简介
Work and Revolution in France is particularly appropriate for students of French history interested in the crucial revolutions that took place in 1789, 1830, and 1848. Sewell has reconstructed the artisans' world from the corporate communities of the old regime, through the revolutions in 1789 and 1830, to the socialist experiments of 1848. Recent research has revealed that the most important class struggles took place in craft workshops, not in 'dark satanic mills'. Threatened less by the rise of the factory than by the disorder and competition of the emerging capitalist system, French craftsmen responded by forming labor organizations, mounting strikes, and eventually joining forces in a revolutionary socialist movement that aimed at ending the tyranny of the rich. In the 1830s and 1840s, workers combined the collectivism of the corporate guild tradition with the egalitarianism of the revolutionary tradition, producing a distinct artisan form of socialism and class consciousness that climaxed in the Parisian Revolution of 1848. The book follows artisans into their everyday experience of work, fellowship, and struggles and places their history in the context of wider political, economic, and social developments. Sewell analyzes the 'language of labor' in the broadest sense, dealing not only with what the workers and others wrote and said about labor but with the whole range of institutional conventions, economic practices, social struggles, ritual gestures, customs, and actions that gave the workers' world a comprehensive shape.
目录
Cover 1
Half-title 3
Title 5
Copyright 6
Dedication 7
Contents 9
Preface 11
1. INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL HISTORY AND THE LANGUAGE OF LABOR 13
The paradox of corporate language 14
\ 17
History and cultural anthropology 22
Scope of the book 26
2. MECHANICAL ARTS AND THE CORPORATE IDIOM 28
Cities in an agrarian society 28
The mechanical arts 31
Corporations 37
Moral community 44
Varieties of corporations 49
3. JOURNEYMEN'S BROTHERHOODS 52
The Compagnie des Griffarins 54
Compagnonnage 59
Journeymen and the corporate idiom 67
4. THE ABOLITION OF PRIVILEGE 74
Mechanical arts and the Enlightenment 76
Corporations attacked - and defended 84
1789: the assault on privilege 89
The abolition of corporations 98
5. FROM GENS DE METIER TO SANS-CULOTTES 104
Revolutionary corporations 105
The rise of the sans-culottes 112
Labor and property in sans-culotte ideology 121
6. A REVOLUTION IN PROPERTY 126
Property under the old regime 127
Property in the Enlightenment 132
Property in revolutionary legislation 145
Property and the mechanical arts 150
7. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY 155
French industrial growth 158
The declining artisan? 166
8. WORKERS' CORPORATIONS 174
Institutional forms 175
Varieties of workers' corporations 183
Persistent themes - altered relations 191
Corporate language 199
9. THE JULY REVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS 206
The July Revolution 207
The idiom of association 213
The workers' movement 218
\ 223
10. THE PARADOXES OF LABOR 231
Louis Villerme and the problem of demoralization 235
Louis Blanc and the organization of labor 244
Charles Poncy and the poetry of labor 248
11.THE REVOLUTION OF I848 255
The February Revolution 257
The Luxembourg Commission 263
Corporations republicaines 268
Toward class war 277
After June 284
12. CONCLUSION: THE DIALECTIC OF REVOLUTION 289
A dialectical logic 289
Class consciousness 293
Notes 297
Bibliography 330
Index 341
Half-title 3
Title 5
Copyright 6
Dedication 7
Contents 9
Preface 11
1. INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL HISTORY AND THE LANGUAGE OF LABOR 13
The paradox of corporate language 14
\ 17
History and cultural anthropology 22
Scope of the book 26
2. MECHANICAL ARTS AND THE CORPORATE IDIOM 28
Cities in an agrarian society 28
The mechanical arts 31
Corporations 37
Moral community 44
Varieties of corporations 49
3. JOURNEYMEN'S BROTHERHOODS 52
The Compagnie des Griffarins 54
Compagnonnage 59
Journeymen and the corporate idiom 67
4. THE ABOLITION OF PRIVILEGE 74
Mechanical arts and the Enlightenment 76
Corporations attacked - and defended 84
1789: the assault on privilege 89
The abolition of corporations 98
5. FROM GENS DE METIER TO SANS-CULOTTES 104
Revolutionary corporations 105
The rise of the sans-culottes 112
Labor and property in sans-culotte ideology 121
6. A REVOLUTION IN PROPERTY 126
Property under the old regime 127
Property in the Enlightenment 132
Property in revolutionary legislation 145
Property and the mechanical arts 150
7. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY 155
French industrial growth 158
The declining artisan? 166
8. WORKERS' CORPORATIONS 174
Institutional forms 175
Varieties of workers' corporations 183
Persistent themes - altered relations 191
Corporate language 199
9. THE JULY REVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS 206
The July Revolution 207
The idiom of association 213
The workers' movement 218
\ 223
10. THE PARADOXES OF LABOR 231
Louis Villerme and the problem of demoralization 235
Louis Blanc and the organization of labor 244
Charles Poncy and the poetry of labor 248
11.THE REVOLUTION OF I848 255
The February Revolution 257
The Luxembourg Commission 263
Corporations republicaines 268
Toward class war 277
After June 284
12. CONCLUSION: THE DIALECTIC OF REVOLUTION 289
A dialectical logic 289
Class consciousness 293
Notes 297
Bibliography 330
Index 341
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