Manual of equine reproduction / 2nd ed.
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作 者：Terry L. Blanchard ... [et al.]
分类号：
ISBN：9780323017138
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简介
Written by acknowledged experts in the field, this authoritative text presents a comprehensive overview of reproductive management of horses, including management of stallions, pregnant mares, and neonatal foals. Discussions are concise and practical, with detailed information on techniques used in reproductive examination, breeding procedures, pregnancy diagnosis, foaling, and reproductive tract surgery. This outstanding 2nd edition features a new chapter on the use of breeding records to evaluate stallion fertility and improve management of breeding stallions. High-quality photographs and line drawings, many new to this edition, clearly depict procedures. New to the second edition! All chapters have been updated to present the latest information on every subject, including: * Discussion of the use of GnRH-analog deslorelin (Ovuplant) to hasten ovulation * Aseptic technique for endometrial biopsy * Use of transabdominal ultrasonography, especially in early pregnancy * Determination of fetal gender by transrectal ultrasonography * Causes and treatment of uterine rupture * New sepsis scoring system to accurately predict sepsis * Ground semen collection procedure described and illustrated 隆V using an artificial vagina * Ultrasound techniques used to detect intratesticular masses, evaluate accessory genital glands, explore for undescended testis, and confirm secretions from the prostate, ampullae, and ductus deferens * Aspiration testicular biopsy using a spring-loaded biopsy instrument * New containers for transporting cooled semen through airport security with heightened radiation exposure * New technique for castration that involves removing the bottom of the scrotum to provide better drainage results and fewer complications * New section on laparoscopic castration * Procedure for treating hematuria in geldings * Procedure for surgical embryo transfer And a whole lot more!
目录
Reproductive Anatomy of the Mare p. 1
Ovaries p. 3
Oviducts p. 3
Uterus p. 4
Cervix p. 4
Vagina p. 4
Vestibule p. 5
Vulva p. 5
Examination of the Reproductive Tract of the Mare Per Rectum p. 5
Reproductive Physiology of the Nonpregnant Mare p. 9
The Estrous Cycle p. 9
Staging the Estrous Cycle by Examination p. 12
Seasonality p. 12
Operational Breeding Season p. 15
Manipulation of Estrus in the Mare p. 17
Introduction p. 17
Physiologic Changes During Transition from Seasonal Anestrus Through Onset of the Breeding Season p. 22
Artificial Lighting p. 23
Shortening the Duration of the Late Transition Period by Administering Progestogens p. 23
Hastening Ovulation During the Late Transition Period p. 24
Waiting To Breed Mares Until Regular Estrous Cycles Occur p. 25
Induction of Ovulation in Cycling Mares p. 25
Synchronization of Estrus in the Cycling Mare p. 28
Hormonal Therapy To Improve Fertility of Mares Early in the Postpartum Period p. 29
Breeding Soundness Examination of the Mare p. 31
History p. 31
General Physical Examination p. 33
Reproductive Examination p. 33
Vaginal Speculum Examination p. 35
Uterine (Endometrial) Culture p. 37
Uterine Cytologic Analysis p. 38
Other Diagnostic Aids p. 40
Written Summary for Client/Owner p. 42
Transrectal Ultrasonography in Broodmare Practice p. 43
Instrumentation p. 43
Procedural Considerations p. 44
Examination of the Ovaries p. 46
Evaluation of the Tubular Tract p. 49
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Pregnancy by Transrectal Ultrasonographic Examination p. 51
Determination of Fetal Gender by Transrectal Ultrasonography p. 53
Diagnosis of Pathologic Uterine Conditions by Transrectal Ultrasonography p. 54
Endometritis p. 59
Terminology for Genital Infections p. 59
Endometritis p. 59
Treatment of Genital Infections p. 62
Prevention of Genital Infection p. 68
Pregnancy: Physiology and Diagnosis p. 69
Early Events of Pregnancy p. 69
Endometrial Cup Formation p. 70
Development of Supplementary Corpora Lutea p. 72
Progestin Production by the Fetoplacental Unit p. 72
Summary of Methods of Pregnancy Diagnosis p. 73
Detection of Pregnancy by Ultrasound Examination p. 75
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Detection p. 76
Estrogen Detection in Blood or Urine p. 76
Pregnancy Loss p. 77
Causes of Embryonic Death p. 78
Diagnosis of Embryonic Death (After Ultrasonographic Determination of Pregnancy) p. 78
Development of Uterine Edema During Early Pregnancy p. 79
