Large animal internal medicine / 4th ed.
副标题：无
作 者：[edited by] Bradford P. Smith.
分类号：
ISBN：9780323042970
微信扫一扫,移动浏览光盘
简介
Large Animal Internal Medicine, 4th Edition features a problem-based approach with discussions of over 150 clinical signs. This is the first internal medicine reference that enables you to efficiently diagnose horses, cattle, sheep, and goats based on clinical observation and laboratory and diagnostic testing. With this user-friendly format, you can find essential information about specific diseases and reach a diagnosis by simply identifying the signs.
A unique problem-based approach with discussions of over 150 clinical signs and manifestations helps you quickly reach a diagnosis based on observations and laboratory tests. Causes of Presenting Signs boxes provide easy access to complete lists of common, less common, and uncommon diseases associated with manifestations or signs of disease. Complete lists of diseases associated with a given lab abnormality in Causes of Abnormal Laboratory Values boxes help you easily interpret abnormalities in clinical chemistry, hematology, blood proteins, and clotting tests. An expert team of over 180 authors contributing information in their areas of expertise ensures you are using the most accurate and up-to-date information available. Color plates accompanying Diseases of the Eye and Diseases of the Alimentary Tract enable you to visually recognize the clinical appearance of ophthalmologic conditions and alimentary tract disorders for quick and easy diagnosis and treatment.
Six all-new chapters provide in-depth coverage of diagnostic testing, critical care and fluid therapy, biosecurity and infection control, and genetic disorders.
目录
Front Cover 1
Large Animal Internal Medicine 4
Copyright Page 5
Contributors 8
Dedication 18
Preface 20
CONTENT 20
PROBLEM-ORIENTED APPROACH TO DISEASE DIAGNOSIS 20
ORGANIZATION 20
POPULAR FEATURES RETAINED 21
NEW TO THIS EDITION 21
INDEX 21
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 21
Use of the Consultant Diagnostic Database for Development of This Textbook 24
Contents 26
Detailed Contents 28
PART ONE: HISTORY, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, AND MEDICAL RECORDS 48
CHAPTER 1. Ruminant History, Physical Examination, and Records 50
OBTAINING THE HISTORY 50
EXAMINATION 50
MEDICAL RECORD 59
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS THAT CAN BE APPLIED IN THE FIELD 59
INSURANCE, INTERSTATE, AND PREPURCHASE HEALTH EXAMINATIONS 59
CHAPTER 2. Equine History, Physical Examination, and Records 62
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION RECORD 62
EQUINE INSURANCE 62
HISTORY 62
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 63
MEDICAL RECORD 65
PART TWO: MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE 68
CHAPTER 3. Pain 70
ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF PAIN 70
PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF PAIN 73
CHAPTER 4. Alterations in Body Temperature 79
CONTROL OF BODY TEMPERATURE 79
CONDITIONS OF INCREASED BODY TEMPERATURE 79
FEVER 80
FEVERS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN 83
HYPOTHERMIA 87
CHAPTER 5. Alterations in Respiratory Function 89
COUGH 89
NASAL DISCHARGE 97
EPISTAXIS AND HEMOPTYSIS 103
TACHYPNEA 107
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS (DYSPNEA) 107
CYANOSIS 115
ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY NOISE (STRIDOR) 118
EXERCISE INTOLERANCE AND POOR PERFORMANCE IN HORSES 123
CHAPTER 6. Alterations in Cardiovascular and Hemolymphatic Systems 130
PERIPHERAL EDEMA, PLEURAL EFFUSION, ASCITES 130
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 133
CARDIAC MURMURS 135
MUFFLED HEART SOUNDS 136
CARDIOVASCULAR EXERCISE INTOLERANCE, WEAKNESS, AND SYNCOPE 137
VENOUS DISTENTION AND PULSATIONS 138
PAINFUL PERIPHERAL SWELLINGS 140
ENLARGED LYMPH NODES 140
ABNORMAL PERIPHERAL PULSE 141
CHAPTER 7. Alterations in Alimentary and Hepatic Function 143
DIARRHEA 143
COLIC 149
MELENA 153
BLOOD, FIBRIN, AND/OR MUCUS IN FECES (DYSENTERY) 154
ABDOMINAL DISTENTION AND CONSTIPATION 155
REGURGITATION AND VOMITING 156
DYSPHAGIA (INCLUDING FEED FROM NARES AND EXCESSIVE SALIVATION) 158
ORAL VESICLES, EROSIONS, ULCERS, OR GROWTHS 159
DENTAL ABNORMALITIES 161
ICTERUS (JAUNDICE) 162
CHAPTER 8. Localization and Differentiation of Neurologic Diseases 164
DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASES 167
NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION 169
LOCALIZATION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS 181
LOCALIZATION OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASES BY MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS 181
CHAPTER 9. Alterations in Body Weight or Size 194
MECHANISMS OF DECREASED GROWTH AND DECREASED WEIGHT GAIN 194
WEIGHT LOSS 203
OBESITY 211
PICA 216
CHAPTER 10. Alterations in Urinary Function 217
