简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
Foundations of Biogeographyprovides facsimile reprints of seventy-two works that have proven fundamental to the development of the field. From classics by Georges-Louis LeClerc Compte de Buffon, Alexander von Humboldt, and Charles Darwin to equally seminal contributions by Ernst Mayr, Robert MacArthur, and E. O. Wilson, these papers and book excerpts not only reveal biogeography's historical roots but also trace its theoretical and empirical development. Selected and introduced by leading biogeographers, the articles cover a wide variety of taxonomic groups, habitat types, and geographic regions. Foundations of Biogeographywill be an ideal introduction to the field for beginning students and an essential reference for established scholars of biogeography, ecology, and evolution.
List of Contributors
John C. Briggs, James H. Brown, Vicki A. Funk, Paul S. Giller, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Lawrence R. Heaney, Robert Hengeveld, Christopher J. Humphries, Mark V. Lomolino, Alan A. Myers, Brett R. Riddle, Dov F. Sax, Geerat J. Vermeij, Robert J. Whittaker
Publisher Summary 2
Foundations of Biogeographyprovides facsimile reprints of seventy-two works that have proven fundamental to the development of the field. From classics by Georges-Louis LeClerc Compte de Buffon, Alexander von Humboldt, and Charles Darwin to equally seminal contributions by Ernst Mayr, Robert MacArthur, and E. O. Wilson, these papers and book excerpts not only reveal biogeography's historical roots but also trace its theoretical and empirical development. Selected and introduced by leading biogeographers, the articles cover a wide variety of taxonomic groups, habitat types, and geographic regions. Foundations of Biogeographywill be an ideal introduction to the field for beginning students and an essential reference for established scholars of biogeography, ecology, and evolution.
List of Contributors
John C. Briggs, James H. Brown, Vicki A. Funk, Paul S. Giller, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Lawrence R. Heaney, Robert Hengeveld, Christopher J. Humphries, Mark V. Lomolino, Alan A. Myers, Brett R. Riddle, Dov F. Sax, Geerat J. Vermeij, Robert J. Whittaker
目录
Table Of Contents:
Preface xix
Introduction
James H. Brown 1(50)
PART ONE Early Classics
John C. Briggs and Christopher J. Humphries 51(216)
1 Carolus Linnaeus (1781)
Excerpts from Dissertation II, On the Increase of the Habitable Earth
Translations by F.J. Brand from Select Dissertations from the Amoenitates Academicae (London: G. Robinson and J. Robson, 1781; repr., New York: Arno, 1977) 14(2)
2 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Compte de Buffon (1761)
Excerpts from Natural History, General and Particular
Translated by W. Smellie. London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1791 16(3)
3 Johann Reinhold Forster (1778)
Excerpts from Observations Made during a Voyage Round the World, on Physical Geography, Natural History, and Ethic Philosophy
Edited by Nicholas Thomas, Harriet Guest, and Michael Dettelbach. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1966 19(9)
4 Augustin de Candolle (1820)
Excerpt from Essai 脡l茅mentaire de G茅ographic Botanique
Translation in A.P. Decandolle and K. Sprengel, Elements of the Philosopy of Plants. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1821 28(21)
5 Alexander von Humboldt (1805)
Excerpt from Essay on the Geography of Plants
Translations by Francesca Kern and Philippe Janvier from Essai sur la G茅ographie des Plantes. Paris: Levrault, Schoell et Cie. 49(9)
6 Edward Forbes (1844)
Excerpts from Report on the Mollusca and Radiata of the Aegean Sea, and on Their Distribution, Considered as Bearing on Geology
Reports of the British Association of Science for 1843, 130-93 58(30)
7 James Dwight Dana (1853)
On an Isothermal Oceanic Chart, Illustrating the Geographical Distribution of Marine Animals
The American Journal of Science and Arts, 2d set., 66:153-67, 325-27, 391-92 88(21)
8 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1853)
Excerpt from The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843
Part 2, Flora Novae Zelandiae, vol. 1: xix-xxvii 109(9)
9 Philip Lutley Sclater (1858)
On the General Geographical Distribution of the Members of the Class Aves
Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, Zoology 2:130-45 118(16)
10 Asa Gray (1876)
Excerpt from Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism
New York: D. Appleton 134(6)
11 Charles Darwin (1859)
Excerpts from On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
London: John Murray 140(24)
12 Alfred Russel Wallace (1876)
Excerpt from The Geographical Distribution of Animals
London: Macmillan 164(14)
13 Ernst Haeckel (1876)
Excerpt from The History of Creation, or the Development of the Earth and Its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes
Translated by E. Ray Lankester. New York: D. Appleton, 1925 178(16)
14 Hermann von Ihering (1900)
The History of the Neotropical Region
Science 12:857-64 194(8)
15 Clinton Hart Merriam (1890)
Excerpt from Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Mountain Region and Desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona
North American Fauna, no. 3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 202(32)
16 William Diller Matthew (1915)
Excerpt from Climate and Evolution
2d Edition, 1939. Special Publications of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1 234(11)
17 Sven Ekman (1953)
Excerpt from Zoogeography of the Sea
Translated by Elizabeth Palmer. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1953 245(4)
18 Evgenii Vladimirovitch Wulff (1943)
Excerpt from An Introduction to Historical Plant Geography
Translated by Elizabeth Brissenden. Waltham, MA: Chronica Botanica 249(18)
PART TWO Earth History, Vicariance, and Dispersal
Paul S. Giller, Alan A. Myers, and Brett R. Riddle 267(1)
19 Alfred Wegener (1924)
Excerpt from The Origin of Continents and Oceans
Translated by J.G.A. Skerl. 4th ed. London: Methuen, 1929 277(18)
20 Lars Brundin (1966)
Excerpt from Transantarctic Relationships and Their Significance, as Evidenced by Chironomid Midges
Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakadamiens Handlingar, ser. 4, 11(1):437-56 295(20)
21 Sherwin Carlquist (1966)
The Biota of Long-Distance Dispersal, I: Principles of Dispersal and Evolution
The Quarterly Review of Biology 41:247-70 315(24)
22 George Gaylord Simpson (1940)
Mammals and Land Bridges
Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 30:137-63 339(27)
23 Anthony Hallam (1967)
The Bearing of Certain Palaeozoogeographic Data on Continental Drift
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 3:201-41 366(41)
24 Philip J. Darlington Jr. (1965)
Excerpt from Biogeography of the Southern End of the World
Cambridge: Harvard University Press 407(12)
25 Larry G. Marshall, S. David Webb, J. John Sepkoski Jr., and David M. Raup (1982)
Mammalian Evolution and the Great American Interchange
Science 215:1351-57 419(7)
26 Francis Dov Por (1971)
One Hundred Years of Suez Canal-A Century of Lessepsian Migration: Retrospect and Viewpoints
Systematic Zoology 20:138-59 426(23)
PART THREE Species Ranges
Robert Hengeveld, Paul S. Giller and Brett R. Riddle 449(1)
27 Joseph Grinnell (1922)
The Role of the "Accidental"
Auk 39:373-80 456(8)
28 Eric Hult茅n (1937)
Excerpts from Outline of the History of Arctic and Boreal Biota during the Quarternary Period
Stockholm: J. Cramer 464(49)
29 Evgenii Vladimirovitch Wulff (1943)
Excerpt from An Introduction to Historical Plant Geography
Translated by Elizabeth Brissenden. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica 513(23)
30 Jeremy D. Holloway and Nicholas Jardine (1968)
Two Approaches to Zoogeography: A Study Based on the Distributions of Butterflies, Birds and Bats in the Indo-Australian Area
Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of London 179:153-88 536(39)
31 Charles S. Elton (1958)
Excerpt from The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
London: Methuen and Co. 575(19)
32 Daniel H. Janzen (1967)
Why Mountain Passes are Higher in the Tropics
American Naturalist 101:233-49 594(17)
33 Philip V. Wells and Rainer Berger (1967)
Late Pleistocene History of Coniferous Woodland in the Mohave Desert
Science 155:1640-47 611(8)
34 John R. Flenley (1979)
The Late Quaternary Vegetational History of the Equatorial Mountains
Progress in Physical Geography 3:488-509 619(22)
35 Paul S. Martin (1973)
The Discovery of America
Science 179:969-74 641(6)
