Water
Water
Hydrology and Hydrogeology
The Hydrologic Cycle
Energy Transformations
The Hydrologic Equation
Hydrogeologists
Applied Hydrogeology
The Business of Hydrogeology (What Do Hydrogeologists Do All Day?)
Sources of Hydrogeological Information
American Society of Testing and Materials Standards
Working the Problems
Solving Problems Using Spreadsheets
Elements of the Hydrologic Cycle
Evaporation
Transpiration
Evapotranspiration
Condensation
Formation of Precipitation
Measurement of Precipitation and Snow
Effective Depth of Precipitation
Events during Precipitation
Events During Precipitation
Stream Hydrographs
Rainfall-Runoff Relationships
Duration Curves
Determining Ground-Water Recharge from Baseflow
Measurement of Streamflow
Manning Equation
Properties of Aquifers
Matter and Energy (A Brief Review of Physics)
Porosity of Earth Materials
Specific Yield
Hydraulic Conductivity of Earth Materials
Permeameters
Water Table
Aquifers
Water-Table and Potentiometric Surface Maps
Aquifer Characteristics
Compressibility and Effective Stress
Homogeneity and Isotropy
Gradient of the Potentiometric Surface
Principles of Ground-Water Flow
Introduction
Mechanical Energy
Hydraulic Head
Head in Water of Variable Density
Force Potential and Hydraulic Head
Darcy's Law
Equations of Ground-Water Flow
Solution of Flow Equations
Gradient of Hydraulic Head
Relationship of Ground-Water-Flow Direction to Gradh
Flow Lines and Flow Nets
Refraction of Flow Lines
Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer
Steady Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer
Ground-Water Flow to Wells
Introduction
Basic Assumptions
Radial Flow
Computing Drawdown Caused by a Pumping Well
Determining Aquifer Parameters from Time-Drawdown Data
Slug Tests
Estimating Aquifer Transmissivity from Specific Capacity Data
Intersecting Pumping Cones and Well Interference
Effect of Hydrogeologic Boundaries
Aquifer-Test Design
Soil Moisture and Ground-Water Recharge
Introduction
Porosity and Water Content of Soil
Capillarity and the Capillary Fringe
Pore-Water Tension in the Vadose Zone
Soil Water
Theory of Unsaturated Flow
Water-Table Recharge
Regional Ground-Water Flow
Introduction
Steady Regional Ground-Water Flow in Unconfined Aquifers
Transient Flow in Regional Ground-Water Systems
Noncyclical Ground Water
Springs
Geology of Regional Flow Systems
Interactions of Ground Water and Lakes or Wetlands and Streams
Geology of Ground-Water Occurrence
Introduction
Unconsolidated Aquifers
Lithified Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
Ground Water in Permafrost Regions
Ground Water in Desert Areas
Coastal-Plain Aquifers
Fresh-Water-Saline-Water Relations
Tidal Effects
Ground-Water Regions of the United States
Water Chemistry
Introduction
Units of Measurement
Types of Chemical Reactions in Water
Law of Mass Action
Common-Ion Effect
Chemical Activities
Ionization Constant of Water and Weak Acids
Carbonate Equilibrium
Thermodynamic Relationships
Oxidation Potential
Ion Exchange
Isotope Hydrology
Major Ion Chemistry
Presentation of Results of Chemical Analyses
Water Quality and Ground-Water Contamination
Introduction
Water-Quality Standards
Collection of Water Samples
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