Management of Mares With Signs of Abnormal Embryonic Development p. 80
Pregnancy Loss Beyond the Embryonic Period p. 80
Abortion p. 80
Gestational Abnormalities p. 86
Management of the Pregnant Mare p. 93
Length of Gestation p. 93
Preventive Health Care p. 94
Monitoring and Preparing the Mare for Parturition p. 99
Stages of Parturition p. 100
Induced Parturition p. 103
The Postpartum Period p. 104
Dystocia and Postparturient Disease p. 107
Dystocia p. 107
Postparturient Abnormalities p. 110
Routine Management of the Neonatal Foal p. 117
Evaluation of Respiratory and Cardiac Function p. 117
Viability Assessment and Resuscitation Procedure p. 118
Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data p. 120
Physical Examination p. 120
Care of the Umbilical Cord p. 122
Dam-Foal Interaction p. 123
Giving Enemas p. 124
Antibiotic Injections p. 124
Vitamin Injections p. 125
Neonatal Vaccination p. 125
Colostrum Acquisition p. 126
Failure of Passive Antibody Transfer p. 127
Semen Collection and Artificial Insemination p. 131
Advantages and Disadvantages p. 131
Semen Collection p. 132
Artificial insemination p. 140
Summary p. 142
Examination of the Stallion for Breeding Soundness p. 143
Objective p. 143
History and Identification p. 143
General Physical Examination p. 146
Physical Examination of Reproductive Tract p. 146
Observation of Libido and Mating Ability p. 149
Examination for Venereal Disease p. 150
Collection of Semen p. 153
Evaluation of Semen p. 153
Spermatozoal Concentration p. 154
Seminal pH p. 155
Spermatozoal Motility p. 155
Spermatozoal Morphology p. 157
Chemical Analysis of Seminal Plasma p. 158
Transmission Electron Microscopic Examination of Spermatozoa p. 158
Evaluation of the Ability of Spermatozoa to Undergo the Acrosome Reaction p. 159
Urethral Endoscopy p. 160
Radiography p. 160
Chromosomal Analysis p. 160
Hormonal Analyses p. 160
Testicular Biopsy p. 163
Interpretation of Findings--Breeding Soundness Examination p. 163
Semen Preservation p. 165
Equine Semen Preservation: Cooled and Frozen Semen p. 165
General Considerations p. 166
Cooled Semen p. 166
Cryopreservation of Semen p. 172
Summary p. 176
Surgery of the Mare Reproductive Tract p. 179
Selection of Candidates for Surgery p. 179
Pneumovagina p. 180
Urovagina p. 183
Perineal Lacerations and Rectovaginal Fistulas p. 185
Cervical Lacerations p. 190
Surgery of the Stallion Reproductive Tract p. 193
Castration p. 193
Cryptorchidism p. 199
Inguinal Herniation p. 203
Torsion of the Spermatic Cord p. 205
Hydrocele p. 206
Hematocele p. 207
Varicocele p. 208
Testicular Neoplasia p. 208
Penile and Preputial Injuries p. 209
Paraphimosis/Penile Prolapse p. 211
Phimosis p. 211
Neoplasia of the Penis and Prepuce p. 212
Cutaneous Habronemiasis p. 213
Priapism p. 215
Hemospermia p. 216
Hematuria p. 217
An Overview of Embryo Transfer in Horses p. 219
Background p. 219
Technique p. 219
Selection and Management of Donor Mares p. 220
Selection of Recipient Mares p. 220
Superovulation p. 221
Synchronization of Ovulation p. 221
Embryo Recovery p. 222
Embryo Transfer p. 226
Transport of Embryos p. 227
Storage of Embryos p. 227
Evaluation of Breeding Records p. 229
Learning to Evaluate Breeding Farm Records p. 229
Interpretation p. 231
Mathematics of Horse Breeding p. 233
Ovaries p. 3
Oviducts p. 3
Uterus p. 4
Cervix p. 4
Vagina p. 4
Vestibule p. 5
Vulva p. 5
Examination of the Reproductive Tract of the Mare Per Rectum p. 5
Reproductive Physiology of the Nonpregnant Mare p. 9
The Estrous Cycle p. 9
Staging the Estrous Cycle by Examination p. 12
Seasonality p. 12
Operational Breeding Season p. 15
Manipulation of Estrus in the Mare p. 17
Introduction p. 17
Physiologic Changes During Transition from Seasonal Anestrus Through Onset of the Breeding Season p. 22
Artificial Lighting p. 23
Shortening the Duration of the Late Transition Period by Administering Progestogens p. 23
Hastening Ovulation During the Late Transition Period p. 24
Waiting To Breed Mares Until Regular Estrous Cycles Occur p. 25
Induction of Ovulation in Cycling Mares p. 25
Synchronization of Estrus in the Cycling Mare p. 28
Hormonal Therapy To Improve Fertility of Mares Early in the Postpartum Period p. 29
Breeding Soundness Examination of the Mare p. 31
History p. 31
General Physical Examination p. 33
Reproductive Examination p. 33
Vaginal Speculum Examination p. 35
Uterine (Endometrial) Culture p. 37
Uterine Cytologic Analysis p. 38
Other Diagnostic Aids p. 40
Written Summary for Client/Owner p. 42
Transrectal Ultrasonography in Broodmare Practice p. 43