PART FOUR Revolutions in Historical Biogeography
Vicki A. Funk 647(1)
36 Lars Brundin (1966)
Excerpt from Transantarctic Relationships and Their Significance, as Evidenced by Chironomid Midges
Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakadamiens Handlingar, ser, 4, 11(1):46-64 658(21)
37 Willi Hennig (1966)
Excerpt from Phylogenetic Systematics
Urbana: University of Illinois Press 679(7)
38 Gareth J. Nelson (1969)
The Problem of Historical Biogeography
Systematic Zoology 18:243-46 686(4)
39 Leon Croizat (1962)
Excerpt from Space, Time, Form: The Biological Synthesis
Caracas: Published by the author 690(15)
40 Leon Croizat, Gareth J. Nelson and Donn Eric Rosen (1974)
Centers of Origin and Related Concepts
Systematic Zoology 23:265-87 705(23)
41 Gareth J. Nelson (1974)
Historical Biogeography: An Alternative Formalization
Systematic Zoology 23:555-58 728(4)
42 Norman I. Platnick and Gareth J. Nelson (1978)
A Method of Analysis for Historical Biogeography
Systematic Zoology 27:1-46 732(16)
43 Donn E. Rosen (1978)
Vicariant Patterns and Historical Explanation in Biogeography
Systematic Zoology 27:159-88 748(31)
PART FIVE Diversification
Lawrence R. Heaney and Geerat Vermeij 779(1)
44 Bernard Rensch (1960)
Excerpt from Evolution above the Species Level
New York: Columbia University Press 789(22)
45 Ernst Mayr (1942)
Excerpt from Systematics and the Origin of Species
New York: Columbia University Press 811(22)
46 David Lack (1947)
Excerpts from Darwin's Finches
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 833(19)
47 Philip J. Darlington Jr. (1959)
Area, Climate, and Evolution
Evolution 13:488-510 852(23)
48 James W. Valentine (1969)
Patterns of Taxonomic and Ecological Structure of the Shelf Benthos during Phanerozoic Time
Palaeontology 12:684-709 875(26)
49 David M. Raup (1972)
Taxonomic Diversity during the Phanerozoic
Science 177:1065-71 901(7)
50 J眉rgen Haffer (1969)
Speciation in Amazonian Forest Birds
Science 165:131-37 908(7)
51 Guy L. Bush (1969)
Sympatric Host Race Formation and Speciation in Frugivorous Flies of the Genus Rhagoletis (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Evolution 23:237-51 915(16)
PART SIX The Importance of Islands
Robert J. Whittaker 931(1)
52 Olof Arrhenius (1921)
Species and Area
Journal of Ecology 9:95-99 942(5)
53 Edward O. Wilson (1959)
Adaptive Shift and Dispersal in a Tropical Ant Fauna
Evolution, 13:122-44 947(23)
54 Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson (1963)
An Equilibrium Theory of Insular Zoogeography
Evolution 17:373-87 970(15)
55 Daniel S. Simberloff and Edward O. Wilson (1970)
Experimental Zoogeography of Islands: A Two-Year Record of Colonization
Ecology 51:934-37 985(4)
56 James H. Brown (1971)
Mammals on Mountaintops: Nonequilibrium Insular Biogeography
The American Naturalist 105:467-78 989(12)
57 Jared M. Diamond (1974)
Colonization of Exploded Volcanic Islands by Birds: The Supertramp Strategy
Science 184:803-6 1001(4)
58 Jared M. Diamond (1975)
The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves
Biological Conservation 7:129-46 1005(18)
59 Storrs L. Olson and Helen F. James (1982)
Fossil Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Evidence for Wholesale Extinction by Man before Western Contact
Science 217:633-35 1023(4)
PART SEVEN Assembly Rules
Nicholas J. Gotelli 1027(1)
60 Philip J. Darlington Jr. (1957)
Excerpt from Zoogeography: The Geographic Distribution of Animals
New York: Wiley 1036(5)
61 Charles S. Elton (1946)
Competition and the Structure of Ecological Communities
Journal of Animal Ecology 15:54-68 1041(15)
62 Carrington Bonsor Williams (1947)
The Generic Relations of Species in Small Ecological Communities
Journal of Animal Ecology 16:11-18 1056(8)
63 Robert H. Whittaker (1967)
Gradient Analysis of Vegetation
Biological Reviews 42:207-64 1064(58)
64 Robert H. MacArthur (1972)
Excerpts from Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distributions of Species
New York: Harper and Row 1122(5)
65 Jared M. Diamond (1975)
Excerpt from Assembly of Species Communities
In Ecology and Evolution of Communities, ed. M.L. Cody and J.M. Diamond. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1127(8)
66 Edward F. Connor and Daniel S. Simberloff (1979)
The Assembly of Species Communities: Chance or Competition?
