Microbiology : an introduction /

Basic Principles p. 1
Microorganisms p. 2
What Is a Microorganism? p. 4
The Study of Microorganisms Requires a Unique Way of Working p. 7
The Discovery of Microorganisms and the Development of Microbiology p. 9
Careers in Microbiology Today p. 12
Cells p. 15
Basic Components of All Cells p. 17
Procaryotic Cells p. 20
Eucaryotic Cells p. 33
Microscopy p. 40
Growth and Metabolism p. 49
Microbial Growth p. 50
Growth and Reproduction p. 50
Requirements for Microbial Growth p. 58
Manipulating Microbial Growth p. 67
Microbial Metabolism: Energy Conservation p. 73
The Importance of Electrons p. 74
Energy Is Conserved as ATP p. 75
Enzymes Are Needed to Release and Store Energy p. 76
Mechanisms of Energy Conservation p. 83
Types of Microbial Energy Conservation p. 92
Energy Conservation and Microbial Identification p. 101
Microbial Metabolism: Biosynthesis p. 107
Major Biosynthetic Needs p. 108
Where Do Biosynthetic Building Blocks Come From? p. 113
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids p. 116
Biosynthesis of Proteins p. 121
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides p. 129
Biosynthesis of Lipids p. 134
Autotrophic Carbon Dioxide Fixation p. 134
Metabolic Connections p. 137
Controlling Microbial Growth p. 140
An Overview of Microbial Growth p. 141
Effectiveness of Control Methods p. 143
Physical Control Methods p. 144
Chemical Control Methods p. 154
Genetics p. 168
Microbial Genetics: Basic Considerations p. 169
A Brief Review p. 170
Genotype and Phenotype p. 170
Structure of DNA p. 172
Mutation p. 178
DNA Replication p. 185
Damage and Repair of DNA p. 186
Regulation of Genes p. 189
Microbial Genetics: Gene Transfer p. 197
Recombination p. 198
Gene Transfer in Bacteria p. 200
Movable Genes p. 215
Microbial Genetics: Genetic Engineering p. 221
Recombinant DNA Technology p. 221
Applications of Genetic Engineering p. 230
Concerns about Genetic Engineering p. 238
The Microorganisms p. 243
Classification of Microorganisms p. 244
Objectives of Classification p. 244
The Position of Microorganisms in the Living World p. 245
Principles of Taxonomy p. 248
Traits Used to Classify Microorganisms p. 252
The Bacteria p. 261
A Brief History of Bacterial Classification p. 262
Traits Used to Classify Bacteria p. 263
Gram-negative Eubacteria That Have Cell Walls p. 267
Gram-positive Eubacteria That Have Cell Walls p. 275
Eubacteria Lacking Cell Walls p. 280
The Archaeobacteria p. 280
Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Protists and Fungi p. 283
Taxonomy of Protists and Fungi p. 284
The Kingdom Protista p. 285
The Kingdom Fungi p. 299
Viruses p. 313
Structure of Viruses p. 314
Classification of Viruses p. 320
Families of Vertebrate Viruses p. 324
How Viruses Reproduce p. 331
Persistence of Viruses in Cells p. 337
Viruses and Cancer p. 338
Growing Viruses in the Laboratory p. 340
The Concept of a Virus p. 343
Subviral Agents p. 343
Pathogenesis and Immunity p. 348
Microbial Pathogenicity p. 349
Relationships with Microorganisms p. 351
The Mechanisms of Virulence p. 355
The Genetics of Virulence p. 368
Drug Resistance p. 373
Epidemiology p. 380
Epidemiology Defined p. 381
Types of Numerical Data p. 381
Descriptive Epidemiology p. 386
Analytical Epidemiology p. 396
Proving That Microorganisms Cause Disease: Koch's Postulates p. 398
Natural Immunity p. 404
General Concepts of Immunity p. 405
Mechanisms of Natural Immunity p. 405
Pathogens Adapt to Natural Immunity p. 417
Acquired Immunity p. 420
An Overview of Acquired Immunity p. 421
Lymphocytes p. 422
Antibody-Mediated Immunity p. 425
Cell-Mediated Immunity p. 434
Disorders of the Immune System p. 440
Laboratory Applications of Antigen-Antibody Interactions p. 442
Immunization p. 446
The Pathogens p. 454
Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens p. 455
Overview of Diseases Caused by Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens p. 456
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal ("Staph") Food Poisoning p. 460
Clostridium botulinum and Botulism p. 462
Other Endospore-Forming Bacteria p. 465
Other Gram-Positive Bacteria p. 465
Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria p. 466
Other Gram-Negative Bacteria p. 480
Foodborne and Waterborne Viruses p. 480
Foodborne and Waterborne Animal-like Protists (Protozoa) p. 483
Poisonous Fungi p. 488
Plant-like Protists (Algae) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning p. 489
Airborne Pathogens p. 493
General Concepts of Airborne Pathogens p. 494
The Major Airborne Pathogens p. 495
Preventing Diseases Caused by Airborne Pathogens p. 496
Airborne Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens p. 496
Airborne Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogens p. 502
Airborne Viruses p. 511
Airborne Fungal Pathogens p. 524
Sexually Transmitted Pathogens p. 530
General Concepts of Sexually Transmitted Pathogens p. 531
The Major Sexually Transmitted Pathogens p. 532
Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases p. 532
Bacterial Pathogens Transmitted Sexually p. 534
Sexually Transmitted Viral Pathogens p. 542
Sexually Transmitted Protists: Trichomonas vaginalis p. 564
Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact p. 567
General Concepts of Pathogens Transmitted by Close Personal Contact p. 568
The Major Pathogens Transmitted by Direct Contact p. 569
Preventing Diseases Spread by Close, Person-to-Person Contact p. 569
Bacterial Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact p. 571
Viral Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact p. 584
Fungal Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-To-Person Contact p. 594
Zoonoses and Arthropodborne Pathogens p. 598
General Concepts of Zoonoses p. 599
Zoonoses Caused by Bacteria p. 599
Zoonoses Caused by Viruses p. 611
Animal-like Protists Causing Zoonoses p. 620
Wound Infections p. 630
Types of Wounds p. 631
Sources of Wound Pathogens p. 631
Factors Contributing to Wound Infections p. 631
Major Wound Pathogens p. 633
Preventing and Treating Wound Infections p. 640
Risk of Injection (Intravenous) Drug Use p. 643
Nosocomial Diseases p. 646
Historical Recognition of Hospital-Acquired Infections p. 647
The Nature of Nosocomial Infections p. 647
Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections p. 650
Controlling Nosocomial Infections p. 655
Final Perspectives p. 660
Food Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology p. 661
Food Microbiology p. 661
Industrial Microbiology p. 676
Microbial Ecology p. 687
Ecological Perspectives p. 688
Types of Microbial Interactions p. 690
Microbial Habitats p. 697
Biogeochemical Roles of Microorganisms p. 700
Microbiological Aspects of Pollution p. 704
Bacterial Classification Schemes: Classification of Bacteria According to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology p. 719
Virus Families (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) p. 728
Visualizing Information and Relationships: Organizational Charts, Flow Diagrams, and Concept Maps p. 730
Metric Measurements and Conversions p. 732
Glossary p. 735
Credits p. 763
Index p. 765