简介
Tried and trusted by thousands of HRM students and professionals in three previous editions, this is the most comprehensive introduction to performance appraisal currently available.In this fully revised and updated work, Clive Fletcher explores the key elements of the appraisal process, and through best practice examples explains how such processes can motivate and develop staff, fostering commitment and positivity, and ultimately improving an organization's performance. Drawing on the wider critical literature on performance management and organizational psychology, and based firmly on evidence-based analysis and organizational experience, the book stresses the vital role of performance appraisal in the identification, development and retention of talent. Discussion topics include: ULLIaims and outcomes of the appraisal process /LILIdesigning appraisal schemes /LILIappraisal as an ingredient of performance management /LILIMulti-level, multi-source '360 degree' feedback /LILItraining, implementation and monitoring /LILIthe international and cultural adaptation of appraisal systems./LI/ULExploring both public and private sector contexts, this is essential reading for all students of human resource management and for any manager or HRM professional looking to develop more effective performance appraisal systems.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Preface and acknowledgements viii
1 Appraisal today 1
2 Deciding on the aims of appraisal 5
The organisational perspective 5
The participants' perspective 7
Setting realistic aims for appraisal 9
In summary 11
3 The content of appraisal 13
Appraising for assessment and comparison 13
Appraising to motivate and develop 22
In summary 35
4 Appraisal as an element in performance management 37
How appraisal fits in 39
Appraisal and pay 42
In summary 47
5 Designing appraisal systems, and the use of IT 49
Aims (1): The organisational perspective 49
Aims (2): The consultation process 50
Organisational structure and culture 52
Who should appraise? 55
Who should be appraised? 59
The administration of appraisal 60
Using information technology in designing and implementing appraisal 63
In summary 66
6 Multi-level, multi-source feedback systems 68
The typical 360-degree feedback system 69
The burning issue 鈥?appraisal or development? 75
The quality of 360-degree feedback 78
Effectiveness: What the research says 80
In summary 83
7 Best practice and current trends in multi-source feedback 86
Planning to introduce a 360-degree programme 87
Developing the questionnaire 87
Implementation 89
Report and follow up action 90
Evaluation 92
Some current trends and issues in multi-source feedback use in the UK 94
In summary 96
8 Training, and the implementation of appraisal 98
Background briefing and documentation 99
Training the appraisers 100
Training appraisees 109
Other issues in appraisal training 111
In summary 115
9 Monitoring and maintenance 117
Performance indicators for performance appraisal 117
Methods and sources of evaluation 121
In summary 129
10 Appraising, identifying and developing potential 131
The conventional appraisal process as a means of assessing potential 133
Career review panels 135
The interview in assessing potential 136
Using psychometric tests in assessing potential 141
Assessment centres 147
In summary 154
11 Appraisal with professionals, and in the public sector 157
Appraisal in the public sector 157
Appraisal issues with professional and scientific staff 160
Designing and implementing appraisal for professional staff 162
Appraising promotion potential among professional staff 169
In summary 170
12 Cultural challenges in applying performance appraisal 172
Cultural differences in the context of multi-source feedback 176
Cultural variation within organizations 177
What should we conclude? 178
In summary 180
13 Appraisal: The way ahead 182
Evidence that appraisal can work 鈥?and what we have to do to make it work better 187
Appendix A: Example of appraisal scheme documentation 189
Anyco Ltd 鈥?appraisers' notes 189
Anyco Ltd 鈥?appraisees' notes 195
Appendix B: Attitude measures 198
References 199
Index 210
Preface and acknowledgements viii
1 Appraisal today 1
2 Deciding on the aims of appraisal 5
The organisational perspective 5
The participants' perspective 7
Setting realistic aims for appraisal 9
In summary 11
3 The content of appraisal 13
Appraising for assessment and comparison 13
Appraising to motivate and develop 22
In summary 35
4 Appraisal as an element in performance management 37
How appraisal fits in 39
Appraisal and pay 42
In summary 47
5 Designing appraisal systems, and the use of IT 49
Aims (1): The organisational perspective 49
Aims (2): The consultation process 50
Organisational structure and culture 52
Who should appraise? 55
Who should be appraised? 59
The administration of appraisal 60
Using information technology in designing and implementing appraisal 63
In summary 66
6 Multi-level, multi-source feedback systems 68
The typical 360-degree feedback system 69
The burning issue 鈥?appraisal or development? 75
The quality of 360-degree feedback 78
Effectiveness: What the research says 80
In summary 83
7 Best practice and current trends in multi-source feedback 86
Planning to introduce a 360-degree programme 87
Developing the questionnaire 87
Implementation 89
Report and follow up action 90
Evaluation 92
Some current trends and issues in multi-source feedback use in the UK 94
In summary 96
8 Training, and the implementation of appraisal 98
Background briefing and documentation 99
Training the appraisers 100
Training appraisees 109
Other issues in appraisal training 111
In summary 115
9 Monitoring and maintenance 117
Performance indicators for performance appraisal 117
Methods and sources of evaluation 121
In summary 129
10 Appraising, identifying and developing potential 131
The conventional appraisal process as a means of assessing potential 133
Career review panels 135
The interview in assessing potential 136
Using psychometric tests in assessing potential 141
Assessment centres 147
In summary 154
11 Appraisal with professionals, and in the public sector 157
Appraisal in the public sector 157
Appraisal issues with professional and scientific staff 160
Designing and implementing appraisal for professional staff 162
Appraising promotion potential among professional staff 169
In summary 170
12 Cultural challenges in applying performance appraisal 172
Cultural differences in the context of multi-source feedback 176
Cultural variation within organizations 177
What should we conclude? 178
In summary 180
13 Appraisal: The way ahead 182
Evidence that appraisal can work 鈥?and what we have to do to make it work better 187
Appendix A: Example of appraisal scheme documentation 189
Anyco Ltd 鈥?appraisers' notes 189
Anyco Ltd 鈥?appraisees' notes 195
Appendix B: Attitude measures 198
References 199
Index 210
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