Global energy and water cycles /
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作 者：edited by K.A. Browning and R.J. Gurney.
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ISBN：9780521032858
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简介
The abundance of water in all three phases makes the Earth unique in the solar system. Knowledge of the fluxes and changes of phase of water are essential for an understanding of weather, climate and, indeed, of life itself. This book provides a treatment of advances in our understanding through improvements in global models, in the representation of the processes included in the models, and in related observations. It deals with fluxes within the atmosphere, at and beneath the land and ocean surface, and the interaction between them. In order to provide authoritative and coherent coverage of an area of environmental science that is developing rapidly, the book draws upon the expertise of many of the world's leading researchers across a wide range of meteorology, hydrology and oceanography. The book will be of main interest to graduate students and researchers in these subjects, but it will also appeal to final-year undergraduate students.
目录
List of contributors
Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Part I The Global Energy and Water Cycles
1 The global energy cycle Richard D. Rosen
2 The global water cycle Taikan Oki
Part II Global Atmospheric Models, Data Assimilation and Applications to the Energy and Water Cycles
3 Atmospheric models for weather prediction and climate simulations Eugenia Kalnay
4 Numerical approximations for global atmospheric models David Williamson
5 Parameterization of subgrid-scale processes Hua-lu Pan
6 Principles of data assimilation Milija Zupanski and Eugenia Kalnay
7 Estimation of the global energy and water cycle from global data assimilation Glenn White and Suranjana Saha
8 Coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling for climate simulation and prediction Ming Ji and Arun Kumar
Part III Atmospheric Processes and their Large-Scale Effects
9 Radiative effects of clouds and water vapour Graeme L. Stephens
10 Effects of aerosols on clouds and radiation Peter V. Hobbs
11 Vertical transport processes T. Hauf and S. Brinkop
12 Precipitating cloud systems Peter Jonas
Part IV Surface and Sub-Surface Precipitation
13 Estimating surface precipitation D. Rosenfeld and C. G. Collier
14 Air-sea fluxes and their estimation Peter K. Taylor and Kristina B. Katsaros
15 The ocean's response to the freshwater cycle Raymond W. Schmitt
16 Physical and physiological feedback constraining evaporation from land surfaces J. L. Monteith
17 Soil water P. J. Gregory
18 Surface runoff and subsurface redistribution of water Eric F. Wood
Part V Use of Small-Scale Models and Observational Data to Investigate Coupled Processes
19 Mesoscale field experiments and models Jean-Claude AndrT and Jodl Noilhan and Jean-Paul Goutorbe
20 Cloud-resolving models M. W. Moncrieff and W.-K. Tao
Part VI Examples of the Use of GCMs to Investigate Effects of Coupled Processes
21 The interaction of convective and turbulent fluxes in general circulation models David Gregory and Andrew Bushell and Andrew Brown
22 Soil moisture-precipitation interaction: experience with two land surface schemes in the ECWMF model Anton C. M. Beljaars and Pedro Viterbo
Part VII Continental-Scale Water Budgets
23 Estimating evaporation-minus-precipitation as a residual of the atmospheric water budget Kevin E. Trenberth and Christian J. Guillemot
24 Factors determining the partitioning of precipitation into evaporation and runoff P. C. D. Milly
25 The water budget of a middle latitude continental region: a modelling and observational study Peter Rowntree
26 Estimating large scale run-off E. Todini and L. Dnmenil
Part VIII The Way Forward
27 Toward an integrated land-atmosphere-ocean hydrology Moustafa T. Chahine
Index
Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Part I The Global Energy and Water Cycles
1 The global energy cycle Richard D. Rosen
2 The global water cycle Taikan Oki
Part II Global Atmospheric Models, Data Assimilation and Applications to the Energy and Water Cycles
3 Atmospheric models for weather prediction and climate simulations Eugenia Kalnay
4 Numerical approximations for global atmospheric models David Williamson
5 Parameterization of subgrid-scale processes Hua-lu Pan
6 Principles of data assimilation Milija Zupanski and Eugenia Kalnay
7 Estimation of the global energy and water cycle from global data assimilation Glenn White and Suranjana Saha
8 Coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling for climate simulation and prediction Ming Ji and Arun Kumar
Part III Atmospheric Processes and their Large-Scale Effects
9 Radiative effects of clouds and water vapour Graeme L. Stephens
10 Effects of aerosols on clouds and radiation Peter V. Hobbs
11 Vertical transport processes T. Hauf and S. Brinkop
12 Precipitating cloud systems Peter Jonas
Part IV Surface and Sub-Surface Precipitation
13 Estimating surface precipitation D. Rosenfeld and C. G. Collier
14 Air-sea fluxes and their estimation Peter K. Taylor and Kristina B. Katsaros
15 The ocean's response to the freshwater cycle Raymond W. Schmitt
16 Physical and physiological feedback constraining evaporation from land surfaces J. L. Monteith
17 Soil water P. J. Gregory
18 Surface runoff and subsurface redistribution of water Eric F. Wood
Part V Use of Small-Scale Models and Observational Data to Investigate Coupled Processes
19 Mesoscale field experiments and models Jean-Claude AndrT and Jodl Noilhan and Jean-Paul Goutorbe
20 Cloud-resolving models M. W. Moncrieff and W.-K. Tao
Part VI Examples of the Use of GCMs to Investigate Effects of Coupled Processes
21 The interaction of convective and turbulent fluxes in general circulation models David Gregory and Andrew Bushell and Andrew Brown
22 Soil moisture-precipitation interaction: experience with two land surface schemes in the ECWMF model Anton C. M. Beljaars and Pedro Viterbo
Part VII Continental-Scale Water Budgets
23 Estimating evaporation-minus-precipitation as a residual of the atmospheric water budget Kevin E. Trenberth and Christian J. Guillemot
24 Factors determining the partitioning of precipitation into evaporation and runoff P. C. D. Milly
25 The water budget of a middle latitude continental region: a modelling and observational study Peter Rowntree
26 Estimating large scale run-off E. Todini and L. Dnmenil
Part VIII The Way Forward
27 Toward an integrated land-atmosphere-ocean hydrology Moustafa T. Chahine
Index
Global energy and water cycles /
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