简介
Can God create a stone too heavy for him to lift? Can time have a beginning? Which came first, the chicken or the egg? Riddles, paradoxes, conundrums--for millennia the human mind has found such knotty logical problems both perplexing and irresistible. Now Roy Sorensen offers the first narrative history of paradoxes, a fascinating and eye-opening account that extends from the ancient Greeks, through the Middle Ages, the Enlightenment, and into the twentieth century. When Augustine asked what God was doing before He made the world, he was told: "Preparing hell for people who ask questions like that." A Brief History of the Paradox takes a close look at "questions like that" and the philosophers who have asked them, beginning with the folk riddles that inspired Anaximander to erect the first metaphysical system and ending with such thinkers as Lewis Carroll, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and W.V. Quine. Organized chronologically, the book is divided into twenty-four chapters, each of which pairs a philosopher with a major paradox, allowing for extended consideration and putting a human face on the strategies that have been taken toward these puzzles. Readers get to follow the minds of Zeno, Socrates, Aquinas, Ockham, Pascal, Kant, Hegel, and many other major philosophers deep inside the tangles of paradox, looking for, and sometimes finding, a way out. Filled with illuminating anecdotes and vividly written, A Brief History of the Paradox will appeal to anyone who finds trying to answer unanswerable questions a paradoxically pleasant endeavor.
目录
Anaximander and the riddle of origin
Pythagoras's search for the common denominator
Parmenides on what is not
Sisyphus's rock and Zeno's paradoxes
Socrates: the paradox of inquiry
The Megarian identity crisis
Eubulides and the politics of the liar
A footnote to "Plato"
Aristotle on fatalism
Chrysippus on people parts
Sextus Empiricus and the infinite regress of justification
Augustine's pragmatic paradoxes
Aquinas: can God have a biography?
Ockham and the Insolubilia
Buridan's sophisms
Pascal's improbable calculations
Leibniz's principle of sufficient reason
Hume's all-consuming ideas
The common sense of Thomas Reid
Kant and the antinomy of pure reason
Hegel's world of contradictions
Russell's set
Wittgenstein and the depth of a grammatical joke
Quine's question mark.
Pythagoras's search for the common denominator
Parmenides on what is not
Sisyphus's rock and Zeno's paradoxes
Socrates: the paradox of inquiry
The Megarian identity crisis
Eubulides and the politics of the liar
A footnote to "Plato"
Aristotle on fatalism
Chrysippus on people parts
Sextus Empiricus and the infinite regress of justification
Augustine's pragmatic paradoxes
Aquinas: can God have a biography?
Ockham and the Insolubilia
Buridan's sophisms
Pascal's improbable calculations
Leibniz's principle of sufficient reason
Hume's all-consuming ideas
The common sense of Thomas Reid
Kant and the antinomy of pure reason
Hegel's world of contradictions
Russell's set
Wittgenstein and the depth of a grammatical joke
Quine's question mark.
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