Language, consciousness, culture : essays on mental structure / 1st MIT Press pbk. ed.
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作 者：Ray Jackendoff.
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ISBN：9780262512534
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简介
Ray Jackendoff's Language, Consciousness, Culture represents a breakthrough in developing an integrated theory of human cognition. It will be of interest to a broad spectrum of cognitive scientists, including linguists, philosophers, psycholinguists, neuroscientists, cognitive anthropologists, and evolutionary psychologists.Jackendoff argues that linguistics has become isolated from the other cognitive sciences at least partly because of the syntax-based architecture assumed by mainstream generative grammar. He proposes an alternative parallel architecture for the language faculty that permits a greater internal integration of the components of language and connects far more naturally to such larger issues in cognitive neuroscience as language processing, the connection of language to vision, and the evolution of language.Extending this approach beyond the language capacity, Jackendoff proposes sharper criteria for a satisfactory theory of consciousness, examines the structure of complex everyday actions, and investigates the concepts involved in an individual's grasp of society and culture. Each of these domains is used to reflect back on the question of what is unique about human language and what follows from more general properties of the mind.Language, Consciousness, Culture extends Jackendoff's pioneering theory of conceptual semantics to two of the most important domains of human thought: social cognition and theory of mind. Jackendoff's formal framework allows him to draw new connections among a large variety of literatures and to uncover new distinctions and generalizations not previously recognized. The breadth of the approach will foster cross-disciplinary conversation; the vision is to develop a richer understanding of human nature.
目录
Series Foreword p. xv
Preface p. xvii
Acknowledgments p. xxiii
The Nicod Lectures p. 1
Mental Structure p. 3
Locating the Study of Mental Structure in Cognitive Neuroscience p. 3
Mental "Structure" versus Mental "Representation" p. 5
The Mental Structures of a Simple Sentence p. 7
Relevance to Neuroscience p. 13
An Overall Vision of Mental Architecture p. 16
A Caution, and What Modularity Means p. 22
Reintegrating Generative Grammar p. 25
Introduction p. 25
Three Founding Themes of Generative Grammar p. 26
The Broken Promise p. 33
Deep Structure Would Be the Key to the Mind
A Scientific Mistake p. 35
Syntactocentrism
Phonology as an Exemplar of the Parallel Architecture p. 38
The Syntax-Semantics Interface p. 43
The Outcome p. 48
Parallel Architecture
Another Fundamental Mistake p. 53
The Lexicon/Grammar Distinction
The Words-and-Rules Controversy p. 60
Four Ways the Parallel Architecture Helps Integrate Linguistics with Cognitive Neuroscience p. 64
Conclusions p. 75
Conscious and Unconscious Aspects of Language Structure p. 77
The State of the Art p. 77
What Parts of Linguistic Are Conscious? p. 80
A Second Dimension of Consciousness p. 87
Valuation
The Role of Attention in Consciousness p. 98
How Language Enhances Thought p. 104
Concluding Remarks, Including Evolution of Language Again p. 107
Shaking Hands and Making Coffee: The Structure of Complex Actions p. 111
Introduction p. 111
Shaking Hands p. 113
Making Coffee p. 123
Building Structure p. 130
Summing Up p. 139
Cognition of Society and Culture p. 145
Social Cognition as a Cognitive Capacity p. 145
Parallels with Linguistics p. 147
Objections from Social Science p. 155
A Role for Linguistics p. 158
The Physical and the Social/Personal Domains p. 161
Affiliations p. 165
Kinship, Alliances, Dominance
Groups p. 167
Cooperation and Competition p. 172
Framing p. 175
Rules and Other Normative Principles p. 178
What Grounds Morality? p. 183
Where Science Bumps Up against Politics
The Structure of Social Cognition and Theory of Mind p. 189
Perception Verbs and Theory of Mind p. 191
Introduction to Part II p. 192
Overview of Conceptual Structure
Actors and Patients/Undergoers p. 197
Experiencers and Stimuli p. 204
AFF, EXP, and Theory of Mind p. 206
The Mapping of EXP to Syntax p. 208
Experiencer Verbs without Overt Experiencers p. 213
Objective and Subjective Psychological and Evaluative Predicates p. 217
The Problems p. 217
Classes of A陇ective/Evaluative Psychological Predicates p. 218
Experiencer-Subject Adjectives and Verbs p. 224
Stimulus-Subject Adjectives p. 228
Stimulus-Subject Verbs p. 229
Adding the Macrorole Tier p. 234
Valence in the Macrorole Tier p. 237
More Theory of Mind
Why Subjective and Objective Systems? p. 239
Intending and Volitional Action p. 243
Introduction p. 243
Animate Actions as a Special Class of Situations p. 244
Situational and Actional Attitudes p. 247
The Folk Metaphysics of Actional Attitudes p. 254
The Conceptual Structure of Believe and Intend p. 255
Doing Something Intentionally, the Volitionality of Action, and Imperatives p. 262
Fulfilling versus Voiding an Intention Purposes p. 268
Joint Intentions p. 272
Conclusion p. 275
The Logic of Value p. 277
Overview p. 277
Affective Value p. 280
Utility p. 283
Getting Into and Out Of the System p. 284
Resource Value, Quality, and Prowess p. 287
Normative Value and Personal Normative Value p. 290
Some Inferences Involving Normative Value p. 293
Esteem p. 297
Summary p. 300
Fairness, Reciprocity, and Exchange p. 305
Fairness and Selfishness p. 305
Reciprocation, Retaliation, and Restitution p. 312
Honoring, Shaming, and Apologizing p. 317
Deserving p. 319
Exchange p. 323
Linguistic Expression of Exchange of Objects and Actions p. 328
Rights and Obligations p. 333
Introduction p. 333
The Argument Structure of Rights and Obligations p. 335
What One Can Do with Rights and Obligations p. 340
Rights and Obligations Are Not Understood Metaphorically p. 342
Existentially versus Universally Quantified Rights and Obligations p. 344
The Fundamental Principles of Rights and Obligations p. 345
Consequences of Noncompliance
Reciprocal Rights and Obligations p. 350
Authority p. 351
Where Does It Come From? p. 354
Trumpets and Drums p. 359
Methodology in Studying Social Cognition and Theory of Mind p. 359
Theory of Mind and Social Cognition p. 362
What's Innate, and What's Special to Humans?