DYSURIA AND STRANGURIA 217
HEMATURIA AND PIGMENTURIA 219
PYURIA 221
CRYSTALLURIA 222
POLYURIA 223
ANURIA AND OLIGURIA 224
UREMIA 224
CHAPTER 11. Alterations in the Skin 225
GENERAL APPROACH TO DISEASES THAT ALTER THE SKIN 225
PRURITUS 230
NODULES, TUMORS, AND SWELLINGS 232
ULCERATIONS AND EROSIONS 233
PAPULES, PUSTULES, AND VESICLES 233
SCALING AND CRUSTING 235
ABNORMAL COAT LENGTH AND DENSITY 236
ABNORMAL PIGMENTATION 238
CHAPTER 12. Alterations in Sexual Function 241
ALTERATIONS IN MALE SEXUAL FUNCTION 241
CYCLIC IRREGULARITY 245
ANESTRUS 246
REPEAT BREEDER 248
PREGNANCY LOSS 250
FESCUE TOXICOSIS 254
PROLONGED GESTATION 256
DYSTOCIA 257
RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES 259
ALTERATIONS IN LACTATION 261
CHAPTER 13. Musculoskeletal Abnormalities 264
LAMENESS AND STIFFNESS 264
POSTURAL DEFORMITIES 270
SWELLINGS AND ENLARGEMENTS (SOFT AND HARD TISSUE) 272
PARESIS AND WEAKNESS 274
MUSCLE SPASMS AND MYOCLONUS 277
CHAPTER 14. Collapse and Sudden Death 279
COLLAPSE VS. SUDDEN DEATH 279
CAUSES OF COLLAPSE AND SUDDEN DEATH 280
PART THREE: DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NEONATE 288
CHAPTER 15. The Peripartum Period 290
THE PERIPARTUM EQUINE 290
THE PERIPARTUM RUMINANT 295
CHAPTER 16. Perinatal Adaptation, Asphyxia, and Resuscitation 299
PERINATAL ADAPTATION 299
ACUTE ASPHYXIA IN THE NEONATE 300
RESUSCITATION OF THE NEONATE 305
CHAPTER 17. Initial Management and Physical Examination of the Neonate 309
APPROACH TO THE HIGH-RISK OR COMPROMISED NEONATAL FOAL 309
EXAMINATION OF THE POSTPARTUM MARE AND PLACENTA 309
RESTRAINT OF THE FOAL 310
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF FOALS 311
POSTPARTUM ASSESSMENT, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, AND CARE OF NEWBORN RUMINANTS 321
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 322
CHAPTER 18. Neonatal Infection 328
ETIOLOGY AND NEONATAL IMMUNITY 328
PATHOGENESIS OF SEPSIS 329
INFECTIOUS AGENTS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL DISEASE 330
CLINICAL SIGNS 330
DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL INFECTION IN NEONATES 331
THERAPY FOR BACTERIAL INFECTION 332
PROGNOSIS AND COMPLICATIONS OF SEPTICEMIA AND RELATED INFECTIONS 339
CHAPTER 19. Manifestations and Management of Disease in Foals 340
MATURITY 340
WEAKNESS AND/OR DEPRESSION 345
SEIZURES 346
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 348
DISTENDED AND/OR PAINFUL ABDOMEN 353
DIARRHEA IN NEONATAL FOALS 362
LAMENESS AND RECLUCTANCE TO WALK 366
PATENT URACHUS, OMPHALITS, AND OTHER UNBILICAL ABNORMALITIES 368
ANEMIA AND ICTERUS 369
FEVER 369
CYANOSIS 370
OLIGURIA AND STRANGURIA 370
HEART MURMUR 371
SUPPORTIVE CARE OF THE ABNORMAL NEONATE 372
NOSOCOMIAL AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS 377
CHAPTER 20. Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Ruminants 380
WEAKNESS AND/OR DEPRESSED MENTATION 380
RESPITORY CONDITIONS 383
ABDOMINAL DISTENTION 386
DIARRHEA 387
LAMENESS AND RELUCTANCE TO WALK 410
UMBILICAL ENLARGEMENT 411
ANEMIA 411
FEVER 412
CYANOSIS 412
HEART MURMUR 413
ICTERUS 413
FAILURE TO THRIVE: CACHEXIA AND WEAK CALF SYNDROME 413
CHAPTER 21. Colostrum Substitutes and Milk Replacers 414
CALVES 414
FOALS 418
LAMBS AND KIDS 419
PART FOUR: COLLECTION OF SAMPLES AND INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY TEST 420
CHAPTER 22. Clinical Chemistry Tests 422
SUBMISSION OF LABORATORY SAMPLES 422
SOURCES OF VARIATION IN NORMAL VALUES 424
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 427
ACID-BASE IMBALANCE 433
SERUM ENZYMES 437
BILIRUBIN 439
GLUCOSE 440
CREATININE 441
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN 441
SERUM PROTEIN 442
URINALYSIS 442
CHAPTER 23. Collection and Submission of Samples for Cytologic and Hematologic Studies 445
BLOOD 445
BONE MARROW 446
LYMPH NODE ASPIRATES 446
CHAPTER 24. Alterations in the Erythron 447
ANEMIA 447
ERYTHROCYTOSIS (POLYCYTHEMIA) 451
CHAPTER 25. Alterations in the Leukogram 452
LEUKOCYTES 452
EOSINOPHILS 453
BASOPHILS 453
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LEUKOGRAM INTERPRETATION 454
APPROACH TO INTERPRETATION OF THE LEUKOGRAM IN HORSES 456
APPROACH TO INTERPRETATION OF THE LEUKOGRAM IN RUMINANTS 457
CHAPTER 26. Alterations in Blood Proteins 458
HYPERPROTEINEMIA 458
HYPOPROTEINEMIA 461
ALTERATIONS IN PLASMA FIBRINOGEN 462
CHAPTER 27. Alterations in the Clotting Profile 464
THROMBOCYTOPENIA 464
PROLONGED PROTHROMBIN TIME 464
PROLONGED ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME 466
ELEVATED FIBRIN AND FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS 466
REDUCED PLASMA ANTITHROMBIN III 467
HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA 467
OTHER TESTS OF HEMOSTATIC FUNCTION 468
CHAPTER 28. Collection and Analysis of Bone Marrow 469
BACKGROUND 469
INDICATIONS FOR BONE MARROW ASPIRATION OR BIOPSY 469