Ecology 60:1132-40 1135(10)
PART EIGHT Gradients in Species Diversity: Why Are There So Many Species in the Tropics?
James H. Brown and Dov F. Sax 1145(1)
67 Theodosius Dobzhansky (1950)
Evolution in the Tropics
American Scientist 38:209-21 1155(13)
68 Alfred G. Fischer (1960)
Latitudinal Variations in Organic Diversity
Evolution 14:64-81 1168(18)
69 George Gaylord Simpson (1964)
Species Density of North American Recent Mammals
Systematic Zoology 13:57-73 1186(17)
70 Eric R. Pianka (1966)
Latitudinal Gradients in Species Diversity: A Review of Concepts
The American Naturalist 100:33-46 1203(14)
71 Robert H. MacArthur (1972)
Excerpts from Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species
New York: Harper and Row 1217(37)
72 Robert H. Whittaker and William A. Niering (1975)
Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, V: Biomass, Production and Diversity along the Elevation Gradient
Ecology 56: 771-90 1254(21)
References 1275(12)
List of Contributors 1287(2)
Index 1289
Preface xix
Introduction
James H. Brown 1(50)
PART ONE Early Classics
John C. Briggs and Christopher J. Humphries 51(216)
1 Carolus Linnaeus (1781)
Excerpts from Dissertation II, On the Increase of the Habitable Earth
Translations by F.J. Brand from Select Dissertations from the Amoenitates Academicae (London: G. Robinson and J. Robson, 1781; repr., New York: Arno, 1977) 14(2)
2 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Compte de Buffon (1761)
Excerpts from Natural History, General and Particular
Translated by W. Smellie. London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1791 16(3)
3 Johann Reinhold Forster (1778)
Excerpts from Observations Made during a Voyage Round the World, on Physical Geography, Natural History, and Ethic Philosophy
Edited by Nicholas Thomas, Harriet Guest, and Michael Dettelbach. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1966 19(9)
4 Augustin de Candolle (1820)
Excerpt from Essai 脡l茅mentaire de G茅ographic Botanique
Translation in A.P. Decandolle and K. Sprengel, Elements of the Philosopy of Plants. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1821 28(21)
5 Alexander von Humboldt (1805)
Excerpt from Essay on the Geography of Plants
Translations by Francesca Kern and Philippe Janvier from Essai sur la G茅ographie des Plantes. Paris: Levrault, Schoell et Cie. 49(9)
6 Edward Forbes (1844)
Excerpts from Report on the Mollusca and Radiata of the Aegean Sea, and on Their Distribution, Considered as Bearing on Geology
Reports of the British Association of Science for 1843, 130-93 58(30)
7 James Dwight Dana (1853)
On an Isothermal Oceanic Chart, Illustrating the Geographical Distribution of Marine Animals
The American Journal of Science and Arts, 2d set., 66:153-67, 325-27, 391-92 88(21)
8 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1853)
Excerpt from The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843
Part 2, Flora Novae Zelandiae, vol. 1: xix-xxvii 109(9)
9 Philip Lutley Sclater (1858)
On the General Geographical Distribution of the Members of the Class Aves
Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, Zoology 2:130-45 118(16)
10 Asa Gray (1876)
Excerpt from Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism
New York: D. Appleton 134(6)
11 Charles Darwin (1859)
Excerpts from On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
London: John Murray 140(24)
12 Alfred Russel Wallace (1876)
Excerpt from The Geographical Distribution of Animals
London: Macmillan 164(14)
13 Ernst Haeckel (1876)
Excerpt from The History of Creation, or the Development of the Earth and Its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes
Translated by E. Ray Lankester. New York: D. Appleton, 1925 178(16)
14 Hermann von Ihering (1900)
The History of the Neotropical Region
Science 12:857-64 194(8)
15 Clinton Hart Merriam (1890)
Excerpt from Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Mountain Region and Desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona
North American Fauna, no. 3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 202(32)
16 William Diller Matthew (1915)
Excerpt from Climate and Evolution
2d Edition, 1939. Special Publications of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1 234(11)
