Foreword p. xiii
Introduction p. xv
1 The Millennium Development Goals for Water: Crucial Objectives, Inadequate Commitments Peter H. Gleick p. 1
Setting Water and Sanitation Goals p. 2
Commitments to Achieving the MDGs for Water p. 2
Consquences: Water-Related Diseases p. 7
Measures of Illness from Water-Related Diseases p. 9
Scenarios of Future Deaths from Water-Related Diseases p. 10
Conclusions p. 14
References p. 14
2 The Myth and Reality of Bottled Water Peter H. Gleick p. 17
Bottled Water Use History and Trends p. 18
The Price and Cost of Bottled Water p. 22
The Flavor and Taste of Water p. 23
Bottled Water Quality p. 25
Regulating Bottled Water p. 26
Comparison of U.S. Standards for Bottled Water and Tap Water p. 36
Other Concerns Associated with Bottled Water p. 37
Conclusions p. 41
References p. 42
3 Water Privatization Principles and Practices Meena Palaniappan and Peter H. Gleick and Catherine Hunt and Veena Srinivasan p. 45
Update on Privatization p. 46
Principles and Standards for Water p. 47
Can the Principles Be Met? p. 48
Conclusions p. 73
References p. 74
4 Groundwater: The Challenge of Monitoring and Management Marcus Moench p. 79
Conceptual Foundations p. 80
Challenges in Assessment p. 80
Extraction and Use p. 81
Groundwater in Agriculture p. 88
The Analytical Dilemma p. 90
A Way Forward: Simple Data as a Catalyst for Effective Management p. 97
References p. 98
5 Urban Water Conservation: A Case Study of Residential Water Use in California Peter H. Gleick and Dana Haasz and Gary Wolff p. 101
The Debate over California's Water p. 102
Defining Water "Conservation" and "Efficiency" p. 103
Current Urban Water Use in California p. 105
A Word About Agricultural Water Use p. 107
Economics of Water Savings p. 107
Data and Information Gaps p. 108
Indoor Residential Water Use p. 109
Indoor Residential Water Conservation: Methods and Assumptions p. 112
Indoor Residential Summary p. 118
Outdoor Residential Water Use p. 118
Current Outdoor Residential Water Use p. 119
Existing Outdoor Conservation Efforts and Approaches p. 120
Outdoor Residential Water Conservation: Methods and Assumptions p. 121
Residential Outdoor Water Use Summary p. 125
Conclusions p. 126
Abbreviations and Acronyms p. 126
References p. 127
6 Urban Water Conservation: A Case Study of Commercial and Industrial Water Use in California Peter H. Gleick and Veena Srinivasan and Christine Henges-Jeck and Gary Wolff p. 131
Background to CII Water Use p. 132
Current California Water Use in the CII Sectors p. 133
Estimated CII Water Use in California in 2000 p. 138
Data Challenges p. 139
The Potential for CII Water Conservation and Efficiency Improvements: Methods and Assumptions p. 140
Methods for Estimating CII Water Use and Conservation Potential p. 143
Calculation of Conservation Potential p. 145
Data Constraints and Conclusions p. 148
Recommendations for CII Water Conservation p. 150
Conclusions p. 153
References p. 154
7 Climate Change and California Water Resources Michael Kiparsky and Peter H. Gleick p. 157
The State of the Science p. 158
Climate Change and Impacts on Managed Water-Resource Systems p. 172
Moving From Climate Science to Water Policy p. 175
Conclusions p. 183
References p. 184
Water Briefs
1 3rd World Water Forum in Kyoto: Disappointment and Possibility Nicholas L. Cain p. 189
Ministerial Declaration of the 3rd World Water Forum: Message from the Lake Biwa and Yodo River Basin p. 198
NGO Statement of the 3rd World Water Forum p. 202
2 The Human Right to Water: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back Peter H. Gleick p. 204
Substantive Issues Arising in the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. United Nations General Comment No. 15 (2002) p. 213
3 The Water and Climate Bibliography Peter H. Gleick and Michael Kiparksy p. 228
4 Environment and Security: Water Conflict Chronology Version 2004-2005 Peter H. Gleick p. 234
Water Conflict Chronology Peter H. Gleick p. 236
Data Section
Data Table 1 Total Renewable Freshwater Supply by Country (2004 Update) p. 257
Data Table 2 Freshwater Withdrawals by Country and Sector (2004 Update) p. 263
Data Table 3 Deaths and DALYs from Selected Water-Related Diseases p. 272
Data Table 4 Official Development Assistance Indicators p. 274
Data Table 5 Aid to Water Supply and Sanitation by Donor, 1996 to 2001 p. 278
Data Table 6 Bottled Water Consumption by Country, 1997 to 2002 p. 280
Data Table 7 Global Bottled Water Consumption by Region, 1997 to 2002 p. 283
Data Table 8 Bottled Water Consumption, Share by Region, 1997 to 2002 p. 285
Data Table 9 Per-capita Bottled Water Consumption by Region, 1997 to 2002 p. 286
Data Table 10 United States Bottled Water Sales, 1991 to 2001 p. 288
Data Table 11 Types of Packaging Used for Bottled Water in Various Countries, 1999 p. 289
Data Table 12 Irrigated Area by Region, 1961 to 2001 p. 291
Data Table 13 Irrigated Area, Developed and Developing Countries, 1961 to 2001 p. 293
Data Table 14 Global Production and Yields of Major Cereal Crops, 1961 to 2002 p. 295
Data Table 15 Global Reported Flood Deaths, 1900 to 2002 p. 298
Data Table 16 United States Flood Damage by Fiscal Year, 1926 to 2001 p. 301
Data Table 17 Total Outbreaks of Drinking Water-Related Disease, United States, 1973 to 2000 p. 304
Data Table 18
18.a Extinction Rate Estimates for Continental North American Fauna (percent loss per decade) p. 309
18.b Imperiled Species for North American Fauna p. 309
Data Table 19 Proportion of Species at Risk, United States p. 311
Data Table 20 United States Population and Water Withdrawals 1900 to 2000 p. 313
Data Table 21 United States Economic Productivity of Water, 1900 to 2000 p. 317
Water Units, Data Conversions, and Constants p. 321
Comprehensive Table of Contents p. 331
Volume 1 The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, 1998-1999 p. 331
Volume 2 The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, 2000-2001 p. 334
Volume 3 The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, 2002-2003 p. 337
Comprehensive Index p. 341