BONE MARROW COLLECTION 470
BONE MARROW EVALUATION 479
CHAPTER 29. Molecular Diagnostics in Large Animals 483
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS INLARGE ANIMALS 483
MOLECULAR TESTING FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN HORSES 488
MOLECULAR TESTING FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CATTLE, SHEEP, AND GOATS 493
PART FIVE: DISORDERS OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS 498
CHAPTER 30. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 500
PERFORMING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 500
USE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN LARGE ANIMALS 501
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN LARGE ANIMALS 503
CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 504
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE 510
BRISKET DISEASE: COR PULMONALE AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION 515
MYOCARDIAL DISEASE: MYOCARDITIS AND CARDIOMYOPATHY 516
PERICARDITIS 521
CARDIAC TUMORS 525
VASCULAR DISEASE: ANEURYSMS, THROMBOSIS, EMBOLISM 526
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION 530
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA 533
CHAPTER 31. Diseases of the Respiratory System 537
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES FOR THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 537
EQUINE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 547
RUMINANT RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 638
CHAPTER 32. Diseases of the Alimentary Tract 714
DISEASES OF THE EQUINE ALIMENTARY TRACT 714
RUMINANT ALIMENTARY DISEASE 826
CHAPTER 33. Diseases of the Hepatobiliary System 940
DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER DISEASE 940
INFECTIOUS, TOXIC, AND PARASITIC LIVER DISEASE 945
HEPATIC LIPIDOSIS 959
CONGENITAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA 965
MISCELLANEOUS LIVER DISEASES 966
DISEASES OF THE GALLBLADDER 968
THERAPY OF LIVER FAILURE 968
PANCREATIC DISEASE 970
CHAPTER 34. Diseases of the Renal System 972
EQUINE RENAL SYSTEM 972
RUMINANT RENAL SYSTEM 996
CHAPTER 35. Diseases of the Nervous System 1019
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 1019
DISEASES PRODUCING CORTICAL SIGNS 1022
CHAPTER 36. Mammary Gland Health and Disorders 1159
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MAMMARY GLAND 1159
DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE MAMMARY GLAND 1159
INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION AND MASTITIS 1161
CONTAGIOUS VS. ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS 1163
PATHOGEN DETECTION 1165
SPECIFIC MASTITIS INFECTIONS 1168
OTHER MASTITIS PATHOGENS 1175
THERAPY OF CLINICAL MASTITIS 1177
MASTITIS IN HEIFERS 1181
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MASTITIS 1182
MASTITIS CONTROL 1184
MASTITIS IN SHEEP AND GOATS 1185
MASTITIS IN BEEF CATTLE 1187
MASTITIS IN HORSES 1188
MASTITIS IN SOUTH AMERICAN CAMELIDS 1188
UDDER EDEMA 1189
BLOODY MILK 1189
COLOSTROGENESIS AND COLOSTRAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TRANSPORT 1189
CHAPTER 37. Diseases of the Hematopoietic and Hemolymphatic Systems 1191
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD LOSS OR HEMOSTATIC DYSFUNCTION 1191
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ERYTHROCYTE DESTRUCTION (HEMOLYTICANEMIA) 1201
DEPRESSION ANEMIA 1217
APLASTIC ANEMIA 1218
ERYTHROCYTOSIS (POLYCYTHEMIA) 1219
PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS OF LYMPHOID AND MYELOID SYSTEMS 1220
CHAPTER 38. Diseases of the Bones, Joints, and Connective Tissues 1236
PHYSITIS (EPIPHYSITIS) 1236
OSTEOCHONDROSIS 1237
ANGULAR LIMB DEFORMITIES 1240
SPIDER LAMB SYNDROME (OVINE HEREDITARY CHONDRODYSPLASIA) 1244
SEPTIC (INFECTIOUS) ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS 1246
MYCOPLASMA MYCOIDES POLYARTHRITIS OF GOATS 1251
CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS 1253
OSTEOARTHRITIS 1254
SPRAINS, SUBLUXATIONS, AND LUXATIONS 1257
ARTHROGRYPOSIS 1258
ANKYLOSIS 1259
OSTEOMYELITIS 1260
NAVICULAR DISEASE (PALMAR FOOT PAIN) 1263
SPONDYLITIS 1269
SPONDYLOSIS 1270
LAMINITIS (FOUNDER) 1271
FLUOROSIS 1278
HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOPATHY 1280
FESCUE FOOT 1281
INTERDIGITAL NECROBACILLOSIS (FOOT ROT) IN CATTLE 1281
INFECTIOUS FOOT ROT IN SHEEP AND GOATS 1283
OTHER INFECTIOUS CONDITIONS OF THE FOOT 1286
FISTULOUS WITHERS 1291
FLEXURAL LIMB DEFORMITIES 1292
TENDINITIS 1294
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT DESMITIS 1296
FRACTURES 1297
SPONTANEOUS FRACTURES IN RUMINANTS 1301
BUCKED SHINS AND STRESS FRACTURES OF THE METACARPUS IN THE HORSE 1302
CHAPTER 39. Diseases of the Eye 1306
OPHTHALMIC HISTORY AND EXAMINATION 1306
SIGNS OF OCULAR DISEASE 1312
OCULAR TRAUMA 1316
INFECTIOUS OCULAR DISEASES 1321
IMMUNE-MEDIATED OCULAR DISEASES 1335
OCULAR NEOPLASIA 1346
