Plant pathology /

Table Of Contents:
Preface v

PART ONE: PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

Introduction 1(1)

What is Disease? 5(1)

Components of Disease (Disease Pyramid) 6(1)

Causes of Disease 7(1)

Classification of Diseases 8(5)

History of Plant Pathology 13(12)

Plant Pathology in India 25(2)

Significance of Plant Diseases 27(7)

Basic Procedures in Diagnosis of Plant Diseases 34(2)

Stages in the Development of Disease (Disease Cycle) 36(7)

General Symptoms of Plant Diseases 43

Effects of Pathogens on Physiology of Plants 1(1)

Translocation of Water and Nutrients 2(1)

Transpiration 3(1)

Translocation of Organic Nutrients 4(1)

Photosynthesis 4(1)

Plant Respiration 4(1)

Permeability of Cell Membranes 5(1)

Transcription and Translation 5(1)

Plant Growth 6

Genetic Basis of Host-Pathogen Interactions 1(1)

Genes and Disease 2(2)

Plant Resistance 4(4)

Genetics of Virulence in Pathogen and Resistance in Host Plant 8(17)

Breeding for Disease Resistance 25

The Attacking Pathogen 1(1)

Pathogenesis or Disease Development 2(7)

Plant-Parasite Relationship 9(1)

Weapons of Attack 9(1)

Enzymes in Plant Disease 10(4)

Microbial Toxins in Plant Disease 14(5)

Growth Regulators in Plant Disease 19(1)

Polysaccharides 20(1)

Suppressors of Plant Disease 20

The Defending Host 1(1)

Preexisting Structural Defense 3(1)

Preexisting Chemical Defense 3(1)

Defense Through Lack of Essential Factors 4(1)

Induced Structural and Biochemical Defense 5(2)

Induced Structural Defense 7(2)

Induced Biochemical Defense 9(1)

Induced Biochemical Defense in Hypersensitive Response (Monogenic/R gene Resistance) 10(6)

Detoxification of Pathogen Toxins 16(1)

Systemic Acquired Resistance by Inoculation with Microbes and Chemicals 17(1)

Plantibodies (Immunization of Plants) 18(1)

Genetically-Engineered Disease-Resistant Plants 18

Effect of Environment on Disease Development 1(1)

Temperature 2(2)

Moisture 4(1)

Wind 5(1)

Light 6(1)

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentration 6(1)

Soil pH 6(1)

Host-Plant Nutrition 7(3)

Herbicides 10

Epidemiology, Assessment and Forecasting of Plant Diseases 1(1)

Slow and Rapid Epiphytotics 3(1)

Elements of an Epidemic 3(1)

Factors Affecting the Development of Epidemic 4(5)

Assessment of Plant Disease and Yield Loss 9(1)

Measurement of Disease Intensity 9(3)

Measurement of Loss 12(1)

Patterns of Epidemics 13(1)

Development of Epidemics 14(2)

Modelling and Computer Simulation of Epidemics 16(1)

New Tools in Epidemiology 17(1)

Forecasting of Plant Disease Epidemics 17(2)

Disease-Warning and Expert Systems 19

Methods of Control of Plant Diseases 1(1)

Methods of Control 2(1)

Agents of Control 3(1)

Regulatory Methods 4(2)

Cultural Methods 6(2)

Physical Methods 8(1)

Chemical Methods 9(12)

Biological Methods 21(1)

Tactics of Biological Control 22(7)

Commercial Biocides in Market 29(1)

Disease Control by Immunisation or Improvement of the Host Resistance 30(8)

Control Versus Management 38(1)

Integrated Disease or Pest Management 39

Biological Control of Insects, Nematodes and Weeds-Biocides in Crop Protection 1(1)

What is Biocide? 2(1)

Why Biocides? 2(1)

Sources of Biocides 3(1)

Biocontrol of Insect Pests-Bioinsecticides 3(3)

Viral Insecticides 6(4)

Bacterial Insecticides 10(3)

