Contributors vii
Acknowledgements xi
Preface xiii
1 Wildlife and roads: a Government perspective 1
H Wenban-Smith
2 Requirements of EU and UK wildlife legislation 7
C Hatton
3 Highways and wildlife in the UK: the Highways Agency view 21
A Sangwine
4 ' Statutory agencies and roads: English Nature 27
D Langslow
5 Balancing environment and transport 35
JM Dickson-Simpson
6 Treatment of biodiversity issues in road Environmental 41
Impact Assessments
H Byron & W Sheate
7 Transport and sustainable development 69
C Findlay
8 Transport and the biodiversity action plan 83
G Wynne
9 The constructor's experience: the designers response 91
C Livingstone
10 The constructor's experience: the contractor response 95
R Jones
11. Public opinion, wildlife and roads 101
T Juniper
12 The ecological impact of air pollution from roads 113
M Ashmore



13 The ecological effects of road lighting 133
A Outen
14 Design, build, fund, and operate: ecological issues during the 157
construction of privately financed road schemes
J Wynn & W Latimer
15 Environmental impacts of transport infrastructure: habitat 161
fragmentation and edge effects
P Angold
16 Roads as barriers 169
P Anderson
17 Roads and habitat corridors for animals and plants 185
D Dawson
18 A decision support System for roadside deadwood 199
L Wyatt
19 Are roads harmful or potentially beneficial 203
to butterflies and other insects?
J Thomas, R G Snazell & L K Ward
20 Measures to protect amphibians and reptiles from road 223
traffic
AES Langton
21 Disturbance by traffic as a threat to breeding birds: valuation 249
of the effect and considerations in planning and managing
road corridors
R Reijnen, R F Foppen, G Veenbaas & H Bussink
22 Wildlife mortality: head-on collisions 269
J Barton
23 The A36 Salisbury bypass: Case Study One 287
M Reed & P Wilson
24 M40 Shabbington habitat creation area: Case Study Two 293
C J Bickmore