CHAPTER 40. Diseases of the Skin 1353
IMMUNE-MEDIATED SKIN DISORDERS 1353
HYPERSENSITIVITY DISORDERS 1354
BACTERIAL DISEASES 1359
VIRAL DISEASES 1363
FUNGAL DISEASES 1365
PARASITIC SKIN DISEASES 1367
TUMORS AND CYSTS 1374
FROSTBITE 1379
SKIN DISORDERS OF UNKNOWN OR GENETIC ORIGIN 1379
CHAPTER 41. Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 1386
EQUINE ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISEASES 1386
BOVINE METABOLIC DISORDERS 1411
CHAPTER 42. Diseases of Muscles 1435
EXAMINATION OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1435
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLE DISORDERS 1438
DISORDERS OF MUSCLE TONE 1440
NONEXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS 1447
EXERTIONAL MYOPATHIES IN HORSES 1458
CHAPTER 43. Diseases of the Reproductive System 1466
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS 1466
MALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS 1516
PART SIX: PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIS 1532
CHAPTER 44. Critical Care and Fluid Therapy for Horses 1534
EQUINE FLUID PHYSIOLOGY 1534
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR FLUID THERAPY IN CRITICAL CARE 1536
CRITICAL CARE AND FLUID THERAPY MONITORING TECHNIQUES 1537
FLUID THERAPY FOR SPECIFIC DISEASES AND DISORDERS 1538
CHAPTER 45. Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy 1553
PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY 1553
PROPHYLACTIC OR METAPHYLACTIC USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS 1564
EXTRALABEL USE OF MEDICATIONS IN FOOD ANIMALS 1566
CHAPTER 46. Biosecurity and Infection Control for Large Animal Practices 1571
HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? HOW MUCH IS TOO LITTLE? 1571
PRINCIPLES OF INFECTION CONTROL 1572
ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 1573
HAND HYGIENE 1576
BARRIER PROTOCOLS AND PROTECTIVE ATTIRE 1578
ANIMAL MOVEMENT AND HOUSING 1580
SURVEILLANCE 1582
EDUCATION AND AWARENESS 1584
INTERVENTION AND INVESTIGATION OF NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS 1585
INFECTION CONTROL ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIFIC PATHOGENS 1593
CHAPTER 47. Prevention, Detection, and Response to Foreign Animal Diseases 1598
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL VETERINARY ACCREDITATION PROGRAM 1599
OVERVIEW OF A FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE INVESTIGATION AND RESPONSE 1600
PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 1600
DETECTION 1601
RESPONSE, MANAGEMENT, AND CONTROL 1602
RECOVERY 1602
THE FUTURE OF FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE DETECTION AND RESPONSE 1603
CHAPTER 48. Use of Biologics in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases 1604
EQUINE VACCINATION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL 1604
OVINE AND CAPRINE VACCINATION PROGRAMS 1634
BOVINE VACCINES AND HERD VACCINATION PROGRAMS 1638
BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE VACCINES 1645
BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHEA VIRUS VACCINES 1650
PARAINFLUENZA TYPE 3 VIRUS VACCINES 1653
MANNHEIMIA (PASTEURELLA) HAEMOLYTICA, PASTEURELL AMULTOCIDA, AND HISTOPHILUS SOMNI (HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS) 1654
BOVINE REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE VACCINES 1657
NEONATAL CALF ENTERIC DISEASE VACCINES 1659
BACTERIAL SCOURS VACCINES 1662
MISCELLANEOUS BOVINE RICKETTSIAL, BACTERIAL, AND VIRAL DISEASE VACCINES 1667
CHAPTER 49. Parasite Control Programs 1670
EQUINE PARASITIC DISEASE 1670
GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN CATTLE 1679
GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN SHEEP AND GOATS 1681
LUNGWORM INFECTION IN LARGE ANIMALS 1686
EVALUATION OF PARASITE CONTROL PROGRAMS 1689
ANTHELMINTIC USE 1691
ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS 1691
COCCIDIOSIS IN FOOD ANIMALS 1692
CHAPTER 50. Nutrition of the Sick Animal 1695
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS 1695
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF LARGE ANIMALS DURING CLINICAL ILLNESS 1696
ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION 1696
LIQUID DIETS FOR HORSES 1696
LIQUID DIETS FOR RUMINANTS 1698
INTRAVENOUS FEEDING 1698
PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN HORSES 1700
PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN RUMINANTS 1701
SPECIAL DIETS 1701
PART SEVEN: CONGENITAL, HEREDITARY, IMMUNOLOGIC, AND TOXIC DISORDERS 1702
CHAPTER 51. Genetic Disorders 1704
INHERITED DISEASES 1704
GENETIC INFORMATION 1704
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SELECTION 1706
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES 1706
BREEDING SCHEMES: TEST MATINGS 1706
OBTAINING GENETIC INFORMATION 1706
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BREEDING PROGRAMS 1706