17 Sven Ekman (1953)
Excerpt from Zoogeography of the Sea
Translated by Elizabeth Palmer. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1953 245(4)
18 Evgenii Vladimirovitch Wulff (1943)
Excerpt from An Introduction to Historical Plant Geography
Translated by Elizabeth Brissenden. Waltham, MA: Chronica Botanica 249(18)
PART TWO Earth History, Vicariance, and Dispersal
Paul S. Giller, Alan A. Myers, and Brett R. Riddle 267(1)
19 Alfred Wegener (1924)
Excerpt from The Origin of Continents and Oceans
Translated by J.G.A. Skerl. 4th ed. London: Methuen, 1929 277(18)
20 Lars Brundin (1966)
Excerpt from Transantarctic Relationships and Their Significance, as Evidenced by Chironomid Midges
Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakadamiens Handlingar, ser. 4, 11(1):437-56 295(20)
21 Sherwin Carlquist (1966)
The Biota of Long-Distance Dispersal, I: Principles of Dispersal and Evolution
The Quarterly Review of Biology 41:247-70 315(24)
22 George Gaylord Simpson (1940)
Mammals and Land Bridges
Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 30:137-63 339(27)
23 Anthony Hallam (1967)
The Bearing of Certain Palaeozoogeographic Data on Continental Drift
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 3:201-41 366(41)
24 Philip J. Darlington Jr. (1965)
Excerpt from Biogeography of the Southern End of the World
Cambridge: Harvard University Press 407(12)
25 Larry G. Marshall, S. David Webb, J. John Sepkoski Jr., and David M. Raup (1982)
Mammalian Evolution and the Great American Interchange
Science 215:1351-57 419(7)
26 Francis Dov Por (1971)
One Hundred Years of Suez Canal-A Century of Lessepsian Migration: Retrospect and Viewpoints
Systematic Zoology 20:138-59 426(23)
PART THREE Species Ranges
Robert Hengeveld, Paul S. Giller and Brett R. Riddle 449(1)
27 Joseph Grinnell (1922)
The Role of the "Accidental"
Auk 39:373-80 456(8)
28 Eric Hult茅n (1937)
Excerpts from Outline of the History of Arctic and Boreal Biota during the Quarternary Period
Stockholm: J. Cramer 464(49)
29 Evgenii Vladimirovitch Wulff (1943)
Excerpt from An Introduction to Historical Plant Geography
Translated by Elizabeth Brissenden. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica 513(23)
30 Jeremy D. Holloway and Nicholas Jardine (1968)
Two Approaches to Zoogeography: A Study Based on the Distributions of Butterflies, Birds and Bats in the Indo-Australian Area
Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of London 179:153-88 536(39)
31 Charles S. Elton (1958)
Excerpt from The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
London: Methuen and Co. 575(19)
32 Daniel H. Janzen (1967)
Why Mountain Passes are Higher in the Tropics
American Naturalist 101:233-49 594(17)
33 Philip V. Wells and Rainer Berger (1967)
Late Pleistocene History of Coniferous Woodland in the Mohave Desert
Science 155:1640-47 611(8)
34 John R. Flenley (1979)
The Late Quaternary Vegetational History of the Equatorial Mountains
Progress in Physical Geography 3:488-509 619(22)
35 Paul S. Martin (1973)
The Discovery of America
Science 179:969-74 641(6)
PART FOUR Revolutions in Historical Biogeography
Vicki A. Funk 647(1)
36 Lars Brundin (1966)
Excerpt from Transantarctic Relationships and Their Significance, as Evidenced by Chironomid Midges
Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakadamiens Handlingar, ser, 4, 11(1):46-64 658(21)
37 Willi Hennig (1966)
Excerpt from Phylogenetic Systematics
Urbana: University of Illinois Press 679(7)
38 Gareth J. Nelson (1969)
The Problem of Historical Biogeography
Systematic Zoology 18:243-46 686(4)
39 Leon Croizat (1962)
Excerpt from Space, Time, Form: The Biological Synthesis
Caracas: Published by the author 690(15)
40 Leon Croizat, Gareth J. Nelson and Donn Eric Rosen (1974)
Centers of Origin and Related Concepts
Systematic Zoology 23:265-87 705(23)
41 Gareth J. Nelson (1974)
Historical Biogeography: An Alternative Formalization
Systematic Zoology 23:555-58 728(4)
42 Norman I. Platnick and Gareth J. Nelson (1978)
A Method of Analysis for Historical Biogeography
Systematic Zoology 27:1-46 732(16)
43 Donn E. Rosen (1978)
Vicariant Patterns and Historical Explanation in Biogeography
Systematic Zoology 27:159-88 748(31)
