简介
High-Speed DSP and Analog System Design is based on Dr. Thanh T. Tran鈥檚 25 years of experience in high-speed DSP and computer systems and courses in both digital and analog systems design at Rice University. It provides hands-on, practical advice for working engineers, including: Tips on cost-efficient design and system simulation that minimize late-stage redesign costs and product shipment delays Emphasis on good high-speed and analog design practices that minimize both component and system noise and ensure system design success Guidelines to be used throughout the design process to reduce noise and radiation and to avoid common pitfalls while improving quality and reliability Hands-on design examples focusing on audio, video, analog filters, DDR memory, and power supplies The inclusion of analog systems and related issues cannot be found in other high-speed design books 鈥淭his book is an essential resource for all engineers either interested in or working on system designs. It was created by a recognized system design expert who not only teaches these principles daily but who brings years of hands on design expertise as the creator of some of the personal computer industries鈥?most differentiated audio solutions鈥?鈥擩im Ganthier, Vice President of Marketing and Solutions, Industry Standard Servers- Hewlett-Packard 鈥淭his book helps designers by highlighting the pitfalls of high-speed systems design and providing solutions that improve the probability of success. Investing a small amount of time in the use of low-noise and low-radiation design methods from the very beginning of the development cycle will generate a high payoff by minimizing late-stage redesign costs and delays in the product ship date. To improve the probability of design success, applying the rules outlined in this book is a must-do.鈥濃擥ene Frantz, Principle Fellow, Texas Instruments Incorporated. High-Speed DSP and Analog System Design is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and professionals in signal processing and system design.
目录
Preface 5
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7
Contents 8
About The Author 12
1 Challenges of DSP Systems Design 13
1.1 HIGH-SPEED DSP SYSTEMS OVERVIEW 14
1.2 CHALLENGES OF DSP AUDIO SYSTEM 17
1.3 CHALLENGES OF DSP VIDEO SYSTEM 18
1.4 CHALLENGES OF DSP COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 20
REFERENCES 23
2 Transmission Line (TL) Effects 24
2.1 TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 25
2.2 PARALLEL TERMINATION SIMULATIONS 30
2.3 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF TL 32
2.4 SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF TL 33
2.4.1 TL Without Load or Source Termination 33
2.4.2 TL with Series Source Termination 35
2.5 GROUND GRID EFFECTS ON TL 38
2.6 MINIMIZING TL EFFECTS 39
REFERENCES 41
3 Effects of Crosstalk 42
3.1 CURRENT RETURN PATHS 42
3.2 CROSSTALK CAUSED BY RADIATION 47
3.3 SUMMARY 52
REFERENCES 54
4 Power Supply Design Considerations 55
4.1 POWER SUPPLY ARCHITECTURES 55
4.2 DSP POWER SUPPLY ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS 65
4.2.1 Power Sequencing Considerations 71
4.3 SUMMARY 74
REFERENCES 75
5 Power Supply Decoupling 76
5.1 POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING TECHNIQUES 76
5.1.1 Capacitor characteristics 78
5.1.2 Inductor characteristics 81
5.1.3 Ferrite Bead Characteristics 83
5.1.4 General Rules-Of-Thumb Decoupling Method 84
5.1.5 Analytical Method of Decoupling 86
5.1.6 Placing Decoupling Capacitors 100
5.2 HIGH FREQUENCY NOISE ISOLATION 103
5.2.1 Pi Filter Design 104
5.2.2 T Filter Design 107
5.3 SUMMARY 111
REFERENCES 113
6 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) 114
6.1 ANALOG PLL (APLL) 114
6.1.1 PLL Jitter 116
6.2 DIGITAL PLL (DPLL) 120
6.3 PLL ISOLATION TECHNIQUES 123
6.3.1 Pi and T Filters 123
6.3.2 Linear Voltage Regulator 127
6.4 SUMMARY 128
REFERENCES 129
7 Data Converter Overview 130
7.1 DSP SYSTEMS 130
7.2 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) 131
7.2.1 Sampling 133
7.2.2 Quantization Noise 135
7.3 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC) 139
7.4 PRACTICAL DATA CONVERTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 141
7.4.1 Resolution and Signal-to-Noise 142
7.4.2 Sampling Frequency 143
7.4.3 Input and Output Voltage Range 143
7.4.4 Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) 144
7.4.5 Integral Non-Linearity (INL) 146
7.5 SUMMARY 147
REFERENCES 149
8 Analog Filter Design 150
8.1 ANTI-ALIASING FILTERS 150
8.1.1 Passive and Active Filters Characteristics 151
8.1.2 Passive Filter Design 152
8.1.3 Active Filter Design 155
8.1.4 Operational Amplifier (op amp) Fundalmenta 156