CHAPTER 52. Genetic Tests for Large Animals 1707
INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION AND PARENTAGE TESTING 1707
DISEASE TESTING 1709
CHAPTER 53. Immunologic Disorders 1712
EQUINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES 1712
RUMINANT IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES 1724
DISEASES CAUSED BY ALLOGENEIC INCOMPATIBILITIES 1729
CHAPTER 54. Disorders Caused by Toxicants 1738
DIAGNOSIS OF POISONING 1738
TREATMENT OF POISONING 1739
PLANTS AND OTHER NATURAL TOXICANTS 1739
METALS AND OTHER INORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1756
TOXICOLOGY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1759
INDEX 1768
MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE 1869
Large Animal Internal Medicine 4
Copyright Page 5
Contributors 8
Dedication 18
Preface 20
CONTENT 20
PROBLEM-ORIENTED APPROACH TO DISEASE DIAGNOSIS 20
ORGANIZATION 20
POPULAR FEATURES RETAINED 21
NEW TO THIS EDITION 21
INDEX 21
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 21
Use of the Consultant Diagnostic Database for Development of This Textbook 24
Contents 26
Detailed Contents 28
PART ONE: HISTORY, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, AND MEDICAL RECORDS 48
CHAPTER 1. Ruminant History, Physical Examination, and Records 50
OBTAINING THE HISTORY 50
EXAMINATION 50
MEDICAL RECORD 59
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS THAT CAN BE APPLIED IN THE FIELD 59
INSURANCE, INTERSTATE, AND PREPURCHASE HEALTH EXAMINATIONS 59
CHAPTER 2. Equine History, Physical Examination, and Records 62
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION RECORD 62
EQUINE INSURANCE 62
HISTORY 62
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 63
MEDICAL RECORD 65
PART TWO: MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE 68
CHAPTER 3. Pain 70
ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF PAIN 70
PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF PAIN 73
CHAPTER 4. Alterations in Body Temperature 79
CONTROL OF BODY TEMPERATURE 79
CONDITIONS OF INCREASED BODY TEMPERATURE 79
FEVER 80
FEVERS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN 83
HYPOTHERMIA 87
CHAPTER 5. Alterations in Respiratory Function 89
COUGH 89
NASAL DISCHARGE 97
EPISTAXIS AND HEMOPTYSIS 103
TACHYPNEA 107
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS (DYSPNEA) 107
CYANOSIS 115
ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY NOISE (STRIDOR) 118
EXERCISE INTOLERANCE AND POOR PERFORMANCE IN HORSES 123
CHAPTER 6. Alterations in Cardiovascular and Hemolymphatic Systems 130
PERIPHERAL EDEMA, PLEURAL EFFUSION, ASCITES 130
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 133
CARDIAC MURMURS 135
MUFFLED HEART SOUNDS 136
CARDIOVASCULAR EXERCISE INTOLERANCE, WEAKNESS, AND SYNCOPE 137
VENOUS DISTENTION AND PULSATIONS 138
PAINFUL PERIPHERAL SWELLINGS 140
ENLARGED LYMPH NODES 140
ABNORMAL PERIPHERAL PULSE 141
CHAPTER 7. Alterations in Alimentary and Hepatic Function 143
DIARRHEA 143
COLIC 149
MELENA 153
BLOOD, FIBRIN, AND/OR MUCUS IN FECES (DYSENTERY) 154
ABDOMINAL DISTENTION AND CONSTIPATION 155
REGURGITATION AND VOMITING 156
DYSPHAGIA (INCLUDING FEED FROM NARES AND EXCESSIVE SALIVATION) 158
ORAL VESICLES, EROSIONS, ULCERS, OR GROWTHS 159
DENTAL ABNORMALITIES 161
ICTERUS (JAUNDICE) 162
CHAPTER 8. Localization and Differentiation of Neurologic Diseases 164
DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASES 167
NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION 169
LOCALIZATION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS 181
LOCALIZATION OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASES BY MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS 181
CHAPTER 9. Alterations in Body Weight or Size 194
MECHANISMS OF DECREASED GROWTH AND DECREASED WEIGHT GAIN 194
WEIGHT LOSS 203
OBESITY 211
PICA 216
CHAPTER 10. Alterations in Urinary Function 217
DYSURIA AND STRANGURIA 217
HEMATURIA AND PIGMENTURIA 219
PYURIA 221
CRYSTALLURIA 222
POLYURIA 223
ANURIA AND OLIGURIA 224
UREMIA 224
CHAPTER 11. Alterations in the Skin 225
GENERAL APPROACH TO DISEASES THAT ALTER THE SKIN 225
PRURITUS 230
NODULES, TUMORS, AND SWELLINGS 232
ULCERATIONS AND EROSIONS 233
PAPULES, PUSTULES, AND VESICLES 233
SCALING AND CRUSTING 235
ABNORMAL COAT LENGTH AND DENSITY 236
ABNORMAL PIGMENTATION 238
CHAPTER 12. Alterations in Sexual Function 241
ALTERATIONS IN MALE SEXUAL FUNCTION 241
CYCLIC IRREGULARITY 245
ANESTRUS 246
REPEAT BREEDER 248
PREGNANCY LOSS 250
FESCUE TOXICOSIS 254
PROLONGED GESTATION 256
DYSTOCIA 257
RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES 259
ALTERATIONS IN LACTATION 261
CHAPTER 13. Musculoskeletal Abnormalities 264
LAMENESS AND STIFFNESS 264
POSTURAL DEFORMITIES 270
SWELLINGS AND ENLARGEMENTS (SOFT AND HARD TISSUE) 272
PARESIS AND WEAKNESS 274
MUSCLE SPASMS AND MYOCLONUS 277
CHAPTER 14. Collapse and Sudden Death 279
