)

McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003) 712(6)

Political Representation 718(19)

Reynolds v. Sims (1964) 721(8)

Miller v. Johnson (1995) 729(8)

Readings 737(2)

Reference Material 739(50)

Constitution of the United States 741(12)

Federalist Paper, No. 78 753(4)

U.S. Presidents 757(2)

Thumbnail Sketch of the Supreme Court's History 759(3)

The Justices 762(7)

Natural Courts 769(7)

Supreme Court Calendar 776(1)

Briefing Supreme Court Cases 777(2)

Glossary 779(5)

Online Case Archive Index 784(5)
Subject Index 789(24)
Case Index 813(8)
Image Credits 821(2)
About the Authors 823