Instrumentation p. 43
Procedural Considerations p. 44
Examination of the Ovaries p. 46
Evaluation of the Tubular Tract p. 49
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Pregnancy by Transrectal Ultrasonographic Examination p. 51
Determination of Fetal Gender by Transrectal Ultrasonography p. 53
Diagnosis of Pathologic Uterine Conditions by Transrectal Ultrasonography p. 54
Endometritis p. 59
Terminology for Genital Infections p. 59
Endometritis p. 59
Treatment of Genital Infections p. 62
Prevention of Genital Infection p. 68
Pregnancy: Physiology and Diagnosis p. 69
Early Events of Pregnancy p. 69
Endometrial Cup Formation p. 70
Development of Supplementary Corpora Lutea p. 72
Progestin Production by the Fetoplacental Unit p. 72
Summary of Methods of Pregnancy Diagnosis p. 73
Detection of Pregnancy by Ultrasound Examination p. 75
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Detection p. 76
Estrogen Detection in Blood or Urine p. 76
Pregnancy Loss p. 77
Causes of Embryonic Death p. 78
Diagnosis of Embryonic Death (After Ultrasonographic Determination of Pregnancy) p. 78
Development of Uterine Edema During Early Pregnancy p. 79
Management of Mares With Signs of Abnormal Embryonic Development p. 80
Pregnancy Loss Beyond the Embryonic Period p. 80
Abortion p. 80
Gestational Abnormalities p. 86
Management of the Pregnant Mare p. 93
Length of Gestation p. 93
Preventive Health Care p. 94
Monitoring and Preparing the Mare for Parturition p. 99
Stages of Parturition p. 100
Induced Parturition p. 103
The Postpartum Period p. 104
Dystocia and Postparturient Disease p. 107
Dystocia p. 107
Postparturient Abnormalities p. 110
Routine Management of the Neonatal Foal p. 117
Evaluation of Respiratory and Cardiac Function p. 117
Viability Assessment and Resuscitation Procedure p. 118
Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data p. 120
Physical Examination p. 120
Care of the Umbilical Cord p. 122
Dam-Foal Interaction p. 123
Giving Enemas p. 124
Antibiotic Injections p. 124
Vitamin Injections p. 125
Neonatal Vaccination p. 125
Colostrum Acquisition p. 126
Failure of Passive Antibody Transfer p. 127
Semen Collection and Artificial Insemination p. 131
Advantages and Disadvantages p. 131
Semen Collection p. 132
Artificial insemination p. 140
Summary p. 142
Examination of the Stallion for Breeding Soundness p. 143
Objective p. 143
History and Identification p. 143
General Physical Examination p. 146
Physical Examination of Reproductive Tract p. 146
Observation of Libido and Mating Ability p. 149
Examination for Venereal Disease p. 150
Collection of Semen p. 153
Evaluation of Semen p. 153
Spermatozoal Concentration p. 154
Seminal pH p. 155
Spermatozoal Motility p. 155
Spermatozoal Morphology p. 157
Chemical Analysis of Seminal Plasma p. 158
Transmission Electron Microscopic Examination of Spermatozoa p. 158
Evaluation of the Ability of Spermatozoa to Undergo the Acrosome Reaction p. 159
Urethral Endoscopy p. 160
Radiography p. 160
Chromosomal Analysis p. 160
Hormonal Analyses p. 160
Testicular Biopsy p. 163
Interpretation of Findings--Breeding Soundness Examination p. 163
Semen Preservation p. 165
Equine Semen Preservation: Cooled and Frozen Semen p. 165
General Considerations p. 166
Cooled Semen p. 166
Cryopreservation of Semen p. 172
Summary p. 176
Surgery of the Mare Reproductive Tract p. 179
Selection of Candidates for Surgery p. 179
Pneumovagina p. 180
Urovagina p. 183
Perineal Lacerations and Rectovaginal Fistulas p. 185
Cervical Lacerations p. 190
Surgery of the Stallion Reproductive Tract p. 193
Castration p. 193
Cryptorchidism p. 199
Inguinal Herniation p. 203
Torsion of the Spermatic Cord p. 205
Hydrocele p. 206
Hematocele p. 207
Varicocele p. 208
Testicular Neoplasia p. 208
Penile and Preputial Injuries p. 209
Paraphimosis/Penile Prolapse p. 211
Phimosis p. 211
Neoplasia of the Penis and Prepuce p. 212
Cutaneous Habronemiasis p. 213
Priapism p. 215
Hemospermia p. 216
Hematuria p. 217
An Overview of Embryo Transfer in Horses p. 219
Background p. 219
Technique p. 219
Selection and Management of Donor Mares p. 220
Selection of Recipient Mares p. 220
Superovulation p. 221
Synchronization of Ovulation p. 221
Embryo Recovery p. 222
Embryo Transfer p. 226
Transport of Embryos p. 227
Storage of Embryos p. 227
Evaluation of Breeding Records p. 229
Learning to Evaluate Breeding Farm Records p. 229
Interpretation p. 231
Mathematics of Horse Breeding p. 233
Manual of equine reproduction / 2nd ed.
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