COLLAPSE VS. SUDDEN DEATH 279
CAUSES OF COLLAPSE AND SUDDEN DEATH 280
PART THREE: DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NEONATE 288
CHAPTER 15. The Peripartum Period 290
THE PERIPARTUM EQUINE 290
THE PERIPARTUM RUMINANT 295
CHAPTER 16. Perinatal Adaptation, Asphyxia, and Resuscitation 299
PERINATAL ADAPTATION 299
ACUTE ASPHYXIA IN THE NEONATE 300
RESUSCITATION OF THE NEONATE 305
CHAPTER 17. Initial Management and Physical Examination of the Neonate 309
APPROACH TO THE HIGH-RISK OR COMPROMISED NEONATAL FOAL 309
EXAMINATION OF THE POSTPARTUM MARE AND PLACENTA 309
RESTRAINT OF THE FOAL 310
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF FOALS 311
POSTPARTUM ASSESSMENT, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, AND CARE OF NEWBORN RUMINANTS 321
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 322
CHAPTER 18. Neonatal Infection 328
ETIOLOGY AND NEONATAL IMMUNITY 328
PATHOGENESIS OF SEPSIS 329
INFECTIOUS AGENTS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL DISEASE 330
CLINICAL SIGNS 330
DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL INFECTION IN NEONATES 331
THERAPY FOR BACTERIAL INFECTION 332
PROGNOSIS AND COMPLICATIONS OF SEPTICEMIA AND RELATED INFECTIONS 339
CHAPTER 19. Manifestations and Management of Disease in Foals 340
MATURITY 340
WEAKNESS AND/OR DEPRESSION 345
SEIZURES 346
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 348
DISTENDED AND/OR PAINFUL ABDOMEN 353
DIARRHEA IN NEONATAL FOALS 362
LAMENESS AND RECLUCTANCE TO WALK 366
PATENT URACHUS, OMPHALITS, AND OTHER UNBILICAL ABNORMALITIES 368
ANEMIA AND ICTERUS 369
FEVER 369
CYANOSIS 370
OLIGURIA AND STRANGURIA 370
HEART MURMUR 371
SUPPORTIVE CARE OF THE ABNORMAL NEONATE 372
NOSOCOMIAL AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS 377
CHAPTER 20. Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Ruminants 380
WEAKNESS AND/OR DEPRESSED MENTATION 380
RESPITORY CONDITIONS 383
ABDOMINAL DISTENTION 386
DIARRHEA 387
LAMENESS AND RELUCTANCE TO WALK 410
UMBILICAL ENLARGEMENT 411
ANEMIA 411
FEVER 412
CYANOSIS 412
HEART MURMUR 413
ICTERUS 413
FAILURE TO THRIVE: CACHEXIA AND WEAK CALF SYNDROME 413
CHAPTER 21. Colostrum Substitutes and Milk Replacers 414
CALVES 414
FOALS 418
LAMBS AND KIDS 419
PART FOUR: COLLECTION OF SAMPLES AND INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY TEST 420
CHAPTER 22. Clinical Chemistry Tests 422
SUBMISSION OF LABORATORY SAMPLES 422
SOURCES OF VARIATION IN NORMAL VALUES 424
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 427
ACID-BASE IMBALANCE 433
SERUM ENZYMES 437
BILIRUBIN 439
GLUCOSE 440
CREATININE 441
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN 441
SERUM PROTEIN 442
URINALYSIS 442
CHAPTER 23. Collection and Submission of Samples for Cytologic and Hematologic Studies 445
BLOOD 445
BONE MARROW 446
LYMPH NODE ASPIRATES 446
CHAPTER 24. Alterations in the Erythron 447
ANEMIA 447
ERYTHROCYTOSIS (POLYCYTHEMIA) 451
CHAPTER 25. Alterations in the Leukogram 452
LEUKOCYTES 452
EOSINOPHILS 453
BASOPHILS 453
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LEUKOGRAM INTERPRETATION 454
APPROACH TO INTERPRETATION OF THE LEUKOGRAM IN HORSES 456
APPROACH TO INTERPRETATION OF THE LEUKOGRAM IN RUMINANTS 457
CHAPTER 26. Alterations in Blood Proteins 458
HYPERPROTEINEMIA 458
HYPOPROTEINEMIA 461
ALTERATIONS IN PLASMA FIBRINOGEN 462
CHAPTER 27. Alterations in the Clotting Profile 464
THROMBOCYTOPENIA 464
PROLONGED PROTHROMBIN TIME 464
PROLONGED ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME 466
ELEVATED FIBRIN AND FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS 466
REDUCED PLASMA ANTITHROMBIN III 467
HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA 467
OTHER TESTS OF HEMOSTATIC FUNCTION 468
CHAPTER 28. Collection and Analysis of Bone Marrow 469
BACKGROUND 469
INDICATIONS FOR BONE MARROW ASPIRATION OR BIOPSY 469
BONE MARROW COLLECTION 470
BONE MARROW EVALUATION 479
CHAPTER 29. Molecular Diagnostics in Large Animals 483
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS INLARGE ANIMALS 483
MOLECULAR TESTING FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN HORSES 488
MOLECULAR TESTING FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CATTLE, SHEEP, AND GOATS 493
PART FIVE: DISORDERS OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS 498
CHAPTER 30. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 500
PERFORMING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 500
USE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN LARGE ANIMALS 501
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN LARGE ANIMALS 503
CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 504
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE 510
BRISKET DISEASE: COR PULMONALE AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION 515
MYOCARDIAL DISEASE: MYOCARDITIS AND CARDIOMYOPATHY 516
