This text illustrates and critically examines, both historically and theoretically, the current state of semiotic discourse from Pierce to Bakhtin, through Saussure, Levinas, Schaff and Rossi-Landi to modern semioticians such as Umberto Eco. The author seeks a method to construct an appropriate language to talk about signs and ideology in this "end of ideology" era. He aims at an orientation in semiotics based on dialogism and interpretation, by calling attention to the widespread transition from the semiotics of decodification to the semiotics of interpretation. Such a method should lead to new interpretations of signs which are not constrained by the dominant process of social reproduction. To this end, the author draws on the literature on "dialogue", "otherness", "linguistic work", "defferal", "critique of sign fetishism" and "interpretative dynamics". Critique of identity and critique of the subject reaffirm the "objective", the material, the significant, the interpreted sign and the opus ie the "Otherness" as opposed to the expectation of exhaustiveness in the creation and interpretation of sign products.