Essential guide to food additives. 3rd ed. /

Table Of Contents:

Food Additives And Why They Are Used 1(22)

Introduction 1(2)

What are Food Additives and why are they Used? 3(9)

Processing aids 4(2)

Preservatives 6(1)

Antioxidants 6(1)

Emulsifiers and stabilisers 7(1)

Colours 7(2)

Colouring Foodstuffs 9(1)

Sweeteners 9(1)

Flavour enhancers 10(1)

Flavourings 10(1)

Other additives 11(1)

Safety of Additives 12(2)

Intolerance 14(1)

Myths and Fallacies 15(2)

Clean labels 17(1)

Conclusions 17(2)

References 19(3)

What Should Be Declared On The Label 22(36)

Introduction 22(1)

Food Safety Act 1990 22(1)

The General Food Regulations 2004 23(1)

Trade Descriptions Act 1968 23(1)

Weights and Measures Act 1985 23(1)

Food (Lot Marking) Regulations 1996 24(1)

Food Labelling Regulations 1996 24(11)

Name of the food 24(1)

List of ingredients 24(4)

Appropriate durability indication 28(1)

Quantitative Ingredients Declaration (QUID) 29(1)

Storage conditions 30(1)

Name and address 30(1)

Place of origin 30(1)

Instructions for use 31(1)

Additional labelling 31(1)

Allergens 31(2)

Prescribed nutrition labelling 33(2)

Food Additive Labelling Regulations 1992 35(4)

Definition 35(1)

Labelling requirements for business sale of food additives 36(1)

Labelling requirements for consumer sale of food additives 37(2)

Flavourings in Food Regulations 1992 39(4)

Definition 39(1)

Labelling requiements for business sale of relevant flavourings 39(2)

Labelling requirements for consumer sale of relevant flavourings 41(2)

Smoke Flavourings Regulations 2005 43(1)

Definition 43(1)

Colours in Food Regulations 1995 43(1)

Definition 43(1)

Sweeteners in Food Regulations 1995 44(1)

Definition 44(1)

Miscellaneous Food Additives Regulations 1995 44(1)

Definition 44(1)

Relevant Schedules 44(1)

Extraction Solvents in Food Regulations 1993 45(1)

Definition 45(1)

Labelling of permitted extraction solvents sold as such 45(1)

The Genetically Modified Food (England) Regulations 2004 46(2)

The Genetically Modified Organisms (Traceability and Labelling) (England) Regulations 2004 48(1)

Package of proposals for new legislation on food additives, flavourings and enzymes 48(7)

Bibliography 55(1)

Appendix A: Exemptions from Foods Ingredients Listing 56(1)

Appendix B: Exemptions from Durability Indication 56(1)

Appendix C: Permitted Extraction Solvents 57(1)

Safety Of Food Additives In Europe 58(17)

Introduction 58(1)

European Directives 58(2)

Framework Directive on Food Additives 58(1)

Specific Directives on classes of additives 59(1)

Origin of `E' numbers 60(1)

Safety Testing and Evaluation of Food Additives 60(7)

Requirements of the EC framework Directive on safety assessment 60(1)

General approach of advisory and regulatory bodies 60(2)

Toxicological tests required 62(3)

Test protocols and EC submissions 65(1)

Interpretation of toxicity tests 65(2)

Comparing Intakes with ADIs 67(3)

Methods for estimating food additive intake 68(1)

Significance of exceeding the ADI 69(1)

Conclusions 70(1)

References 71(4)

Legislation For Food Additives Outside Europe 75(26)

Introduction 75(1)

Labelling issues 75(1)

Codex Alimentarius 76(8)

Codex General Standard on Food Additives 77(4)

JECFA 81(2)

Specifications 83(1)

Food Additives Legislation in Other Countries 84(15)

USA 84(7)

Canada 91(1)

Japan 91(2)

Other Far East countries 93(2)

MERCOSUR 95(1)

Middle East 96(1)

Australia and New Zealand 97(2)

References 99(2)

ADDITIVES 101(220)
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT 321(2)
GLOSSARY 323(4)
INDEX 327