PERICARDITIS 521
CARDIAC TUMORS 525
VASCULAR DISEASE: ANEURYSMS, THROMBOSIS, EMBOLISM 526
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION 530
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA 533
CHAPTER 31. Diseases of the Respiratory System 537
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES FOR THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 537
EQUINE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 547
RUMINANT RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 638
CHAPTER 32. Diseases of the Alimentary Tract 714
DISEASES OF THE EQUINE ALIMENTARY TRACT 714
RUMINANT ALIMENTARY DISEASE 826
CHAPTER 33. Diseases of the Hepatobiliary System 940
DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER DISEASE 940
INFECTIOUS, TOXIC, AND PARASITIC LIVER DISEASE 945
HEPATIC LIPIDOSIS 959
CONGENITAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA 965
MISCELLANEOUS LIVER DISEASES 966
DISEASES OF THE GALLBLADDER 968
THERAPY OF LIVER FAILURE 968
PANCREATIC DISEASE 970
CHAPTER 34. Diseases of the Renal System 972
EQUINE RENAL SYSTEM 972
RUMINANT RENAL SYSTEM 996
CHAPTER 35. Diseases of the Nervous System 1019
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 1019
DISEASES PRODUCING CORTICAL SIGNS 1022
CHAPTER 36. Mammary Gland Health and Disorders 1159
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MAMMARY GLAND 1159
DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE MAMMARY GLAND 1159
INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION AND MASTITIS 1161
CONTAGIOUS VS. ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS 1163
PATHOGEN DETECTION 1165
SPECIFIC MASTITIS INFECTIONS 1168
OTHER MASTITIS PATHOGENS 1175
THERAPY OF CLINICAL MASTITIS 1177
MASTITIS IN HEIFERS 1181
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MASTITIS 1182
MASTITIS CONTROL 1184
MASTITIS IN SHEEP AND GOATS 1185
MASTITIS IN BEEF CATTLE 1187
MASTITIS IN HORSES 1188
MASTITIS IN SOUTH AMERICAN CAMELIDS 1188
UDDER EDEMA 1189
BLOODY MILK 1189
COLOSTROGENESIS AND COLOSTRAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TRANSPORT 1189
CHAPTER 37. Diseases of the Hematopoietic and Hemolymphatic Systems 1191
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD LOSS OR HEMOSTATIC DYSFUNCTION 1191
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ERYTHROCYTE DESTRUCTION (HEMOLYTICANEMIA) 1201
DEPRESSION ANEMIA 1217
APLASTIC ANEMIA 1218
ERYTHROCYTOSIS (POLYCYTHEMIA) 1219
PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS OF LYMPHOID AND MYELOID SYSTEMS 1220
CHAPTER 38. Diseases of the Bones, Joints, and Connective Tissues 1236
PHYSITIS (EPIPHYSITIS) 1236
OSTEOCHONDROSIS 1237
ANGULAR LIMB DEFORMITIES 1240
SPIDER LAMB SYNDROME (OVINE HEREDITARY CHONDRODYSPLASIA) 1244
SEPTIC (INFECTIOUS) ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS 1246
MYCOPLASMA MYCOIDES POLYARTHRITIS OF GOATS 1251
CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS 1253
OSTEOARTHRITIS 1254
SPRAINS, SUBLUXATIONS, AND LUXATIONS 1257
ARTHROGRYPOSIS 1258
ANKYLOSIS 1259
OSTEOMYELITIS 1260
NAVICULAR DISEASE (PALMAR FOOT PAIN) 1263
SPONDYLITIS 1269
SPONDYLOSIS 1270
LAMINITIS (FOUNDER) 1271
FLUOROSIS 1278
HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOPATHY 1280
FESCUE FOOT 1281
INTERDIGITAL NECROBACILLOSIS (FOOT ROT) IN CATTLE 1281
INFECTIOUS FOOT ROT IN SHEEP AND GOATS 1283
OTHER INFECTIOUS CONDITIONS OF THE FOOT 1286
FISTULOUS WITHERS 1291
FLEXURAL LIMB DEFORMITIES 1292
TENDINITIS 1294
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT DESMITIS 1296
FRACTURES 1297
SPONTANEOUS FRACTURES IN RUMINANTS 1301
BUCKED SHINS AND STRESS FRACTURES OF THE METACARPUS IN THE HORSE 1302
CHAPTER 39. Diseases of the Eye 1306
OPHTHALMIC HISTORY AND EXAMINATION 1306
SIGNS OF OCULAR DISEASE 1312
OCULAR TRAUMA 1316
INFECTIOUS OCULAR DISEASES 1321
IMMUNE-MEDIATED OCULAR DISEASES 1335
OCULAR NEOPLASIA 1346
CHAPTER 40. Diseases of the Skin 1353
IMMUNE-MEDIATED SKIN DISORDERS 1353
HYPERSENSITIVITY DISORDERS 1354
BACTERIAL DISEASES 1359
VIRAL DISEASES 1363
FUNGAL DISEASES 1365
PARASITIC SKIN DISEASES 1367
TUMORS AND CYSTS 1374
FROSTBITE 1379
SKIN DISORDERS OF UNKNOWN OR GENETIC ORIGIN 1379
CHAPTER 41. Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 1386
EQUINE ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISEASES 1386
BOVINE METABOLIC DISORDERS 1411
CHAPTER 42. Diseases of Muscles 1435
EXAMINATION OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1435
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLE DISORDERS 1438
DISORDERS OF MUSCLE TONE 1440
NONEXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS 1447
EXERTIONAL MYOPATHIES IN HORSES 1458
CHAPTER 43. Diseases of the Reproductive System 1466
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS 1466
MALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS 1516
PART SIX: PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIS 1532