PART FIVE Diversification
Lawrence R. Heaney and Geerat Vermeij 779(1)
44 Bernard Rensch (1960)
Excerpt from Evolution above the Species Level
New York: Columbia University Press 789(22)
45 Ernst Mayr (1942)
Excerpt from Systematics and the Origin of Species
New York: Columbia University Press 811(22)
46 David Lack (1947)
Excerpts from Darwin's Finches
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 833(19)
47 Philip J. Darlington Jr. (1959)
Area, Climate, and Evolution
Evolution 13:488-510 852(23)
48 James W. Valentine (1969)
Patterns of Taxonomic and Ecological Structure of the Shelf Benthos during Phanerozoic Time
Palaeontology 12:684-709 875(26)
49 David M. Raup (1972)
Taxonomic Diversity during the Phanerozoic
Science 177:1065-71 901(7)
50 J眉rgen Haffer (1969)
Speciation in Amazonian Forest Birds
Science 165:131-37 908(7)
51 Guy L. Bush (1969)
Sympatric Host Race Formation and Speciation in Frugivorous Flies of the Genus Rhagoletis (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Evolution 23:237-51 915(16)
PART SIX The Importance of Islands
Robert J. Whittaker 931(1)
52 Olof Arrhenius (1921)
Species and Area
Journal of Ecology 9:95-99 942(5)
53 Edward O. Wilson (1959)
Adaptive Shift and Dispersal in a Tropical Ant Fauna
Evolution, 13:122-44 947(23)
54 Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson (1963)
An Equilibrium Theory of Insular Zoogeography
Evolution 17:373-87 970(15)
55 Daniel S. Simberloff and Edward O. Wilson (1970)
Experimental Zoogeography of Islands: A Two-Year Record of Colonization
Ecology 51:934-37 985(4)
56 James H. Brown (1971)
Mammals on Mountaintops: Nonequilibrium Insular Biogeography
The American Naturalist 105:467-78 989(12)
57 Jared M. Diamond (1974)
Colonization of Exploded Volcanic Islands by Birds: The Supertramp Strategy
Science 184:803-6 1001(4)
58 Jared M. Diamond (1975)
The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves
Biological Conservation 7:129-46 1005(18)
59 Storrs L. Olson and Helen F. James (1982)
Fossil Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Evidence for Wholesale Extinction by Man before Western Contact
Science 217:633-35 1023(4)
PART SEVEN Assembly Rules
Nicholas J. Gotelli 1027(1)
60 Philip J. Darlington Jr. (1957)
Excerpt from Zoogeography: The Geographic Distribution of Animals
New York: Wiley 1036(5)
61 Charles S. Elton (1946)
Competition and the Structure of Ecological Communities
Journal of Animal Ecology 15:54-68 1041(15)
62 Carrington Bonsor Williams (1947)
The Generic Relations of Species in Small Ecological Communities
Journal of Animal Ecology 16:11-18 1056(8)
63 Robert H. Whittaker (1967)
Gradient Analysis of Vegetation
Biological Reviews 42:207-64 1064(58)
64 Robert H. MacArthur (1972)
Excerpts from Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distributions of Species
New York: Harper and Row 1122(5)
65 Jared M. Diamond (1975)
Excerpt from Assembly of Species Communities
In Ecology and Evolution of Communities, ed. M.L. Cody and J.M. Diamond. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1127(8)
66 Edward F. Connor and Daniel S. Simberloff (1979)
The Assembly of Species Communities: Chance or Competition?
Ecology 60:1132-40 1135(10)
PART EIGHT Gradients in Species Diversity: Why Are There So Many Species in the Tropics?
James H. Brown and Dov F. Sax 1145(1)
67 Theodosius Dobzhansky (1950)
Evolution in the Tropics
American Scientist 38:209-21 1155(13)
68 Alfred G. Fischer (1960)
Latitudinal Variations in Organic Diversity
Evolution 14:64-81 1168(18)
69 George Gaylord Simpson (1964)
Species Density of North American Recent Mammals
Systematic Zoology 13:57-73 1186(17)
70 Eric R. Pianka (1966)
Latitudinal Gradients in Species Diversity: A Review of Concepts
The American Naturalist 100:33-46 1203(14)
71 Robert H. MacArthur (1972)
Excerpts from Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species
New York: Harper and Row 1217(37)
72 Robert H. Whittaker and William A. Niering (1975)
Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, V: Biomass, Production and Diversity along the Elevation Gradient
Ecology 56: 771-90 1254(21)
References 1275(12)
List of Contributors 1287(2)
Index 1289
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