References p. 369
Index p. 393
Preface p. xvii
Acknowledgments p. xxiii
The Nicod Lectures p. 1
Mental Structure p. 3
Locating the Study of Mental Structure in Cognitive Neuroscience p. 3
Mental "Structure" versus Mental "Representation" p. 5
The Mental Structures of a Simple Sentence p. 7
Relevance to Neuroscience p. 13
An Overall Vision of Mental Architecture p. 16
A Caution, and What Modularity Means p. 22
Reintegrating Generative Grammar p. 25
Introduction p. 25
Three Founding Themes of Generative Grammar p. 26
The Broken Promise p. 33
Deep Structure Would Be the Key to the Mind
A Scientific Mistake p. 35
Syntactocentrism
Phonology as an Exemplar of the Parallel Architecture p. 38
The Syntax-Semantics Interface p. 43
The Outcome p. 48
Parallel Architecture
Another Fundamental Mistake p. 53
The Lexicon/Grammar Distinction
The Words-and-Rules Controversy p. 60
Four Ways the Parallel Architecture Helps Integrate Linguistics with Cognitive Neuroscience p. 64
Conclusions p. 75
Conscious and Unconscious Aspects of Language Structure p. 77
The State of the Art p. 77
What Parts of Linguistic Are Conscious? p. 80
A Second Dimension of Consciousness p. 87
Valuation
The Role of Attention in Consciousness p. 98
How Language Enhances Thought p. 104
Concluding Remarks, Including Evolution of Language Again p. 107
Shaking Hands and Making Coffee: The Structure of Complex Actions p. 111
Introduction p. 111
Shaking Hands p. 113
Making Coffee p. 123
Building Structure p. 130
Summing Up p. 139
Cognition of Society and Culture p. 145
Social Cognition as a Cognitive Capacity p. 145
Parallels with Linguistics p. 147
Objections from Social Science p. 155
A Role for Linguistics p. 158
The Physical and the Social/Personal Domains p. 161
Affiliations p. 165
Kinship, Alliances, Dominance
Groups p. 167
Cooperation and Competition p. 172
Framing p. 175
Rules and Other Normative Principles p. 178
What Grounds Morality? p. 183
Where Science Bumps Up against Politics
The Structure of Social Cognition and Theory of Mind p. 189
Perception Verbs and Theory of Mind p. 191
Introduction to Part II p. 192
Overview of Conceptual Structure
Actors and Patients/Undergoers p. 197
Experiencers and Stimuli p. 204
AFF, EXP, and Theory of Mind p. 206
The Mapping of EXP to Syntax p. 208
Experiencer Verbs without Overt Experiencers p. 213
Objective and Subjective Psychological and Evaluative Predicates p. 217
The Problems p. 217
Classes of A陇ective/Evaluative Psychological Predicates p. 218
Experiencer-Subject Adjectives and Verbs p. 224
Stimulus-Subject Adjectives p. 228
Stimulus-Subject Verbs p. 229
Adding the Macrorole Tier p. 234
Valence in the Macrorole Tier p. 237
More Theory of Mind
Why Subjective and Objective Systems? p. 239
Intending and Volitional Action p. 243
Introduction p. 243
Animate Actions as a Special Class of Situations p. 244
Situational and Actional Attitudes p. 247
The Folk Metaphysics of Actional Attitudes p. 254
The Conceptual Structure of Believe and Intend p. 255
Doing Something Intentionally, the Volitionality of Action, and Imperatives p. 262
Fulfilling versus Voiding an Intention Purposes p. 268
Joint Intentions p. 272
Conclusion p. 275
The Logic of Value p. 277
Overview p. 277
Affective Value p. 280
Utility p. 283
Getting Into and Out Of the System p. 284
Resource Value, Quality, and Prowess p. 287
Normative Value and Personal Normative Value p. 290
Some Inferences Involving Normative Value p. 293
Esteem p. 297
Summary p. 300
Fairness, Reciprocity, and Exchange p. 305
Fairness and Selfishness p. 305
Reciprocation, Retaliation, and Restitution p. 312
Honoring, Shaming, and Apologizing p. 317
Deserving p. 319
Exchange p. 323
Linguistic Expression of Exchange of Objects and Actions p. 328
Rights and Obligations p. 333
Introduction p. 333
The Argument Structure of Rights and Obligations p. 335
What One Can Do with Rights and Obligations p. 340
Rights and Obligations Are Not Understood Metaphorically p. 342
Existentially versus Universally Quantified Rights and Obligations p. 344
The Fundamental Principles of Rights and Obligations p. 345
Consequences of Noncompliance
Reciprocal Rights and Obligations p. 350
Authority p. 351
Where Does It Come From? p. 354
Trumpets and Drums p. 359
Methodology in Studying Social Cognition and Theory of Mind p. 359
Theory of Mind and Social Cognition p. 362
What's Innate, and What's Special to Humans?
References p. 369
Index p. 393
Language, consciousness, culture : essays on mental structure / 1st MIT Press pbk. ed.
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