CHAPTER 44. Critical Care and Fluid Therapy for Horses 1534
EQUINE FLUID PHYSIOLOGY 1534
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR FLUID THERAPY IN CRITICAL CARE 1536
CRITICAL CARE AND FLUID THERAPY MONITORING TECHNIQUES 1537
FLUID THERAPY FOR SPECIFIC DISEASES AND DISORDERS 1538
CHAPTER 45. Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy 1553
PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY 1553
PROPHYLACTIC OR METAPHYLACTIC USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS 1564
EXTRALABEL USE OF MEDICATIONS IN FOOD ANIMALS 1566
CHAPTER 46. Biosecurity and Infection Control for Large Animal Practices 1571
HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? HOW MUCH IS TOO LITTLE? 1571
PRINCIPLES OF INFECTION CONTROL 1572
ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 1573
HAND HYGIENE 1576
BARRIER PROTOCOLS AND PROTECTIVE ATTIRE 1578
ANIMAL MOVEMENT AND HOUSING 1580
SURVEILLANCE 1582
EDUCATION AND AWARENESS 1584
INTERVENTION AND INVESTIGATION OF NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS 1585
INFECTION CONTROL ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIFIC PATHOGENS 1593
CHAPTER 47. Prevention, Detection, and Response to Foreign Animal Diseases 1598
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL VETERINARY ACCREDITATION PROGRAM 1599
OVERVIEW OF A FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE INVESTIGATION AND RESPONSE 1600
PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 1600
DETECTION 1601
RESPONSE, MANAGEMENT, AND CONTROL 1602
RECOVERY 1602
THE FUTURE OF FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE DETECTION AND RESPONSE 1603
CHAPTER 48. Use of Biologics in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases 1604
EQUINE VACCINATION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL 1604
OVINE AND CAPRINE VACCINATION PROGRAMS 1634
BOVINE VACCINES AND HERD VACCINATION PROGRAMS 1638
BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE VACCINES 1645
BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHEA VIRUS VACCINES 1650
PARAINFLUENZA TYPE 3 VIRUS VACCINES 1653
MANNHEIMIA (PASTEURELLA) HAEMOLYTICA, PASTEURELL AMULTOCIDA, AND HISTOPHILUS SOMNI (HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS) 1654
BOVINE REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE VACCINES 1657
NEONATAL CALF ENTERIC DISEASE VACCINES 1659
BACTERIAL SCOURS VACCINES 1662
MISCELLANEOUS BOVINE RICKETTSIAL, BACTERIAL, AND VIRAL DISEASE VACCINES 1667
CHAPTER 49. Parasite Control Programs 1670
EQUINE PARASITIC DISEASE 1670
GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN CATTLE 1679
GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN SHEEP AND GOATS 1681
LUNGWORM INFECTION IN LARGE ANIMALS 1686
EVALUATION OF PARASITE CONTROL PROGRAMS 1689
ANTHELMINTIC USE 1691
ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS 1691
COCCIDIOSIS IN FOOD ANIMALS 1692
CHAPTER 50. Nutrition of the Sick Animal 1695
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS 1695
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF LARGE ANIMALS DURING CLINICAL ILLNESS 1696
ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION 1696
LIQUID DIETS FOR HORSES 1696
LIQUID DIETS FOR RUMINANTS 1698
INTRAVENOUS FEEDING 1698
PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN HORSES 1700
PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN RUMINANTS 1701
SPECIAL DIETS 1701
PART SEVEN: CONGENITAL, HEREDITARY, IMMUNOLOGIC, AND TOXIC DISORDERS 1702
CHAPTER 51. Genetic Disorders 1704
INHERITED DISEASES 1704
GENETIC INFORMATION 1704
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SELECTION 1706
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES 1706
BREEDING SCHEMES: TEST MATINGS 1706
OBTAINING GENETIC INFORMATION 1706
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BREEDING PROGRAMS 1706
CHAPTER 52. Genetic Tests for Large Animals 1707
INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION AND PARENTAGE TESTING 1707
DISEASE TESTING 1709
CHAPTER 53. Immunologic Disorders 1712
EQUINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES 1712
RUMINANT IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES 1724
DISEASES CAUSED BY ALLOGENEIC INCOMPATIBILITIES 1729
CHAPTER 54. Disorders Caused by Toxicants 1738
DIAGNOSIS OF POISONING 1738
TREATMENT OF POISONING 1739
PLANTS AND OTHER NATURAL TOXICANTS 1739
METALS AND OTHER INORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1756
TOXICOLOGY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1759
INDEX 1768
MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE 1869
Large animal internal medicine / 4th ed.
- 名称
- 类型
- 大小
光盘服务联系方式: 020-38250260 客服QQ：4006604884
云图客服：
用户发送的提问，这种方式就需要有位在线客服来回答用户的问题，这种 就属于对话式的,问题是这种提问是否需要用户登录才能提问
Video Player
×
Audio Player
×
pdf Player
×
亲爱的云图用户，
光盘内的文件都可以直接点击浏览哦
无需下载，在线查阅资料！