8.1.4.1 Biasing Op Amps 159
8.1.5 DC and AC Coupled 164
8.1.6 First Order Active Filter Design 173
8.1.7 Second Order Active Filter Design 178
8.2 SUMMARY 184
REFERENCES 185
9 Memory Sub-System Design Considerations 186
9.1. DDR MEMORY OVERVIEW 186
9.1.1. DDR Write Cycle 188
9.1.2. DDR Read Cycle 190
9.2. DDR MEMORY SIGNAL INTEGRITY 190
9.3. DDR MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN EXAMPLE 192
REFERENCES 195
10 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout 196
10.1. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) STACKUP 196
10.2. MICROSTRIP AND STRIPLINE 199
10.3. IMAGE PLANE 201
10.4. SUMMARY 202
REFERENCES 203
11 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) 204
11.1. FCC PART 15B OVERVIEW 204
11.2. EMI FUNDAMENTALS 206
11.3. DIGITAL SIGNALS 208
11.4. CURRENT LOOPS 210
11.5. POWER SUPPLY 211
11.6. TRANSMISSION LINE 213
11.7. POWER AND GROUND PLANES 215
11.8. SUMMARY: EMI REDUCTION GUIDELINES 217
REFERENCES 219
Glossary 220
Index 222
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7
Contents 8
About The Author 12
1 Challenges of DSP Systems Design 13
1.1 HIGH-SPEED DSP SYSTEMS OVERVIEW 14
1.2 CHALLENGES OF DSP AUDIO SYSTEM 17
1.3 CHALLENGES OF DSP VIDEO SYSTEM 18
1.4 CHALLENGES OF DSP COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 20
REFERENCES 23
2 Transmission Line (TL) Effects 24
2.1 TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 25
2.2 PARALLEL TERMINATION SIMULATIONS 30
2.3 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF TL 32
2.4 SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF TL 33
2.4.1 TL Without Load or Source Termination 33
2.4.2 TL with Series Source Termination 35
2.5 GROUND GRID EFFECTS ON TL 38
2.6 MINIMIZING TL EFFECTS 39
REFERENCES 41
3 Effects of Crosstalk 42
3.1 CURRENT RETURN PATHS 42
3.2 CROSSTALK CAUSED BY RADIATION 47
3.3 SUMMARY 52
REFERENCES 54
4 Power Supply Design Considerations 55
4.1 POWER SUPPLY ARCHITECTURES 55
4.2 DSP POWER SUPPLY ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS 65
4.2.1 Power Sequencing Considerations 71
4.3 SUMMARY 74
REFERENCES 75
5 Power Supply Decoupling 76
5.1 POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING TECHNIQUES 76
5.1.1 Capacitor characteristics 78
5.1.2 Inductor characteristics 81
5.1.3 Ferrite Bead Characteristics 83
5.1.4 General Rules-Of-Thumb Decoupling Method 84
5.1.5 Analytical Method of Decoupling 86
5.1.6 Placing Decoupling Capacitors 100
5.2 HIGH FREQUENCY NOISE ISOLATION 103
5.2.1 Pi Filter Design 104
5.2.2 T Filter Design 107
5.3 SUMMARY 111
REFERENCES 113
6 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) 114
6.1 ANALOG PLL (APLL) 114
6.1.1 PLL Jitter 116
6.2 DIGITAL PLL (DPLL) 120
6.3 PLL ISOLATION TECHNIQUES 123
6.3.1 Pi and T Filters 123
6.3.2 Linear Voltage Regulator 127
6.4 SUMMARY 128
REFERENCES 129
7 Data Converter Overview 130
7.1 DSP SYSTEMS 130
7.2 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) 131
7.2.1 Sampling 133
7.2.2 Quantization Noise 135
7.3 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC) 139
7.4 PRACTICAL DATA CONVERTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 141
7.4.1 Resolution and Signal-to-Noise 142
7.4.2 Sampling Frequency 143
7.4.3 Input and Output Voltage Range 143
7.4.4 Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) 144
7.4.5 Integral Non-Linearity (INL) 146
7.5 SUMMARY 147
REFERENCES 149
8 Analog Filter Design 150
8.1 ANTI-ALIASING FILTERS 150
8.1.1 Passive and Active Filters Characteristics 151
8.1.2 Passive Filter Design 152
8.1.3 Active Filter Design 155
8.1.4 Operational Amplifier (op amp) Fundalmenta 156
8.1.4.1 Biasing Op Amps 159
8.1.5 DC and AC Coupled 164
8.1.6 First Order Active Filter Design 173
8.1.7 Second Order Active Filter Design 178
8.2 SUMMARY 184
REFERENCES 185
9 Memory Sub-System Design Considerations 186
9.1. DDR MEMORY OVERVIEW 186
9.1.1. DDR Write Cycle 188
9.1.2. DDR Read Cycle 190
9.2. DDR MEMORY SIGNAL INTEGRITY 190
9.3. DDR MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN EXAMPLE 192
REFERENCES 195
10 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout 196
10.1. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) STACKUP 196
10.2. MICROSTRIP AND STRIPLINE 199
10.3. IMAGE PLANE 201
10.4. SUMMARY 202
REFERENCES 203
11 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) 204
11.1. FCC PART 15B OVERVIEW 204
11.2. EMI FUNDAMENTALS 206
11.3. DIGITAL SIGNALS 208
11.4. CURRENT LOOPS 210
11.5. POWER SUPPLY 211
11.6. TRANSMISSION LINE 213
11.7. POWER AND GROUND PLANES 215
11.8. SUMMARY: EMI REDUCTION GUIDELINES 217
REFERENCES 219
Glossary 220
Index 222
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