Title Page 1
Preface 5
Organization 6
Table of Contents 7
On Collective Unintelligence 9
Introduction 9
Formulating Collective Unintelligence 10
Just \u201cStuff ups\u201d or Collective (Economic) Unintelligence? 13
A Vector Example 15
Conclusion 18
References 19
Building Actor Reputation in Web-Based Innovation Networks 20
Introduction 20
Stages of Innovation Process Organization 21
Reputation to Reduce Quality Uncertainty in Innovation Processes 22
An Explanatory Model of Actor Reputation Building 23
Characteristics of Reputation 23
Role Modelling 23
Reputation Building 25
Suggestions for Empirical Research 27
Summary and Outlook 29
References 29
An Approach for the Visual Representation of Business Models That Integrate Web-Based Collective Intelligence into Value Creation 32
Introduction 32
Web-Based Collective Intelligence 33
Definition of Web-Based Collective Intelligence 33
Framework for Web-Based Collective Intelligence 35
Business Models 37
Definition of the Term Business Model 38
Visual Representation of Business Models 38
Visual Representation of Business Models That Integrate Web-Based Collective Intelligence into Value Creation 39
Conclusion and Outlook 40
References 41
Open Science 2.0: How Research and Education Can Benefit from Open Innovation and Web 2.0 43
Introduction 43
Theoretical Foundation 44
Open Science 44
Open Innovation 45
Web 2.0 46
Application and Prerequisites 46
Examples 49
Writing Scientific Papers 49
Public Courses 51
Conclusion 52
References 53
A Social Network System for Analyzing Publication Activities of Researchers 55
Introduction 55
Social Network Analysis and Its Application in Research 56
Social Network Systems in Science 57
Concept of AcaSoNet 58
Design Principles 59
Architecture 59
Database Schema 61
Publication Data Collection Method 61
Further AcaSoNet Services 62
User Interface 62
Conclusions and Future Work 65
References 66
Use of Swarm Intelligence to Involve Customers in Product Innovation 68
Introduction 68
High Willingness of People to Participate in Online Communities 68
Research Question 69
Research Approach 70
The Concept of Swarm Intelligence 70
Successful Swarms Consist of Many Individuals 70
Swarms are Self-organized and Communicate Stigmergically 71
Application of Swarm Intelligence for the Definition of Product Bundles 72
Customers Need Integrated Products and Services 72
Swarm Behaviour Adapted to Create Product Bundles 73
Prototype 74
Prototype 74
Evaluation of the Prototype 76
Outlook 78
References 78
Imitation and Quality of Tags in Social Bookmarking Systems \u2013 Collective Intelligence Leading to Folksonomies 80
Introduction 80
Related Work 81
Hypotheses 83
Analyses 84
Dataset 84
Methodology and Operationalization 87
Results 88
Summary and Conclusions 92
References 94
Measuring and Analyzing the Openness of the Web2.0 Service Network for Improving the Innovation Capacity of the Web2.0 System through Collective Intelligence 97
Introduction 97
Innovation, Collective Intelligence, and Network Analysis 99
Innovation Capacity of the Web2.0 System through Collective Intelligence 99
Value Chain of the Web2.0 System 99
Quality of Innovation through Openness 100
Social Network Analysis of the Web2.0 Service Network 101
An Index for Measuring Openness 102
The Web2.0 Service Network 102
Characteristics of the Links of the Web2.0 Service Network 102
Measures for Evaluating the Openness of Networks 103
Relative Relationship Value 103
The Enhanced-EIS-Indexes 103
Analysis 104
Description of Empirical Data 104
Trend Analysis of Relative Relationship Values 106
Analysis of Enhanced-EIS-Indexes 107
Discussion of the Openness of the Web2.0 System 108
References 108
Collective Intelligence in Teams \u2013 Practical Approaches to Develop Transactive Memory 110
Introduction 110
Extending the Concept of Transactive Memory in Teams 111
The Development of Transactive Memory 113
Knowledge Disclosure through Cross-Training 114
Facilitating Knowledge Updating through After Action Reviews 117
Conclusion and Open Questions 119
References 120
The Need Language: A Preliminary Report 123
Introduction 123
Related Work 124
Domain Knowledge Representation 125
Need Language Syntax 126
Semantics and Ontology 126
NL Program as Data 126
Example 129
Future Implement 131
NL as an Information Retrieval Query Language 131
Activity of the Knowledge Architect 132
Satisfying Customer\u2019s Needs 133
Conclusion 133
References 134
Adding Taxonomies Obtained by Content Clustering to Semantic Social Network Analysis 136
Introduction 136
Related Work 137
Semantic Social Network Analysis 138
Our Approach: Clustering 138
Edge Counting Based Similarity 139
Information Based Similarity 140
Boosting Similarity of Terms with the betweenness Centrality of the Actors 140
Implementation and Evaluation 143
Discussion and Conclusion 145
References 146
How to Reduce New Product Development: Customer Integration in the e-Fashion Market 148
Introduction 148
Threadless.com\u2019s Idea to Substitute Market Research Expenditures by Sales 150
Collective Customer Commitment versus Postponement and Mass Customization 152
When Deep Integration of the Customer Makes Sense 154
Implementing the Collective Customer Commitment Method 155
References 158
Author Index 160