R-DNA Technology for Inserting Bt Genes into Other Organisms 13(6)

Policy of India and Other Developing Countries on Genetically Modified (GM) Crops 19(2)

Fungal Insecticides 21(3)

Protozoa in Insect Control 24(1)

Nematodes in Insect Control 25(1)

Biological Control of Nematodes-Bionematicides 25(6)

Biological Control of Weeds-Bioherbicides 31

Mechanisms of Biological Control 1(1)

Competition 2(5)

Antibiosis 7(7)

Hyperparasitism 14(4)

Hypovirulence 18(1)

Induced Resistance 19(1)

Predation 19(1)

Parasitism 20

PART TWO: MAJOR CROP PLANT DISEASES

Non-Parasitic Diseases Caused by Environmental Factors 1(1)

Temperature 4(2)

Soil Moisture and Relative Humidity 6(1)

Poor Oxygen 7(1)

Poor Light 8(1)

Air Pollutants 8(2)

Mineral Deficiencies 10(1)

Mineral Toxicity 11(1)

Herbicide Injury 11(1)

Tip Burn of Paddy/Pansukh of Rice 11(1)

Black Tip or Mango Necrosis 12(1)

Blackheart of Potato 12(1)

Khaira of Rice 13(1)

Whiptail of Brassicas 14

Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Mollicutes 1(1)

Characteristic Features of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 2(2)

General Symptoms of Bacterial Diseases 4(1)

Survival and Spread of Bacterial Plant Pathogens 5(1)

Control of Bacterial Diseases 6(1)

Black Rot/Bacterial Wilt of Crucifers 6(3)

Cassava Bacterial Blight 9(1)

Citrus Canker 10(2)

Bacterial Blight/Angular Leaf Spot/Black Arm of Cotton 12(2)

Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice 14(4)

Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice 18(2)

Common Bacterial Blight of Bean 20(2)

Leaf Scald of Sugarcane 22(2)

Bacterial Leaf Spot, Blight and Canker of Mango 24(2)

Red Stripe of Sugarcane 26(1)

Bacterial Wilt of Potato 26(2)

Moko Disease/Bacterial Wilt of Banana 28(3)

Bacterial Stalk Rot of Maize 31(1)

Bacterial Soft Rot of Potato 32(2)

Bacterial Blight of Soybean 34(1)

Fire Blight of Apple and Pear 35(1)

Bacterial Rot/Yellow Ear/Tundu of Wheat 36(1)

Common Scab of Potato 37(2)

Diseases Caused by Fastidious Vascular Bacteria 39(2)

Ratoon Stunting of Sugarcane 41(2)

Citrus Greening 43(2)

Citrus Variegated Chlorosis 45(1)

Yellow Vein Disease of Cucurbits 45(1)

Bunchy Top of Papaya 45(1)

Some Other Important Bacterial Diseases 46(2)

Diseases Caused by Mollicutes: Phytoplasmas and Spiroplasmas 48(2)

Grassy Shoot of Sugarcane 50(1)

Sandal Spike 51(2)

Little Leaf of Eggplant 53(1)

Purple Top Roll, Marginal Flavescence and Witche's Broom of Potato 54(1)

Root (Wilt) Disease of Coconut 55

Major Groups of Plant Pathogenic Fungi 1(1)

Somatic Structure 2(1)

Reproduction: Asexual and Sexual Spores 2(1)

Survival, Dissemination and Spread 3(1)

General Symptoms 4(4)

Classification: Major Groups 8(2)

Control of Fungal Diseases 10

Diseases Caused by Fungal-Like Organisms 1(1)

Plasmodiophoromycetes 2(1)

Club Root of Crucifers 2(4)

Oomycetes 6(1)

Damping-off of Seedlings, Seed Rot, Root Rot, Soft Rot 6(3)

Fruit Rot of Cucurbits 9(1)

Stem/Foot Rot of Papaya 10(1)

Rhizome Rot of Ginger 11(1)

Rhizome and Root Rot of Turmeric 12(1)

