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ISBN:9780195165050

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简介

Summary: Publisher Summary 1 Since colonial times, the sense of encountering an unseen, transcendental Presence within the natural world has been a characteristic motif in American literature and culture. American writers have repeatedly perceived in nature something beyond itself-and beyond themselves. In this book, John Gatta argues that the religious import of American environmental literature has yet to be fully recognized or understood. Whatever their theology, American writers have perennially construed the nonhuman world to be a source, in Rachel Carson's words, of "something that takes us out of ourselves." Making Nature Sacredexplores how the quest for "natural revelation" has been pursued through successive phases of American literary and intellectual history. And it shows how the imaginative challenge of "reading" landscapes has been influenced by biblical hermeneutics. Though focused on adaptations of Judeo-Christian religious traditions, it also samples Native American, African American, and Buddhist forms of ecospirituality. It begins with Colonial New England writers such Anne Bradstreet and Jonathan Edwards, re-examines pivotal figures such as Henry Thoreau and John Muir, and takes account of writings by Mary Austin, Rachel Carson, and many others along the way. The book concludes with an assessment of the "spiritual renaissance" underway in current environmental writing, as represented by five noteworthy poets and by authors such as Wendell Berry, Annie Dillard, Marilynne Robinson, Peter Matthiessen, and Barry Lopez. This engaging study should appeal not only to students of literature, but also to those interested in ethics and environmental studies, religious studies, and American cultural history.  

目录

Contents 12
Introduction 16
1. Landfall: The New World as New Creation 28
Hayle Holly Land 28
From William Bradford\u2019s \u201cHideous and Desolate Wilderness\u201d to Cotton Mather\u2019s Sacred Geography 31
Thomas Morton\u2019s Idol Experiment: Nature Religion in New Canaan 40
2. Meditating on the Creatures in Early American Life and Letters 48
Visible Wonders of the Invisible World 48
Anne Bradstreet\u2019s Meditations on the Creatures 53
Ethical Views of \u201cBrute Creation\u201d in Two Quakers: William Bartram and John Woolman 61
3. Intimations of an Environmental Ethic in the Writings of Jonathan Edwards 68
From Edwards to Aldo Leopold 68
Sacred Grounds of Leopold\u2019s Land Ethic 70
YES! in Thunder 73
The Divine Beauty of Creation 75
From Aesthetics to Environmental Ethics: The Nature of True Virtue Applied to Nature 79
4. \u201cRevelation to US\u201d: Green Shoots of Romantic Religion in Antebellum America 84
Surveying the Field 84
From Reading Nature\u2019s Book to Worshipping in God\u2019s First Temple: Bryant and Cooper 86
Emerson\u2019s Nature 101
From Commodity to Cosmos 103
Revelation to US: The Primacy of Experience 107
Reshaping Nature 108
5. Variations on Nature: From the Old Manse to the White Whale 114
Hawthorne\u2019s Recovery of Eden 114
Secret Gardens: Women\u2019s Plot, Women\u2019s Work 119
God\u2019s Grassy Handkerchief: Walt Whitman\u2019s World 123
\u201cHeartless Voids and Immensities\u201d: The Inscrutable Nature of Moby-Dick 129
6. \u201cRare and Delectable Places\u201d: Thoreau\u2019s Imagination of Sacred Space at Walden 140
Spirits of Concord 140
Active and Contemplative Religion 145
Sandbank Visions of Numinous Evolution 146
7. Post-Darwinian Visions of Divine Creation 156
Beyond Deicidal Darwinism 156
Godliness Writ Large in John Muir\u2019s Sierra 161
Earthspirits of Other Peoples in Mary Austin and Black Elk 170
Rachel Carson\u2019s Reverence for Hidden Pools of Life 178
8. Imagined Worlds: The Lure of Numinous Exoticism 188
Swamp Spirits of African America 188
Discerning the Invisible Landscape in Barry Lopez\u2019s Arctic Dreams 194
Seeking the Unseen Snow Leopard 201
God, Satan, and Uncle Sam in the Everglades 208
9. Reclaiming the Sacred Commons 212
The Gifted Land of Wendell Berry 212
Annie Dillard\u2019s Interrogation of Creation 220
Paradise Regained in Suburbia: John Cheever\u2019s Fable of Beasley\u2019s Pond 227
The Undomesticated Ecology of Marilynne Robinson\u2019s Housekeeping 232
10. Learning to Love Creation: The Religious Tenor of Contemporary Ecopoetry 238
Religious Features of \u201cThe Secular Pilgrimage\u201d 238
Poetry of Sabbath Spaces 243
Love for \u201cAll of It\u201d 247
Beyond Humanism toward Reverence: The Beauty of Unknowing 252
Afterword 258
Notes 260
Index 296
A 296
B 296
C 297
D 298
E 298
F 299
G 299
H 299
I 300
J 300
K 300
L 300
M 300
N 301
O 301
P 302
Q 302
R 302
S 302
T 303
U 303
V 303
W 303
Y 304
Z 304

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