Late Blight of Potato 13(4)

Leaf Blight of Colocasia 17(2)

Phytophthora Blight of Pigeon Pea 19(2)

Bud Rot of Palms 21(2)

Kolaroga/Mahali Disease of Areca Palms 23(1)

Gummosis, Foot Rot, Root and Fibrous Root Rot of Citrus 24(2)

Green Ear of Pearl Millet (Bajra) 26(3)

Downy Mildew of Jowar 29(2)

Downy Mildew of Maize 31(4)

Downy Mildew of Crucifiers 35(2)

Downy Mildew of Pea 37(1)

Downy Mildew of Cucurbits 38(2)

Downy Mildew of Grapes 40(4)

Downy Mildew of Sunflower 44(3)

White Rust/White Blisters of Crucifers 47

Diseases Caused by True Fungi 1(1)

Diseases Caused by Chytridiomycota 2(1)

Wart/Black Wart of Potato 2(3)

Diseases Caused by Zygomycota 5(1)

Rhizopus Soft Rot of Fruits and Vegetables 6

Diseases Caused by Ascomycota 1(1)

Stem Gall of Coriander 2(2)

Leaf Curl of Peach 4(2)

Leaf Blotch of Turmeric 6(3)

Powdery Mildew of Rose 9(1)

Powdery Mildew of Cereals 10(3)

Powdery Mildew of Peas 13(1)

Powdery Mildew of Rapeseed and Mustard 14(2)

Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits 16(4)

Powdery Mildew of Grapevine 20(2)

Powdery Mildew of Apple 22(2)

Ring Spot of Sugarcane 24(1)

Stem Rot of Paddy 25(1)

Ergot of Cereals and Grasses 26(3)

Ergot of Pearl Millet (Bajra) 29(3)

False Smut of Rice 32(2)

Apple Scab 34(4)

Sclerotinia Rot and Wilt of Vegetable and Oilseed Crops 38(3)

Banana Leaf Spot/Shigatoka Disease 41(2)

Blackleg of Crucifers 43(3)

Chestnut Blight 46(2)

Nectria Canker 48(1)

Black Rot of Grape 48(1)

Dutch Elm Disease 49(1)

Ceratocystis Wilts 50

Diseases Caused by Fungi Imperfecti 1(1)

Early Blight of Potato 2(2)

Leaf Blight of Wheat 4(1)

Alternaria Leaf and Pod Spot of Crucifers 5(3)

Leaf Spot/Tikka of Groundnut 8(3)

Cercospora Leaf Spot of Sugar Beet 11(1)

Stripe Disease of Barley 12(2)

Brown Spot/Leaf Spot of Rice 14(3)

Blast of Rice 17(4)

Grey Mold of Gram 21(2)

Colletotrichum Anthracnose: A Menace to Tropical Crops 23(1)

Coffee Berry Anthracnose 24(2)

Red Rot of Sugarcane 26(4)

Ripe Fruit Rot and Die-Back of Chillies 30(2)

Colletotrichum Leaf Spot of Turmeric 32(1)

Anthracnose of Sorghum 33(2)

Anthracnose of Bean 35(3)

Anthracnose of Mango 38(1)

Wilt of Pigeon Pea (Arhar) 39(4)

Fusarium Wilt of Cotton 43(1)

Wilt of Linseed 44(1)

Fusarium Wilt/Panama Disease of Banana 45(3)

Wilt of Sugarcane 48(1)

Wilt of Gram 49(1)

Root and Stem Rot Diseases Caused By ``Sterile Fungi'' (Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium) 50(2)

Sheath Blight of Rice 52(3)

Stem Canker and Black Scurf of Potato 55(1)

Charcoal Rot of Soybean 56(2)

Rhizoctonia Root Rot of Cotton 58(1)

Root and Stem Rot of Jute 58(1)

Ascochyta Blight of Gram 59(2)

Phomopsis Blight and Fruit Rot of Eggplant 61(2)

Leaf and Glume Blotch of Wheat and Other Cereals 63(1)

Mango Malformation 64(4)

Postharvest Diseases of Plant Products 68(6)

Notes on Some Other Important Plant Diseases Caused by Fungi Imperfecti 74

Diseases Caused by Basidiomycota 1(1)

Rusts 2(1)

Spores States of Rust Fungi 2(1)

Life Cycle Patterns in Rust Fungi 3(1)

Host-Rust Relationship 4(1)

Rusts of Wheat 4(2)

Black/Stem Rust of Wheat 6(4)

Yellow/Stripe Rust 10(1)

Brown/Orange/Leaf Rust 11(7)

Rust of Groundnut 18(3)

Rust of Sunflower 21(4)

Rust of Pearl Millet (Bajra) 25(1)

Cedar-Apple Rust 26(2)

Rust of Beans 28(2)

Rust of Pea and Lentil 30(1)

Rust of Gram 31(1)

Leaf Rust of Coffee 32(3)

Rust of Linseed (Flax) 35(2)

White Pine Blister Rust 37(3)

Soybean Rust 40(1)

Smuts 40(1)

Plant Parts Attacked by Smuts 41(1)

Modes of Survival and Routes of Infection of Smut Fungi 41(2)

Loose Smut of Wheat 43(3)

Loose Smut of Barley 46(1)

Covered Smut of Barley 47(1)

Loose Smut of Oat 48(2)

Covered Smut of Oat 50(2)

Smut of Sugarcane 52(3)

Grain/Kernel Smut of Jowar 55(2)

Head Smut of Jowar and Maize 57(1)

Loose Smut of Jowar 58(1)

Long Smut of Jowar 59(1)

Smut of Pearl Millet (Bajra) 60(2)

Covered Smut/Bunt of Wheat 62(3)

Karnal Bunt of Wheat 65(4)

Bunt of Rice 69(1)

Flag Smut of Wheat 70(3)

Leaf Smut of Rice 73

Diseases Caused by Viruses and Viroids 1(1)

General Characteristics of Plant Viruses 2(2)

Virus Infection and Virus Synthesis 4(1)

Translocation and Distribution of Viruses in Plants 5(1)

Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses 6(3)

Transmission of Plant Viruses 9(3)

Purification, Detection and Identification of Plant Viruses 12(4)

Control of Plant Viruses 16(1)

Nomenclature and Classification of Plant Viruses 17(3)

Tobacco Mosaic 20(2)

Potato Mosaics 22(3)

Potato Leafroll 25(2)

Yellow Leaf Curl of Tomato 27(2)

Tomato Mottle 29(1)

Yellow Vein Mosaic of Bhindi 30(1)

Common and Yellow Mosaics of Beans 31(2)

Leaf Mosaic of Cucurbits 33(1)

Rice Tungro 34(3)

Sugarcane Mosaic 37(1)

Sterility Mosaic of Pigeon Pea 38(3)

Leaf Curl of Papaya 41(1)

Papaya Ringspot 42(2)

Bunchy Top of Banana 44(2)

Curly Top of Sugar Beet 46(1)

Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus 47(1)

Barley Yellow Dwarf 48(1)

Maize Streak 49(1)

Viroids 50(1)

Potato Spindle Tuber 51(1)

Coconut Cadang-Cadang 52

Diseases Caused by Nematodes 1(1)

Root Knot of Vegetables 5(4)

Molya Disease of Wheat and Barley 9(3)

Ear Cockle of Wheat 12(2)

Soybean Cyst Nematode 14(2)

Potato Cyst Nematode 16(1)

White Tip of Rice 17(1)

Beet Cyst Nematode 18

Diseases Caused by Flowering Plants and Green Algae 1(1)

Dodder (Amarbel, Love-vine) 2(1)

Giant/True/Leaf Mistletoes (Banda) 3(2)

Broomrapes 5(1)

Witchweed 6(2)

Parasitic Green Algae 8
Glossary 1(1)
Recommended Readings 1(1)
Index 1